268 lines
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268 lines
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<body lang="en">
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<div class="section-level-extent" id="Evaluation-and-compilation">
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<div class="nav-panel">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Types-and-classes.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Types and classes</a>, Previous: <a href="Overview.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="Standards.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Standards</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Indexes.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section" id="Evaluation-and-compilation-1">2.2 Evaluation and compilation</h3>
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<ul class="mini-toc">
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<li><a href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#Compiler-declaration-optimize" accesskey="1">Compiler declaration <code class="code">optimize</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#declaim-and-proclaim" accesskey="2"><code class="code">declaim</code> and <code class="code">proclaim</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#C-Reference-2" accesskey="3">C Reference</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Compiler-declaration-optimize">
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<h4 class="subsection">2.2.1 Compiler declaration <code class="code">optimize</code></h4>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Compiler-declarations"></a>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-optimize"></a>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debug"></a>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-speed"></a>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-safety"></a>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-space"></a>
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<p>The <code class="code">optimize</code> declaration includes three concepts: <code class="code">debug</code>,
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<code class="code">speed</code>, <code class="code">safety</code> and <code class="code">space</code>. Each of these declarations
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can take one of the integer values 0, 1, 2 and 3. According to these
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values, the implementation may decide how to compile or interpret a given
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lisp form.
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</p>
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<p>ECL currently does not use all these declarations, but some of them
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definitely affect the speed and behavior of compiled functions. For
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instance, the <code class="code">debug</code> declaration, as shown in
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<a class="ref" href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#tab_003aoptimize_002ddebug">Table 2.1</a>, the value of debugging is zero, the function
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will not appear in the debugger and, if redefined, some functions might
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not see the redefinition.
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</p>
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<div class="float" id="tab_003aoptimize_002ddebug">
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<table class="multitable">
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<thead><tr><th>Behavior</th><th>0</th><th>1</th><th>2</th><th>3</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody><tr><td>Compiled functions in the same source file are called directly</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Compiled function appears in debugger backtrace</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td></tr>
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<tr><td>All functions get a global entry (SI:C-LOCAL is ignored)</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="caption"><p><strong class="strong">Table 2.1: </strong>Behavior for different levels of <code class="code">debug</code></p></div></div>
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<p>A bit more critical is the value of <code class="code">safety</code> because as shown in
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<a class="ref" href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#tab_003aoptimize_002dsafety">Table 2.2</a>, it may affect the safety checks generated
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by the compiler. In particular, in some circumstances the compiler may
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assume that the arguments to a function are properly typed. For
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instance, if you compile with a low value of <code class="code">safety</code>, and invoke
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<code class="code">rplaca</code> with an object which is not a list, the consequences are
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unspecified.
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</p>
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<div class="float" id="tab_003aoptimize_002dsafety">
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<table class="multitable">
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<thead><tr><th>Behavior</th><th>0</th><th>1</th><th>2</th><th>3</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody><tr><td>The compiler generates type checks for the arguments of a lambda form, thus enforcing any type declaration written by the user.</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td></tr>
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<tr><td>The value of an expression or a variable declared by the user is assumed to be right.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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<tr><td>We believe type declarations and type inference and, if the type of a form is inferred to be right for a function, slot accessor, etc, this may be inlined. Affects functions like <code class="code">car</code>, <code class="code">cdr</code>, etc</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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<tr><td>We believe types defined before compiling a file do not change before the compiled code is loaded.</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Arguments in a lisp form are assumed to have the appropriate types so that the form will not fail.</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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<tr><td>The slots or fields in a lisp object are accessed directly without type checks even if the type of the object could not be inferred (see line above). Affects functions like <code class="code">pathname-type</code>, <code class="code">car</code>, <code class="code">rest</code>, etc.</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="caption"><p><strong class="strong">Table 2.2: </strong>Behavior for different levels of <code class="code">safety</code></p></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="declaim-and-proclaim">
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<h4 class="subsection">2.2.2 <code class="code">declaim</code> and <code class="code">proclaim</code></h4>
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<p>Declarations established with <code class="code">proclaim</code> stay in force
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indefinitely. Declarations established with <code class="code">declaim</code> in a file
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do not persist after the file has been compiled. However, they are
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established with <code class="code">proclaim</code> at load time when the compiled file
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is loaded. This means that when compiling two files, <code class="code">declaim</code>
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declarations in the first file will not be in force when compiling the
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second file unless the first file was loaded before the second one was
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compiled.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="C-Reference-2">
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<h4 class="subsection">2.2.3 C Reference</h4>
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<a class="anchor" id="ecl_005fprocess_005fenv"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ecl_005fprocess_005fenv"></a>
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<dl class="first-deftypefn">
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<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-ecl_005fprocess_005fenv-1"><span class="category-def">C/C++ identifier: </span><span><code class="def-type">cl_env_ptr</code> <strong class="def-name">ecl_process_env</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code><a class="copiable-link" href='Evaluation-and-compilation.html#index-ecl_005fprocess_005fenv-1'> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>ECL stores information about each thread on a dedicated structure, which
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is the process environment. A pointer to this structure can be retrieved
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using the function or macro above. This pointer can be used for a
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variety of tasks, such as defining special variable bindings,
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controlling interrupts, retrieving function output values, etc.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<ul class="mini-toc">
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<li><a href="Evaluation-and-compilation.html#ANSI-Dictionary" accesskey="1">ANSI Dictionary</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="subsubsection-level-extent" id="ANSI-Dictionary">
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<h4 class="subsubsection">2.2.3.1 ANSI Dictionary</h4>
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<p>Common Lisp and C equivalence
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</p>
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<table class="multitable">
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<thead><tr><th width="30%">Lisp symbol</th><th width="70%">C function</th></tr></thead>
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<tbody><tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_cmp.htm">compile</a></td><td width="70%">[Only in Common Lisp]</td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_eval.htm">eval</a></td><td width="70%">cl_object cl_eval (cl_object form) - <strong class="strong">DEPRECATED, see <a class="pxref" href="Manipulating-Lisp-objects.html#si_005fsafe_005feval">si_safe_eval</a></strong></td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_mexp_.htm">macroexpand</a></td><td width="70%">cl_object cl_macroexpand(cl_narg narg, cl_object form, ...)</td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_mexp_.htm">macroexpand-1</a></td><td width="70%">cl_object cl_macroexpand_1(cl_narg narg, cl_object form, ...)</td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_procla.htm">proclaim</a></td><td width="70%">[Only in Common Lisp]</td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_specia.htm">special-operator-p</a></td><td width="70%">cl_object cl_special_operator_p(cl_object form)</td></tr>
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<tr><td width="30%"><a class="url" href="http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_consta.htm">constantp</a></td><td width="70%">cl_object cl_constantp (cl_narg narg, cl_object arg, ...)</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<div class="nav-panel">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Types-and-classes.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Types and classes</a>, Previous: <a href="Overview.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="Standards.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Standards</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Indexes.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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