682 lines
12 KiB
HTML
682 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<HTML LANG="en-us"
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>with-slots | Common Lisp Nova Spec</TITLE
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><A HREF="index.html"
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>Common Lisp Nova Spec</A
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="7_Objects.html"
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>7. Objects</A
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="7_7_Objects_Dictionary.html"
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>7.7 Objects Dictionary</A
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="f_with-slots.html"
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>with-slots</A
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><A HREF="f_with-accessors.html" CLASS="prev"
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>←</A
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>Apropos </SPAN
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><INPUT ID="apropos" AUTOFOCUS="AUTOFOCUS" PLACEHOLDER="Type here to search" ONINPUT="aproposInput(this);" ONKEYUP="aproposKeyup(event);" ONCHANGE="aproposChange(this);" ONFOCUS="aproposFocus(this);" ONFOCUSOUT="aproposFocusout(this);"
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="matter"
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><DIV CLASS="com"
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><TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
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><TR
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="100%" CLASS="name"
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><SPAN CLASS="idx" DATA-KIND="idxref" DATA-TERM="with-slots"
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></SPAN
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><B
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>with-slots</B
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="0" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" CLASS="ftype"
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><I
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>Macro</I
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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></DIV
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><UL CLASS="subtoc"
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></UL
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Syntax</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><DIV CLASS="DefmacWithValuesNewline"
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><DIV
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><B
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>with-slots</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>(</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>{</SPAN
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>slot-entry</VAR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>}</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>*)</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>instance-form</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>{</SPAN
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>declaration</VAR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>}</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>*</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>{</SPAN
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>form</VAR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>}</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>*</SPAN
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> </DIV
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><DIV
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>{</SPAN
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>result</VAR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>}</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>*</SPAN
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" RULES="GROUPS" STYLE="margin: 1ex 0"
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" STYLE=";padding-right:3px"
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" STYLE="padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>slot-entry</VAR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>::</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>=</SPAN
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" STYLE="padding-left:3px;"
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>slot-name</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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>|</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>(</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>variable-name</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>slot-name</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>)</SPAN
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></TD
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></TR
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></TBODY
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></TABLE
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Arguments and Values</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>slot-name</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#slot"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>slot</EM
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#name"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>name</EM
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></A
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>; not evaluated. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>variable-name</VAR
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> — a <EM CLASS="term"
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>variable name</EM
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>; not evaluated. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>instance-form</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#form"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>form</EM
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></A
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>; evaluted to produce <VAR CLASS="param"
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>instance</VAR
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>instance</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>declaration</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="m_declare.html" CLASS="misc"
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><B
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>declare</B
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#expression"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>expression</EM
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></A
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>; not evaluated. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>forms</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#implicit_progn"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>implicit progn</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>results</VAR
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> — the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#value"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>values</EM
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></A
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> returned by the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>forms</VAR
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Description</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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>The macro <A HREF="f_with-slots.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>with-slots</B
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#establish"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>establishes</EM
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></A
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> a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#lexical_environment"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>lexical environment</EM
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></A
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> for referring to the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#slot"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>slots</EM
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></A
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> in the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>instance</VAR
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> named by the given <VAR CLASS="param"
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>slot-names</VAR
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> as though they were <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#variable"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>variables</EM
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></A
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>. Within such a context the value of the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#slot"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>slot</EM
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></A
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> can be specified by using its slot name, as if it were a lexically bound variable. Both <A HREF="f_setf.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>setf</B
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></A
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> and <A HREF="f_setq.html" CLASS="specref"
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><B
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>setq</B
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></A
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> can be used to set the value of the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#slot"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>slot</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>The macro <A HREF="f_with-slots.html" CLASS="macref"
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><B
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>with-slots</B
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></A
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> translates an appearance of the slot name as a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#variable"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>variable</EM
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></A
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> into a call to <A HREF="f_slot-value.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>slot-value</B
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></A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Examples</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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> (defclass thing ()
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((x :initarg :x :accessor thing-x)
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(y :initarg :y :accessor thing-y)))
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<SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> #<STANDARD-CLASS THING 250020173>
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(defmethod (setf thing-x) :before (new-x (thing thing))
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(format t "~&Changing X from ~D to ~D in ~S.~%"
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(thing-x thing) new-x thing))
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(setq thing (make-instance 'thing :x 0 :y 1)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> #<THING 62310540>
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(with-slots (x y) thing (incf x) (incf y)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 2
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(values (thing-x thing) (thing-y thing)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> 1, 2
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(setq thing1 (make-instance 'thing :x 1 :y 2)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> #<THING 43135676>
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(setq thing2 (make-instance 'thing :x 7 :y 8)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> #<THING 43147374>
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(with-slots ((x1 x) (y1 y))
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thing1
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(with-slots ((x2 x) (y2 y))
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thing2
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(list (list x1 (thing-x thing1) y1 (thing-y thing1)
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x2 (thing-x thing2) y2 (thing-y thing2))
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(setq x1 (+ y1 x2))
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(list x1 (thing-x thing1) y1 (thing-y thing1)
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x2 (thing-x thing2) y2 (thing-y thing2))
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(setf (thing-x thing2) (list x1))
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(list x1 (thing-x thing1) y1 (thing-y thing1)
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x2 (thing-x thing2) y2 (thing-y thing2)))))
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<SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>⊳</SPAN
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> Changing X from 7 to (9) in #<THING 43147374>.
