332 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
332 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<HTML LANG="en-us"
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>concatenate | Common Lisp Nova Spec</TITLE
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><META CHARSET="US-ASCII"
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><LINK REL="canonical" HREF="f_concatenate.html"
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><LINK REL="next" HREF="f_merge.html" TYPE="text/html" TITLE="merge"
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><LINK REL="prev" HREF="f_substitute.html" TYPE="text/html" TITLE="substitute, substitute-if, substitute-if-not, nsubstitute, nsubstitute-if, nsubstitute-if-not"
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><LINK REL="up" HREF="17_3_Sequences_Dictionary.html" TYPE="text/html" TITLE="17.3 Sequences Dictionary"
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><LINK REL="start" HREF="index.html" TYPE="text/html" TITLE="Common Lisp Nova Spec"
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><DIV
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><DIV CLASS="topnav"
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><DIV CLASS="breadcrumb"
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><SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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><A HREF="index.html"
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>Common Lisp Nova Spec</A
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="17_Sequences.html"
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>17. Sequences</A
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="17_3_Sequences_Dictionary.html"
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>17.3 Sequences Dictionary</A
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="f_concatenate.html"
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>concatenate</A
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></SPAN
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="apropos"
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><DIV CLASS="apropos-io"
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><A HREF="f_substitute.html" CLASS="prev"
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>←</A
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><SPAN ID="apropos-label"
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>Apropos </SPAN
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><INPUT ID="apropos" AUTOFOCUS="AUTOFOCUS" PLACEHOLDER="Type here to search" ONINPUT="aproposInput(this);" ONKEYUP="aproposKeyup(event);" ONCHANGE="aproposChange(this);" ONFOCUS="aproposFocus(this);" ONFOCUSOUT="aproposFocusout(this);"
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><A HREF="f_merge.html" CLASS="next"
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>→</A
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></DIV
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><DIV ID="apropos-res"
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></DIV
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="matter"
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><DIV CLASS="com"
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><DIV CLASS="begincom"
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><HR
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><TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
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><TR
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="100%" CLASS="name"
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><SPAN CLASS="idx" DATA-KIND="idxref" DATA-TERM="concatenate"
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></SPAN
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><B
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>concatenate</B
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="0" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" CLASS="ftype"
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><I
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>Function</I
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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></DIV
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><UL CLASS="subtoc"
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></UL
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Syntax</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><B
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>concatenate</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>result-type</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>&rest</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>sequences</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>result-sequence</SPAN
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></P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Arguments and Values</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="t_sequence.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>sequence</B
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type_specifier"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>type specifier</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#sequence"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>sequence</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-sequence</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#proper_sequence"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>proper sequence</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>type</EM
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></A
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> <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Description</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_concatenate.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>concatenate</B
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></A
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> returns a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#sequence"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>sequence</EM
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></A
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> that contains all the individual elements of all the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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> in the order that they are supplied. The <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#sequence"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>sequence</EM
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></A
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> is of type <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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>, which must be a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#subtype"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>subtype</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>type</EM
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></A
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> <A HREF="t_sequence.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>sequence</B
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>All of the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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> are copied from; the result does not share any structure with any of the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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>. Therefore, if only one <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequence</VAR
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> is provided and it is of type <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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>, <A HREF="f_concatenate.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>concatenate</B
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></A
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> is required to copy <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequence</VAR
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> rather than simply returning it. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>It is an error if any element of the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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> cannot be an element of the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#sequence"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>sequence</EM
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></A
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> result. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>If the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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> is a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#subtype"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>subtype</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="t_list.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>list</B
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></A
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>, the result will be a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#list"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>list</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>If the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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> is a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#subtype"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>subtype</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="t_vector.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>vector</B
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></A
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>, then if the implementation can determine the element type specified for the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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>, the element type of the resulting array is the result of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#upgrade"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>upgrading</EM
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></A
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> that element type; or, if the implementation can determine that the element type is unspecified (or <CODE CLASS="f"
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>*</CODE
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>), the element type of the resulting array is <A HREF="t_t.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>t</B
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></A
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>; otherwise, an error is signaled.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Examples</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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>(concatenate 'string "all" " " "together" " " "now") <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "all together now"
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(concatenate 'list "ABC" '(d e f) #(1 2 3) #*1011)
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<SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> (#\A #\B #\C D E F 1 2 3 1 0 1 1)
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(concatenate 'list) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> NIL</PRE
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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>(concatenate '(vector * 2) "a" "bc") should signal an error</PRE
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Exceptional Situations</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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>An error is signaled if the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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> is neither a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#recognizable_subtype"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>recognizable subtype</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="t_list.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>list</B
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></A
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>, nor a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#recognizable_subtype"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>recognizable subtype</EM
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></A
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> of <A HREF="t_vector.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>vector</B
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>An error of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>type</EM
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></A
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> <A HREF="t_type-error.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>type-error</B
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></A
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> should be signaled if <VAR CLASS="param"
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>result-type</VAR
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> specifies the number of elements and the sum of <VAR CLASS="param"
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>sequences</VAR
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> is different from that number.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>See Also</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_append.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>append</B
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></A
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></P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="footer"
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><DIV CLASS="btmnav"
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><A HREF="f_substitute.html" CLASS="prev"
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>←</A
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><A HREF="f_merge.html" CLASS="next"
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>→</A
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="trail"
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>Conversion to HTML copyright 2023 by Gilbert Baumann</DIV
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></DIV
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>domReady();</SCRIPT
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>
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