528 lines
10 KiB
HTML
528 lines
10 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<HTML LANG="en-us"
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>get | Common Lisp Nova Spec</TITLE
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>Common Lisp Nova Spec</A
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="10_Symbols.html"
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>10. Symbols</A
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="10_2_Symbols_Dictionary.html"
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>10.2 Symbols Dictionary</A
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>get</A
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>←</A
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>Apropos </SPAN
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><INPUT ID="apropos" AUTOFOCUS="AUTOFOCUS" PLACEHOLDER="Type here to search" ONINPUT="aproposInput(this);" ONKEYUP="aproposKeyup(event);" ONCHANGE="aproposChange(this);" ONFOCUS="aproposFocus(this);" ONFOCUSOUT="aproposFocusout(this);"
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><DIV CLASS="matter"
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><TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
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><TR
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="100%" CLASS="name"
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><SPAN CLASS="idx" DATA-KIND="idxref" DATA-TERM="get"
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></SPAN
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><B
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>get</B
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="0" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" CLASS="ftype"
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><I
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>Accessor</I
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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></DIV
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><UL CLASS="subtoc"
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></UL
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Syntax</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><B
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>get</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>symbol</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>indicator</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>&optional</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>default</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>value</SPAN
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></P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><B
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>(setf (get</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>symbol</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>indicator</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>&optional</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>default</SPAN
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><B
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>)</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>new-value</SPAN
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><B
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>)</B
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></P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Arguments and Values</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>symbol</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>symbol</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>indicator</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>default</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. The default is <SPAN CLASS="misc"
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><B
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>nil</B
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></SPAN
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>value</VAR
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> — if the indicated property exists, the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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> that is its <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#value"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>value</EM
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></A
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>; otherwise, the specified <VAR CLASS="param"
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>default</VAR
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>new-value</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Description</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>get</B
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></A
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> finds a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property</EM
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></A
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> on the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_list"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property list</EM
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></A
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>2</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> of <VAR CLASS="param"
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>symbol</VAR
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> whose <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_indicator"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property indicator</EM
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></A
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> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#identical"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>identical</EM
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></A
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> to <VAR CLASS="param"
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>indicator</VAR
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>, and returns its corresponding <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_value"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property value</EM
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></A
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>. If there are multiple <EM CLASS="term"
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>properties</EM
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>1</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> with that <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_indicator"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property indicator</EM
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></A
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>, <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>get</B
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></A
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> uses the first such <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property</EM
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></A
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>. If there is no <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property</EM
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></A
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> with that <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_indicator"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property indicator</EM
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></A
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>, <VAR CLASS="param"
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>default</VAR
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> is returned. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_setf.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>setf</B
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></A
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> of <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>get</B
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></A
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> may be used to associate a new <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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> with an existing indicator already on the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>symbol</VAR
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>’s <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_list"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property list</EM
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></A
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>, or to create a new assocation if none exists. If there are multiple <EM CLASS="term"
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>properties</EM
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>1</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> with that <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property_indicator"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property indicator</EM
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></A
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>, <A HREF="f_setf.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>setf</B
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></A
