73 lines
49 KiB
HTML
73 lines
49 KiB
HTML
|
<!doctype html>
|
|||
|
|
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="docs-wrapper plugin-docs plugin-id-default docs-version-current docs-doc-page docs-doc-id-chap-26/e" data-has-hydrated="false">
|
|||
|
|
<head>
|
|||
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|||
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v3.0.1">
|
|||
|
|
<title data-rh="true">E | Common Lisp (New) Language Reference</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://lisp-docs.github.io/cl-language-reference/img/1024px-Lisp_logo.svg.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://lisp-docs.github.io/cl-language-reference/img/1024px-Lisp_logo.svg.png"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://lisp-docs.github.io/cl-language-reference/chap-26/e"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="google-site-verification" content="Vzaw013_bfdKeUVG89Ch3W1zC9_vH9ID2dPB9Dz0vr0"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="E | Common Lisp (New) Language Reference"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="E"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="E"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="../img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="e.html"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="e.html" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="e.html" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://C1F2Q5VM6X-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
|
|||
|
|
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-8TJCE4NSF8"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script>function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],gtag("js",new Date),gtag("config","G-8TJCE4NSF8",{})</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Common Lisp (New) Language Reference" href="../opensearch.xml"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/css/styles.f13b59fe.css">
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../assets/js/runtime~main.02699c25.js" defer="defer"></script>
|
|||
|
|
<script src="../assets/js/main.4f0a7a76.js" defer="defer"></script>
|
|||
|
|
</head>
|
|||
|
|
<body class="navigation-with-keyboard">
|
|||
|
|
<script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){try{return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("docusaurus-theme")}catch(t){}}()||function(){try{return localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}(),function(){try{const c=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).entries();for(var[t,e]of c)if(t.startsWith("docusaurus-data-")){var a=t.replace("docusaurus-data-","data-");document.documentElement.setAttribute(a,e)}}catch(t){}}()</script><div id="__docusaurus"><div role="region" aria-label="Skip to main content"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="e.html#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">Skip to main content</a></div><nav aria-label="Main" class="navbar navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation bar" aria-expanded="false" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a href="../../index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__brand"><div class="navbar__logo"><img src="../img/logo.svg" alt="Lisp Logo" class="themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--light_NVdE"><img src="../img/logo.svg" alt="Lisp Logo" class="themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--dark_xIcU"></div><b class="navbar__title text--truncate">Common Lisp Docs</b></a><a href="../../docs/tutorial/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Tutorial</a><a href="../index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Technical Reference</a><a href="../../docs/whylisp.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Why Lisp?</a><a href="../../docs/howto.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Guides</a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><a href="../../docs/contribute.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Contribute!</a><a href="../../docs/help.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Getting Help</a><a href="../../docs/about.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">About</a><a href="../../blog.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">Blog</a><a href="https://github.com/lisp-docs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">GitHub<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a><div class="toggle_vylO colorModeToggle_DEke"><button class="clean-btn toggleButton_gllP toggleButtonDisabled_aARS" type="button" disabled="" title="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-label="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-live="polite"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="lightToggleIcon_pyhR"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12,9c1.65,0,3,1.35,3,3s-1.35,3-3,3s-3-1.35-3-3S10.35,9,12,9 M12,7c-2.76,0-5,2.24-5,5s2.24,5,5,5s5-2.24,5-5 S14.76,7,12,7L12,7z M2,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S1.45,13,2,13z M20,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1 