335 lines
15 KiB
HTML
335 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<!-- Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM), version 7.0 -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>CLHS: About the Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="../Data/clhs.css" REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" />
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Author" CONTENT="Kent M. Pitman">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Organization" CONTENT="LispWorks Ltd.">
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<LINK REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">
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<LINK REL=COPYRIGHT HREF="../Front/Help.htm#Legal">
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<LINK REL=DISCLAIMER HREF="../Front/Help.htm#Disclaimer">
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<LINK REL=PREV HREF="../Front/StartPts.htm">
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<LINK REL=UP HREF="../Front/index.htm">
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<LINK REL=NEXT HREF="../Front/StartPts.htm">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<A NAME="Top"><H1><A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LISPWORKS]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)]" SRC="../Graphics/CLHS_Sm.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> <A REL=PREV HREF="../Front/StartPts.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Previous]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=UP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=NEXT HREF="../Front/StartPts.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A></H1></A>
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<HR>
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<H2>About the Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)</H2>
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This page contains the following kinds of information:
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<UL>
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<LI><A REL=META HREF="#IconKey"><B>Icon Key</B></A>
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<LI><A REL=META HREF="#Abstract"><B>Abstract</B></A>
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<LI><A REL=META HREF="#Authorship"><B>Authorship Information</B></A>
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<LI><A REL=COPYRIGHT HREF="#Legal"><B>Important Legal Notices</B></A>
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<LI><A REL=META HREF="#Trivia"><B>Trivia</B></A>
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<LI><A REL=META HREF="#Bugs"><B>Bug Reports</B></A>
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</UL>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="IconKey"><H2>Icon Key</H2></A>
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<IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Prev]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> or <IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[No Prev]" SRC="../Graphics/NoPrev.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> Go to the previous page, or no previous page.<P>
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<IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> or <IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[No Up]" SRC="../Graphics/NoUp.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> Go to parent page, or no parent page.<P>
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<IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> or <IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[No Next]" SRC="../Graphics/NoNext.gif" ALIGN="Bottom"> Go to the next page, or no next page.<P>
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<HR>
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Starting Points]" SRC="../Graphics/StartPts.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the list of starting points.<P>
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<A REL=TOC HREF="../Front/Contents.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Contents]" SRC="../Graphics/Contents.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the Table of Contents<P>
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<A REL=INDEX HREF="../Front/X_Master.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Index]" SRC="../Graphics/Index.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the Master Index<P>
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<A REL=GLOSSARY HREF="../Body/26_a.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Glossary]" SRC="../Graphics/Glossary.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the Glossary.<P>
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<A HREF="../Body/01_i.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Symbols]" SRC="../Graphics/Symbols.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the Symbol Index.<P>
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<A REL=NAVIGATOR HREF="../Front/Hilights.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Highlights]" SRC="../Graphics/Hilights.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to a list of selected Highlights.<P>
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<A HREF="../Issues/I_Alpha.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Issues]" SRC="../Graphics/Issues.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to the X3J13 Issue index.<P>
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<A REL=META HREF="../Front/Help.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Help]" SRC="../Graphics/Help.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A>
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Go to this text.<P>
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<HR>
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LispWorks]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> Go to the LispWorks home page.
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<HR>
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<A NAME="Abstract"><H2>Abstract</H2></A>
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Lisp is a family of languages with a long history.
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Early key ideas in Lisp were developed by
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<A HREF="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/">John McCarthy</A>
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in 1956.
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Many important dialects, languages and embedded systems
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have emerged from this work.<P>
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In 1981, representatives of several major dialects began to pool their
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efforts to design
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp</A>,
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an `industrial strength' dialect of
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Lisp that would provide stability for commercial applications.<P>
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The initial design of Common Lisp was well received, and in 1986
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<A HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/x3j13.htm">X3J13</A>
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was formed to transform this work into a formal standard.