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<SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> ((1 1 2 2 7 7 8 8)
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9
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(9 9 2 2 7 7 8 8)
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(9)
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(9 9 2 2 (9) (9) 8 8))</PRE
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Affected By</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_defclass.html" CLASS="macref"
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|
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><B
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>defclass</B
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></A
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|
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></P
|
||
|
|
></DD
|
||
|
|
><DT
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>Exceptional Situations</B
|
||
|
|
></DT
|
||
|
|
><DD
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>The consequences are undefined if any <VAR CLASS="param"
|
||
|
|
>slot-name</VAR
|
||
|
|
> is not the name of a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#slot"
|
||
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
||
|
|
>slot</EM
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
> in the <VAR CLASS="param"
|
||
|
|
>instance</VAR
|
||
|
|
>.</P
|
||
|
|
></DD
|
||
|
|
><DT
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>See Also</B
|
||
|
|
></DT
|
||
|
|
><DD
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
><A HREF="f_with-accessors.html" CLASS="macref"
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>with-accessors</B
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_slot-value.html" CLASS="funref"
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>slot-value</B
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_symbol-macrolet.html" CLASS="specref"
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>symbol-macrolet</B
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
></P
|
||
|
|
></DD
|
||
|
|
><DT
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>Notes</B
|
||
|
|
></DT
|
||
|
|
><DD
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>A <A HREF="f_with-slots.html" CLASS="macref"
|
||
|
|
><B
|
||
|
|
>with-slots</B
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
> expression of the form:</P
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="displaymath"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(with-slots</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>(</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>1</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>n</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>)</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>instance-form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>1</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>k</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>)</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>expands into the equivalent of</P
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="displaymath"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(let</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>((</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>in</I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>instance-form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>))</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(symbol-macrolet</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>Q</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>1</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>Q</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>n</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>)</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>1</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>.</I
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>form</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>k</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>))</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>where <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>Q</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> is</P
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="displaymath"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>()</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(slot-value</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>in</I
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>’</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>))</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>if <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> is a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
|
||
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
||
|
|
>symbol</EM
|
||
|
|
></A
|
||
|
|
> and is</P
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="displaymath"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>variable-name</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>()</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(slot-value</SPAN
|
||
|
|
> <I
|
||
|
|
>in</I
|
||
|
|
> <SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
||
|
|
>’</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-name</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>))</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
||
|
|
>if <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-entry</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> is of the form</P
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="displaymath"
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>(</SPAN
|
||
|
|
><I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>variable-name</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
> <I CLASS="i"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>slot-name</I
|
||
|
|
></I
|
||
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
||
|
|
><I
|
||
|
|
>i</I
|
||
|
|
></SUB
|
||
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
|
||
|
|
>)</SPAN
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
></DD
|
||
|
|
></DL
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="footer"
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="btmnav"
|
||
|
|
><A HREF="f_with-accessors.html" CLASS="prev"
|
||
|
|
>←</A
|
||
|
|
><A HREF="f_defclass.html" CLASS="next"
|
||
|
|
>→</A
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><DIV CLASS="trail"
|
||
|
|
>Conversion to HTML copyright 2023 by Gilbert Baumann</DIV
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
></DIV
|
||
|
|
><SCRIPT
|
||
|
|
>domReady();</SCRIPT
|
||
|
|
></BODY
|
||
|
|
></HTML
|
||
|
|
>
|