s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S19.45,13,20,13z M11,2v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1V2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1S11,1.45,11,2z M11,20v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1v-2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1C11.45,19,11,19.45,11,20z M5.99,4.58c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0 c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0s0.39-1.03,0-1.41L5.99,4.58z M18.36,16.95 c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41 L18.36,16.95z M19.42,5.99c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>echo stream</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>stream</i></span> of <span><i>type</i></span> <span><b>echo-stream</b></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>effective method</strong> <em>n.</em> the combination of <span><i>applicable methods</i></span> that are executed when a <span><i>generic function</i></span> is invoked with a particular sequence of <span><i>arguments</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>element</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. (of a <span><i>list</i></span>) an <span><i>object</i></span> that is the <span><i>car</i></span> of one of the <em>conses</em> that comprise the <span><i>list</i></span>. 2. (of an <span><i>array</i></span>) an <span><i>object</i></span> that is stored in the <span><i>array</i></span>. 3. (of a <em>sequence</em>) an <span><i>object</i></span> that is an <span><i>element</i></span> of the <span><i>list</i></span> or <span><i>array</i></span> that is the <em>sequence</em>. 4. (of a <span><i>type</i></span>) an <span><i>object</i></span> that is a member of the set of <span><i>objects</i></span> designated by the <span><i>type</i></span>. 5. (of an <span><i>input</i></span></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><i>stream</i></span>) a <span><i>character</i></span> or <span><i>number</i></span> (as appropriate to the <span><i>element type</i></span> of the <span><i>stream</i></span>) that is among the ordered series of <span><i>objects</i></span> that can be read from the <span><i>stream</i></span> (using <span><b>read-char</b></span> or <span><b>read-byte</b></span>, as appropriate to the <span><i>stream</i></span>). 6. (of an <em>output stream</em>) a</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><i>character</i></span> or <span><i>number</i></span> (as appropriate to the <span><i>element type</i></span> of the <span><i>stream</i></span>) that is among the ordered series of <span><i>objects</i></span> that has been or will be written to the <span><i>stream</i></span> (using <span><b>write-char</b></span> or <span><b>write-byte</b></span>, as appropriate to the <span><i>stream</i></span>). 7. (of a <span><i>class</i></span>) a <span><i>generalized instance</i></span> of the <span><i>class</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>element type</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. (of an <span><i>array</i></span>) the <span><i>array element type</i></span> of the <span><i>array</i></span>. 2. (of a <span><i>stream</i></span>) the <span><i>stream element type</i></span> of the <span><i>stream</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>em</strong> <em>n. Trad.</em> a context-dependent unit of measure commonly used in typesetting, equal to the displayed width of of a letter “M” in the current font. (The letter “M” is traditionally chosen because it is typically represented by the widest <span><i>glyph</i></span> in the font, and other characters’ widths are typically fractions of an <span><i>em</i></span>. In implementations providing non-Roman characters with wider characters than “M,” it is permissible for another character to be the <span><i>implementation-defined</i></span> reference character for this measure, and for “M” to be only a fraction of an <span><i>em</i></span> wide.) In a fixed width font, a line with <em>n</em> characters is <em>n ems</em> wide; in a variable width font, <em>n ems</em> is the expected upper bound on the width of such a line.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>empty list</strong> <em>n.</em> the <span><i>list</i></span> containing no <span><i>elements</i></span>. See <em>()</em>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>empty type</strong> <em>n.</em> the <span><i>type</i></span> that contains no <span><i>elements</i></span>, and that is a <span><i>subtype</i></span> of all <span><i>types</i></span> (including itself). See <span><i>nil</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>end of file</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. the point in an <em>input stream</em> beyond which there is no further data. Whether or not there is such a point on an <span><i>interactive stream</i></span> is <em>implementation defined</em>. 2. a <span><i>situation</i></span> that occurs upon an attempt to obtain data from an <em>input stream</em> that is at the <span><i>end of file</i></span><sub>1</sub>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>environment</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. a set of <span><i>bindings</i></span>. See Section 3.1.1 (Introduction to Environments). 