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The resulting design,
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<A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/tc_sd4/x3j13sd4.html"
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>X3.226-1994</A>,
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is a standard for Common Lisp--<IT>not</IT> for the entire Lisp family.<P>
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The Common Lisp standard improves on earlier Common Lisp
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work by
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<A HREF="../Front/X3J13Iss.htm">
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placing much greater emphasis on portability,
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clarifying many aspects of compilation semantics</A>,
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and adding several major pieces of
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new functionality:
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<A HREF="../Body/07_.htm">an object-oriented programming system</A>,
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<A HREF="../Body/09_.htm">a condition handling system</A>,
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<A HREF="../Body/06_a.htm">an improved iteration facility</A>,
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and
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<A HREF="../Body/13_.htm">better support for large character sets</A>.<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="Authorship"><H2>Authorship Information</H2></A>
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The <A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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is <I>not</I> the ANSI Common Lisp standard, but is based on that standard
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(with <A HREF="#Acknowledgments">permission</A> from
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<A HREF="http://www.ansi.org/">ANSI</A> and
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<A HREF="http://www.x3.org/">X3</A>).<P>
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<B>As an official reference to the Common Lisp language,
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<A HREF="#Ordering">hardcopy documentation</A> of
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<A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/tc_sd4/x3j13sd4.html">ANSI Common Lisp,
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(American National Standard X3.226)</A>
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from <A HREF="http://www.ansi.org/">ANSI</A>
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is always definitive.</B><P>
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The hypertext markup for this document
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was created by
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<A REV=MADE HREF="mailto:kmp@lispworks.com">Kent Pitman</A>,
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with the aid of a <A HREF="#Caveats">custom program</A> written in
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ANSI Common Lisp and created specifically for this task.
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Funding for the markup task was provided by
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and <A REL=COPYRIGHT HREF="#Copyright">copyright of the result</A> is owned by
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A></P>
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Some <A REL=META HREF="../Front/X3J13Iss.htm">additional design
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documents</A> have been included in <A HREF="#Caveats">marked up</A> form and
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cross-referenced which are <I>not</I> part of the standard but may be useful
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in understanding it. Plaintext versions of these documents, which
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offer a useful historical perspective, are available to anyone by
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anonymous public FTP from <A
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HREF="ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/cl/cleanup/"><TT>ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/cl/cleanup/</TT></A>.<P>
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The <A HREF="http://java.sun.com/">Java</A> applet used in the
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<A HREF="../Front/X_Symbol.htm">Symbol Index</A>
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(visible only in some browsers)
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was written by Evan Williams.
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Its <A REL=COPYRIGHT HREF="#Copyright">copyright</A> is owned by
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A></P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="Legal"><H2>Important Legal Notices</H2></A>
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<A NAME="Copyright"><H3>Copyright and Conditions of Use</H3></A>
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Copyright 1996-2005, LispWorks Ltd. All Rights Reserved.<P>
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The <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp.htm-spec/">HTML</A>
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hypertext markup that implements the hypertext features of these
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World Wide Web pages of the Common Lisp specification, collectively the
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>,
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is the property of
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A><P>
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Distribution of the <A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A> as a hypertext document on
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the Internet does not constitute consent to any use of the underlying
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hypertext markup for redistribution of any kind, commercial or
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otherwise, either via the Internet or using some other form of
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distribution, in hypertext or otherwise.<P>
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Permission to copy, distribute, display, and transmit the
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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is granted provided that
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copies are not made or distributed or displayed or transmitted for direct
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commercial advantage, that notice is
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given that copying, distribution, display, and/or transmission is by
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permission of <A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A>,
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and that any copy made is COMPLETE and UNMODIFIED. IN PARTICULAR,
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the material that
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MUST appear in the copy includes:
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<OL>
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<LI>this copyright notice and its date;
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<LI>the main index page,
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><TT>../Front/index.htm</TT></A>;
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<LI>all HTML pages to which the main index page links using relative links;
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<LI>all graphical (GIF) images to which it links using relative links,
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such as the LispWorks logo that appears on each page; and
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<LI>all hypertext links, relative or absolute, such as the link
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to <A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><TT>http://www.lispworks.com/</TT></A>
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that appears on each page.
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</OL>
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Permissions related to performance and to creation of derivative works
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are expressly NOT granted.<P>
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Permission to make partial copies is expressly NOT granted, EXCEPT that
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limited permission is granted
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to transmit and
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display a partial copy the
|
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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for the ordinary purpose
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of direct viewing by a human
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being in the usual manner that hypertext browsers permit the viewing of
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such a complete document, provided
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that no recopying, redistribution, redisplay, or retransmission is made of
|
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any such partial copy.<P>
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Permission to make modified copies is expressly NOT granted.<P>
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Permission to add or replace any links or any graphical images to any of
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these pages is expressly NOT
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granted.<P>
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Permission to use any of the included graphical (GIF) images in any
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document other than the
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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is expressly NOT granted.<P>
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<A NAME="Acknowledgments"><H3>Acknowledgments</H3></A>
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Parts of this work incorporate material taken from
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<A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/tc_sd4/x3j13sd4.html">American National Standard X3.226</A>, copyright 1994, and
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is used with permission of the
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<A HREF="http://www.x3.org/">X3 Secretariat</A>,
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ITI, 1250 Eye St., NW., Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005
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and of the copyright holder,
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<A HREF="http://www.ansi.org/">American National Standards Institute</A>.
