326 lines
16 KiB
HTML
326 lines
16 KiB
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<div class=fancy>
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<div class=nosearch>
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<div class="fancy_title">
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Savepoints
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</div>
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</div>
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<h1 id="syntax"><span>1. </span>Syntax</h1>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/savepoint-stmt.html">savepoint-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='xb9721ecc' onclick='hideorshow("xb9721ecc","x4076c644")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x4076c644' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:346px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 346.003 34.56">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L131,32A15 15 0 0 0 146 17A15 15 0 0 0 131 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="89" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
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<polygon points="169,17 158,21 158,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M146,17L164,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M185,32L298,32A15 15 0 0 0 313 17A15 15 0 0 0 298 2L185,2A15 15 0 0 0 169 17A15 15 0 0 0 185 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="241" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
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<polygon points="336,17 325,21 325,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M313,17L330,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="340" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/release-stmt.html">release-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='xa254d5c5' onclick='hideorshow("xa254d5c5","x9bcd8b3e")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x9bcd8b3e' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:488px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 488.736 54">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L111,32A15 15 0 0 0 126 17A15 15 0 0 0 111 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="79" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RELEASE</text>
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<polygon points="162,17 150,21 150,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M126,17L156,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M177,32L261,32A15 15 0 0 0 276 17A15 15 0 0 0 261 2L177,2A15 15 0 0 0 162 17A15 15 0 0 0 177 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="219" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
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<polygon points="312,17 301,21 301,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M276,17L306,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M327,32L441,32A15 15 0 0 0 456 17A15 15 0 0 0 441 2L327,2A15 15 0 0 0 312 17A15 15 0 0 0 327 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="384" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
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<polygon points="479,17 467,21 467,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M456,17L473,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="482" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="219,47 207,51 207,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M126,17 L 133,17 Q 141,17 141,32 L 141,32 Q 141,47 156,47 L 198,47 L 213,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M219,47 L 276,47 Q 291,47 291,32 L 291,32 Q 291,17 299,17 L 306,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/rollback-stmt.html">rollback-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='xca7d6da2' onclick='hideorshow("xca7d6da2","x9b810f3e")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x9b810f3e' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:801px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 801.734 67.392">
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<circle cx="5" cy="33" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,33 20,38 20,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,33L26,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,48L125,48A15 15 0 0 0 140 33A15 15 0 0 0 125 18L47,18A15 15 0 0 0 32 33A15 15 0 0 0 47 48Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="86" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ROLLBACK</text>
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<polygon points="176,33 164,38 164,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M140,33L170,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M191,48L303,48A15 15 0 0 0 318 33A15 15 0 0 0 303 18L191,18A15 15 0 0 0 176 33A15 15 0 0 0 191 48Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="247" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TRANSACTION</text>
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<polygon points="390,33 378,38 378,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M318,33L384,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M405,48L411,48A15 15 0 0 0 426 33A15 15 0 0 0 411 18L405,18A15 15 0 0 0 390 33A15 15 0 0 0 405 48Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="408" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TO</text>
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<polygon points="462,33 450,38 450,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M426,33L456,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M477,48L561,48A15 15 0 0 0 576 33A15 15 0 0 0 561 18L477,18A15 15 0 0 0 462 33A15 15 0 0 0 477 48Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="519" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SAVEPOINT</text>
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<polygon points="612,33 601,38 601,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M576,33L606,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M627,48L741,48A15 15 0 0 0 756 33A15 15 0 0 0 741 18L627,18A15 15 0 0 0 612 33A15 15 0 0 0 627 48Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="684" y="33" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">savepoint-name</text>
|
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<polygon points="792,33 780,38 780,29" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M756,33L786,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="795" cy="33" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="519,6 507,10 507,2" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M426,33 L 433,33 Q 441,33 441,20 Q 441,6 456,6 L 498,6 L 513,6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M519,6 L 576,6 Q 591,6 591,20 Q 591,33 599,33 L 606,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="519,60 507,65 507,56" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M352,33 L 359,33 Q 367,33 367,47 Q 367,60 382,60 L 498,60 L 513,60" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M519,60 L 756,60 Q 771,60 771,47 Q 771,33 778,33 L 786,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="247,60 235,65 235,56" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M140,33 L 147,33 Q 155,33 155,47 Q 155,60 170,60 L 226,60 L 241,60" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M247,60 L 318,60 Q 333,60 333,47 Q 333,33 340,33 L 348,33" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h1 id="savepoints"><span>2. </span>Savepoints</h1>
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<p> SAVEPOINTs are a method of creating transactions, similar to
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<a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> and <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>, except that the SAVEPOINT and RELEASE commands
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are named and may be nested.</p>
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<p> The SAVEPOINT command starts a new transaction with a name.
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The transaction names need not be unique.