2. an <span><i>environment object</i></span>. “<span><b>macroexpand</b></span> takes an optional environment argument.”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>environment object</strong> <em>n.</em> an <span><i>object</i></span> representing a set of <span><i>lexical bindings</i></span>, used in the processing of a <span><i>form</i></span> to provide meanings for <span><i>names</i></span> within that <span><i>form</i></span>. “<span><b>macroexpand</b></span> takes an optional environment argument.” (The <span><i>object</i></span> <span><b>nil</b></span> when used as an <span><i>environment object</i></span> denotes the <span><i>null lexical environment</i></span>; the <span><i>values</i></span> of <span><i>environment parameters</i></span> to <span><i>macro functions</i></span> are <span><i>objects</i></span> of <span><i>implementation-dependent</i></span> nature which represent the <span><i>environment</i></span><sub>1</sub> in which the corresponding <span><i>macro form</i></span> is to be expanded.) See Section 3.1.1.4 (Environment Objects).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>environment parameter</strong> <em>n.</em> A <span><i>parameter</i></span> in a <em>defining form f</em> for which there is no corresponding <span><i>argument</i></span>; instead, this <span><i>parameter</i></span> receives as its value an <span><i>environment object</i></span> which corresponds to the <span><i>lexical environment</i></span> in which the <em>defining form f</em> appeared.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><b>error</b></span> <em>n.</em> 1. (only in the phrase “is an error”) a <span><i>situation</i></span> in which the semantics of a program are not specified, and in which the consequences are undefined. 2. a <span><i>condition</i></span> which represents an <em>error situation</em>. See Section 1.4.2 (Error Terminology). 3. an <span><i>object</i></span> of <span><i>type</i></span> <span><b>error</b></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>error output</strong> <em>n.</em> the <em>output stream</em> which is the <span><i>value</i></span> of the <span><i>dynamic variable</i></span></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>*error-output*</strong>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>escape</strong> <em>n.</em>, <em>adj.</em> 1. <em>n.</em> a <span><i>single escape</i></span> or a <span><i>multiple escape</i></span>. 2. <em>adj. single escape</em> or <span><i>multiple escape</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>establish</strong> <em>v.t.</em> to build or bring into being a <span><i>binding</i></span>, a <span><i>declaration</i></span>, an <span><i>exit point</i></span>, a <span><i>tag</i></span>, a <span><i>handler</i></span> , a <span><i>restart</i></span>, or an <span><i>environment</i></span>. “<span><b>let</b></span> establishes lexical bindings.”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>evaluate</strong> <em>v.t.</em> (a <span><i>form</i></span> or an <span><i>implicit progn</i></span>) to <span><i>execute</i></span> the <span><i>code</i></span> represented by the <span><i>form</i></span> (or the series of <span><i>forms</i></span> making up the <span><i>implicit progn</i></span>) by applying the rules of <span><i>evaluation</i></span>, returning zero or more values.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>evaluation</strong> <em>n.</em> a model whereby <span><i>forms</i></span> are <em>executed</em>, returning zero or more values. Such execution might be implemented directly in one step by an interpreter or in two steps by first <em>compiling</em> the <span><i>form</i></span> and then <em>executing</em> the <span><i>compiled code</i></span>; this choice is dependent both on context and the nature of the <span><i>implementation</i></span>, but in any case is not in general detectable by any program. The evaluation model is designed in such a way that a <span><i>conforming implementation</i></span> might legitimately have only a compiler and no interpreter, or vice versa. See Section 3.1.2 (The Evaluation Model).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>evaluation environment</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>run-time environment</i></span> in which macro expanders and code specified by <span><b>eval-when</b></span> to be evaluated are evaluated. All evaluations initiated by the <span><i>compiler</i></span> take place in the <span><i>evaluation environment</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>execute</strong> <em>v.t. Trad.</em> (<span><i>code</i></span>) to perform the imperative actions represented by the <span><i>code</i></span>. <strong>execution time</strong> <em>n.