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ANSI/X3.226 was developed by
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<A HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/x3j13.htm">Technical Committee X3J13</A>,
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Common Lisp.<P>
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<A NAME="Ordering">Copies of the ANSI/X3.226 standard</A>
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may be purchased from the
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<A HREF="http://www.ansi.org">American National Standards Institute</A>,
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11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.<P>
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<H3>Restricted Rights Legend</H3>
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The
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<A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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is subject to the following Restricted Rights Legend:
|
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
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``Use, duplication, or disclosure by the
|
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<A HREF="http://www.whitehouse.gov/">United States Government</A>
|
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is subject to the restrictions set forth in
|
||
|
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(i) <A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.gsa.gov/far/">FAR 52.227-14 Alt III</A>,
|
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|
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(ii) <A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.gsa.gov/far/">FAR 52.227-19</A>,
|
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(iii) <A REL=CITATION HREF="http://www.dtic.mil/dfars/">DFARS 252.7013(c)(1)(ii)</A>, or
|
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(iv) the accompanying license Agreement, as applicable.
|
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For purposes of the FAR, the Software shall be deemed to be ``unpublished''
|
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and licensed with disclosure prohibitions, rights reserved under the copyright
|
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laws of the United States.
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<A HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/contact.html">LispWorks Ltd.,
|
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St John's Innovation Centre, Cowley Road,
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Cambridge,
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CB4 0WS,
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England</A>.''
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
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<A NAME="Disclaimer"><H3>Warranty disclaimer</H3></A>
|
||
|
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<B>THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND
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NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL LISPWORKS BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT,
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INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM
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ANY INACCURACY OR ERROR IN THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</B><P>
|
||
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<A NAME="Caveats"><H3>Additional Disclaimers</H3></A>
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Not all notations in that TeX-based document were possible to represent
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exactly in
|
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp.htm-spec/"
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>HTML</A>, although an attempt has been made to be as accurate as possible.
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Nevertheless, the process of translation was <I>heuristic</I>, and
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<I>discrepancies might have resulted</I>.
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Formally, <A HREF="#Ordering">the official ANSI printed document</A>
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is always the definitive reference.<P>
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The
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<A REL=META HREF="../Front/X3J13Iss.htm">X3J13 issue documents</A>
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are <I>not</I> part of the standard and are provided purely for historical
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perspective. It is possible that some of the documents, as included,
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are not the final form that X3J13 voted,
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or that some which were voted were omitted,
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or that references from these documents into the source text are not complete,
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or that some edits prescribed by these documents were incorrectly implemented,
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or that other discrepancies exist between these documents and the
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specification.
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These documents have <I>no</I> formal weight,
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and in all cases, the <A HREF="#Ordering">hardcopy specification</A>
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is definitive.
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<A NAME="Trademarks"><H3>Trademarks</H3></A>
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LispWorks and Liquid Common Lisp are registered trademarks of
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A><P>
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The LispWorks logo and Common Lisp HyperSpec are trademarks of
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<A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/">LispWorks Ltd.</A><P>
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All other brand and product names mentioned herein are trademarks or
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registered trademarks of their respective owners.<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="Trivia"><H2>Trivia</H2></A>
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The Common Lisp HyperSpec consumes approximately 15MB of disk storage
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in about 2300 files. It contains approximately 110,000 hyperlinks.<P>
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<HR>
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<A NAME="Bugs"><H2>Bug Reports</H2></A>
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Reports of discrepancies between
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the <A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm">Common Lisp HyperSpec</A>
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and the hardcopy form may be sent to
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<A REV=MADE HREF="mailto:kmp@lispworks.com">Kent Pitman <kmp@lispworks.com></A>.<P>
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Reports of bugs in the specification itself should be addressed to
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<A HREF="http://www.x3.org/tc_home/x3j13.htm">subcommittee X3J13</A>.
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<HR>
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<A REL=NAVIGATOR HREF="../Front/StartPts.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Starting Points]" SRC="../Graphics/StartPts.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOC HREF="../Front/Contents.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Contents]" SRC="../Graphics/Contents.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=INDEX HREF="../Front/X_Master.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Index]" SRC="../Graphics/Index.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=INDEX HREF="../Front/X_Symbol.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Symbols]" SRC="../Graphics/Symbols.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=GLOSSARY HREF="../Body/26_a.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Glossary]" SRC="../Graphics/Glossary.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A HREF="../Issues/I_Categ.htm"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Issues]" SRC="../Graphics/Issues.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><BR>
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<A REL=COPYRIGHT HREF="../Front/Help.htm#Legal"><I>Copyright 1996-2005, LispWorks Ltd. All Rights Reserved.</I></A><P>
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