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> of <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>get</B
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></A
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> associates the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>new-value</VAR
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> with the first such <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#property"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>property</EM
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></A
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>. When a <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>get</B
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#form"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>form</EM
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></A
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> is used as a <A HREF="f_setf.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>setf</B
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></A
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> <VAR CLASS="param"
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>place</VAR
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>, any <VAR CLASS="param"
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>default</VAR
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> which is supplied is evaluated according to normal left-to-right evaluation rules, but its <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#value"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>value</EM
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></A
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> is ignored.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Examples</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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> (defun make-person (first-name last-name)
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(let ((person (gensym "PERSON")))
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(setf (get person 'first-name) first-name)
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(setf (get person 'last-name) last-name)
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person)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> MAKE-PERSON
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(defvar *john* (make-person "John" "Dow")) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> *JOHN*
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*john* <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> #:PERSON4603
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(defvar *sally* (make-person "Sally" "Jones")) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> *SALLY*
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(get *john* 'first-name) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "John"
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(get *sally* 'last-name) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "Jones"
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(defun marry (man woman married-name)
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(setf (get man 'wife) woman)
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(setf (get woman 'husband) man)
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(setf (get man 'last-name) married-name)
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(setf (get woman 'last-name) married-name)
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married-name) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> MARRY
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(marry *john* *sally* "Dow-Jones") <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "Dow-Jones"
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(get *john* 'last-name) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "Dow-Jones"
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(get (get *john* 'wife) 'first-name) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> "Sally"
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(symbol-plist *john*)
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<SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> (WIFE #:PERSON4604 LAST-NAME "Dow-Jones" FIRST-NAME "John")
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(defmacro age (person &optional (default ''thirty-something))
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`(get ,person 'age ,default)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> AGE
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(age *john*) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> THIRTY-SOMETHING
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(age *john* 20) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 20
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(setf (age *john*) 25) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 25
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(age *john*) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 25
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(age *john* 20) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 25</PRE
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Exceptional Situations</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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>Should signal an error of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>type</EM
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></A
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> <A HREF="t_type-error.html" CLASS="typeref"
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><B
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>type-error</B
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></A
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> if <VAR CLASS="param"
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>symbol</VAR
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> is not a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>symbol</EM
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></A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>See Also</B
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></DT
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||
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><DD
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||
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><P CLASS="j"
|
||
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><A HREF="f_getf.html" CLASS="funref"
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||
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><B
|
||
|
>getf</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
>, <A HREF="f_symbol-plist.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>symbol-plist</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
>, <A HREF="f_remprop.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>remprop</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
></P
|
||
|
></DD
|
||
|
><DT
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>Notes</B
|
||
|
></DT
|
||
|
><DD
|
||
|
><PRE CLASS="screen"
|
||
|
>(get x y) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
|
||
|
><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16px;vertical-align:-2px"
|
||
|
>≡</SPAN
|
||
|
></SPAN
|
||
|
> (getf (symbol-plist x) y)</PRE
|
||
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
><A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#number"
|
||
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
||
|
>Numbers</EM
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
> and <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#character"
|
||
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
||
|
>characters</EM
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
> are not recommended for use as <VAR CLASS="param"
|
||
|
>indicators</VAR
|
||
|
> in portable code since <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>get</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
> tests with <A HREF="f_eq.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>eq</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
> rather than <A HREF="f_eql.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>eql</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
>, and consequently the effect of using such <VAR CLASS="param"
|
||
|
>indicators</VAR
|
||
|
> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#implementation-dependent"
|
||
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
||
|
>implementation-dependent</EM
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
>. </P
|
||
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
>There is no way using <A HREF="f_get.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>get</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
> to distinguish an absent property from one whose value is <VAR CLASS="param"
|
||
|
>default</VAR
|
||
|
>. However, see <A HREF="f_get-properties.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
><B
|
||
|
>get-properties</B
|
||
|
></A
|
||
|
>.</P
|
||
|
></DD
|
||
|
></DL
|
||
|
></DIV
|
||
|
></DIV
|
||
|
><DIV CLASS="footer"
|
||
|
><DIV CLASS="btmnav"
|
||
|
><A HREF="f_symbol-value.html" CLASS="prev"
|
||
|
>←</A
|
||
|
><A HREF="f_remprop.html" CLASS="next"
|
||
|
>→</A
|
||
|
></DIV
|
||
|
><DIV CLASS="trail"
|
||
|
>Conversion to HTML copyright 2023 by Gilbert Baumann</DIV
|
||
|
></DIV
|
||
|
></DIV
|
||
|
><SCRIPT
|
||
|
>domReady();</SCRIPT
|
||
|
></BODY
|
||
|
></HTML
|
||
|
>
|