</em> the duration of time that <span><i>compiled code</i></span> is being <em>executed</em>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>exhaustive partition</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>type</i></span>) a set of <em>pairwise disjoint types</em> that form an <span><i>exhaustive union</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>exhaustive union</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>type</i></span>) a set of <span><i>subtypes</i></span> of the <span><i>type</i></span>, whose union contains all <span><i>elements</i></span> of that <span><i>type</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>exit point</strong> <em>n.</em> a point in a <span><i>control form</i></span> from which (<em>e.g.</em>, <span><b>block</b></span>), through which (<em>e.g.</em>, <span><b>unwind-protect</b></span>), or to which (<em>e.g.</em>, <span><b>tagbody</b></span>) control and possibly <span><i>values</i></span> can be transferred both actively by using another <span><i>control form</i></span> and passively through the normal control and data flow of <span><i>evaluation</i></span>. “<span><b>catch</b></span> and <span><b>block</b></span> establish bindings for exit points to which <span><b>throw</b></span> and <span><b>return-from</b></span>, respectively, can transfer control and values; <span><b>tagbody</b></span> establishes a binding for an exit point with lexical extent to which <span><b>go</b></span> can transfer control; and <span><b>unwind-protect</b></span> establishes an exit point through which control might be transferred by operators such as <span><b>throw</b></span>, <span><b>return-from</b></span>, and <span><b>go</b></span>.”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>explicit return</strong> <em>n.</em> the act of transferring control (and possibly <span><i>values</i></span>) to a <span><i>block</i></span> by using <span><b>return-from</b></span> (or <span><b>return</b></span>).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>explicit use</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <em>variable V</em> in a <em>form F</em>) a reference to <em>V</em> that is directly apparent in the normal semantics of <em>F</em>; <em>i.e.</em>, that does not expose any undocumented details of the <span><i>macro expansion</i></span> of the <span><i>form</i></span> itself. References to <em>V</em> exposed by expanding <span><i>subforms</i></span> of <em>F</em> are, however, considered to be <span><i>explicit uses</i></span> of <em>V</em> .</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>exponent marker</strong> <em>n.</em> a character that is used in the textual notation for a <span><i>float</i></span> to separate the mantissa from the exponent. The characters defined as <span><i>exponent markers</i></span> in the <span><i>standard readtable</i></span> are shown in Figure 26–1. For more information, see Section 2.1 (Character Syntax). “The exponent marker ‘d’ in ‘3.0d7’ indicates that this</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>number is to be represented as a double float.”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>|<strong>Marker Meaning</strong>|</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>| :- |</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>|</p><p>D or d <span><b>double-float</b></span> </p><p>E or e <span><b>float</b></span> (see <span><b>*read-default-float-format*</b></span>) </p><p>F or f <span><b>single-float</b></span> </p><p>L or l <span><b>long-float</b></span> </p><p>S or s <span><b>short-float</b></span></p>|<p></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Figure 26–1. Exponent Markers</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><b>export</b></span> <em>v.t.</em> (a <span><i>symbol</i></span> in a <span><i>package</i></span>) to add the <span><i>symbol</i></span> to the list of <span><i>external symbols</i></span> of the <span><i>package</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>exported</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of a <span><i>symbol</i></span> in a <span><i>package</i></span>) being an <span><i>external symbol</i></span> of the <span><i>package</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>expressed adjustability</strong> <em>n.</em> (of an <span><i>array</i></span>) a <span><i>generalized boolean</i></span> that is conceptually (but not necessarily actually) associated with the <span><i>array</i></span>, representing whether the <span><i>array</i></span> is <span><i>expressly adjustable</i></span>. See also <span><i>actual adjustability</i></span>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>expressed array element type</strong> <em>n.</em> (of an <span><i>array</i></span>) the <span><i>type</i></span> which is the <span><i>array element type</i></span> implied by a <span><i>type declaration</i></span> for the <span><i>array</i></span>, or which is the requested <span><i>array</i></span></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><i>element type</i></span> at its time of creation, prior to any selection of an <span><i>upgraded array element type</i></span>. (Common Lisp does not provide a way of detecting this <span><i>type</i></span> directly at run time, but an <span><i>implementation</i></span> is permitted to make assumptions about the <span><i>array</i></span>’s contents and the operations which may be performed on the <span><i>array</i></span> when this <span><i>type</i></span> is noted during code analysis, even if those assumptions would not be valid in general for the <span><i>upgraded array element type</i></span> of the <span><i>expressed array element type</i></span>.