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A SAVEPOINT can be started either within or outside of
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a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a>...<a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>. When a SAVEPOINT is the outer-most savepoint
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and it is not within a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a>...<a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> then the behavior is the
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same as BEGIN DEFERRED TRANSACTION.</p>
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<p>The ROLLBACK TO command reverts the state of the database back to what
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it was just after the corresponding SAVEPOINT. Note that unlike that
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plain <a href="lang_transaction.html">ROLLBACK</a> command (without the TO keyword) the ROLLBACK TO command
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does not cancel the transaction. Instead of cancelling the transaction,
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the ROLLBACK TO command restarts the transaction again at the beginning.
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All intervening SAVEPOINTs are canceled, however.</p>
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||
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<p>The RELEASE command is like a <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> for a SAVEPOINT.
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The RELEASE command causes all savepoints back to and including the
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most recent savepoint with a matching name to be removed from the
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transaction stack. The RELEASE of an inner transaction
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does not cause any changes to be written to the database file; it merely
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removes savepoints from the transaction stack such that it is
|
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|
|
no longer possible to ROLLBACK TO those savepoints.
|
||
|
|
If a RELEASE command releases the outermost savepoint, so
|
||
|
|
that the transaction stack becomes empty, then RELEASE is the same
|
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|
|
as <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a>.
|
||
|
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The <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> command may be used to release all savepoints and
|
||
|
|
commit the transaction even if the transaction was originally started
|
||
|
|
by a SAVEPOINT command instead of a <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>If the savepoint-name in a RELEASE command does not match any
|
||
|
|
savepoint currently in the transaction stack, then no savepoints are
|
||
|
|
released, the database is unchanged, and the RELEASE command returns
|
||
|
|
an error.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>Note that an inner transaction might commit (using the RELEASE command)
|
||
|
|
but then later have its work undone by a ROLLBACK in an outer transaction.
|
||
|
|
A power failure or program crash or OS crash will cause the outer-most
|
||
|
|
transaction to rollback, undoing all changes that have occurred within
|
||
|
|
that outer transaction, even changes that have supposedly been "committed"
|
||
|
|
by the RELEASE command. Content is not actually committed on the disk
|
||
|
|
until the outermost transaction commits.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>There are several ways of thinking about the RELEASE command:</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><p>
|
||
|
|
Some people view RELEASE as the equivalent of COMMIT for a SAVEPOINT.
|
||
|
|
This is an acceptable point of view as long as one remembers that the
|
||
|
|
changes committed by an inner transaction might later be undone by a
|
||
|
|
rollback in an outer transaction.</p></li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li><p>
|
||
|
|
Another view of RELEASE is that it merges a named transaction into its
|
||
|
|
parent transaction, so that the named transaction and its parent become
|
||
|
|
the same transaction. After RELEASE, the named transaction and its parent
|
||
|
|
will commit or rollback together, whatever their fate may be.
|
||
|
|
</p></li>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<li><p>
|
||
|
|
One can also think of savepoints as
|
||
|
|
"marks" in the transaction timeline. In this view, the SAVEPOINT command
|
||
|
|
creates a new mark, the ROLLBACK TO command rewinds the timeline back
|
||
|
|
to a point just after the named mark, and the RELEASE command
|
||
|
|
erases marks from the timeline without actually making any
|
||
|
|
changes to the database.
|
||
|
|
</p></li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h1 id="transaction_nesting_rules"><span>3. </span>Transaction Nesting Rules</h1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The last transaction started will be the first
|
||
|
|
transaction committed or rolled back.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command only works if the transaction stack is empty, or
|
||
|
|
in other words if there are no pending transactions. If the transaction
|
||
|
|
stack is not empty when the <a href="lang_transaction.html">BEGIN</a> command is invoked, then the command
|
||
|
|
fails with an error.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">COMMIT</a> command commits all outstanding transactions and leaves
|
||
|
|
the transaction stack empty.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The RELEASE command starts with the most recent addition to the
|
||
|
|
transaction stack and releases savepoints backwards
|
||
|
|
in time until it releases a savepoint with a matching savepoint-name.
|
||
|
|
Prior savepoints, even savepoints with matching savepoint-names, are
|
||
|
|
unchanged.
|
||
|
|
If the RELEASE command causes the
|
||
|
|
transaction stack to become empty (if the RELEASE command releases the
|
||
|
|
outermost transaction from the stack) then the transaction commits.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The <a href="lang_transaction.html">ROLLBACK</a> command without a TO clause rolls backs all transactions
|
||
|
|
and leaves the transaction stack empty.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>The ROLLBACK command with a TO clause rolls back transactions going
|
||
|
|
backwards in time back to the most recent SAVEPOINT with a matching name.
|
||
|
|
The SAVEPOINT with the matching name remains on the transaction stack,
|
||
|
|
but all database changes that occurred after that SAVEPOINT was created
|
||
|
|
are rolled back. If the savepoint-name in a ROLLBACK TO command does not
|
||
|
|
match any SAVEPOINT on the stack, then the ROLLBACK command fails with an
|
||
|
|
error and leaves the state of the database unchanged.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink" data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/lang_savepoint.in?m=60d80524de">2022-01-08 05:02:57</a> UTC </small></i></p>
|
||
|
|
|