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>expressed complex part type</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>complex</i></span> ) the <span><i>type</i></span> which is implied as the <span><i>complex part type</i></span> by a <span><i>type declaration</i></span> for the <span><i>complex</i></span> , or which is the requested <span><i>complex part type</i></span> at its time of creation, prior to any selection of an <span><i>upgraded complex part type</i></span>. (Common Lisp does not provide a way of detecting this <span><i>type</i></span> directly at run time, but an <span><i>implementation</i></span> is permitted to make assumptions about the operations which may be performed on the <span><i>complex</i></span> when this <span><i>type</i></span> is noted during code analysis, even if those assumptions would not be valid in general for the <span><i>upgraded complex part type</i></span> of the <span><i>expressed complex part type</i></span>.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>expression</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. an <span><i>object</i></span>, often used to emphasize the use of the <span><i>object</i></span> to encode or represent information in a specialized format, such as program text. “The second expression in a <span><b>let</b></span> form is a list of bindings.” 2. the textual notation used to notate an <span><i>object</i></span> in a source file. “The expression ’sample is equivalent to (quote sample).”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>expressly adjustable</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of an <span><i>array</i></span>) being <span><i>actually adjustable</i></span> by virtue of an explicit request for this characteristic having been made at the time of its creation. All <span><i>arrays</i></span> that are <span><i>expressly adjustable</i></span> are <span><i>actually adjustable</i></span>, but not necessarily vice versa.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>extended character</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>character</i></span> of <span><i>type</i></span> <span><b>extended-char</b></span>: a <span><i>character</i></span> that is not a <span><i>base character</i></span> .</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>extended function designator</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>designator</i></span> for a <span><i>function</i></span>; that is, an <span><i>object</i></span> that denotes a <span><i>function</i></span> and that is one of: a <span><i>function name</i></span> (denoting the <span><i>function</i></span> it names in the <span><i>global environment</i></span>), or a <span><i>function</i></span> (denoting itself). The consequences are undefined if a <span><i>function name</i></span> is used as an <span><i>extended function designator</i></span> but it does not have a global definition as a <span><i>function</i></span>, or if it is a <span><i>symbol</i></span> that has a global definition as a <span><i>macro</i></span> or a <span><i>special form</i></span>. See also <span><i>function designator</i></span> .</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>extended lambda list</strong> <em>n.</em> a list resembling an <span><i>ordinary lambda list</i></span> in form and</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>purpose, but offering additional syntax or functionality not available in an <span><i>ordinary lambda list</i></span>. “<span><b>defmacro</b></span> uses extended lambda lists.”</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>extension</strong> <em>n.</em> a facility in an <span><i>implementation</i></span> of Common Lisp that is not specified by this standard.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>extent</strong> <em>n.</em> the interval of time during which a <span><i>reference</i></span> to an <span><i>object</i></span>, a <span><i>binding</i></span>, an <span><i>exit point</i></span>, a <span><i>tag</i></span>, a <span><i>handler</i></span> , a <span><i>restart</i></span>, or an <span><i>environment</i></span> is defined.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>external file format</strong> <em>n.</em> an <span><i>object</i></span> of <span><i>implementation-dependent</i></span> nature which</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>determines one of possibly several <span><i>implementation-dependent</i></span> ways in which <span><i>characters</i></span> are encoded externally in a <em>character file</em>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>external file format designator</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>designator</i></span> for an <span><i>external file format</i></span>; that is, an <span><i>object</i></span> that denotes an <span><i>external file format</i></span> and that is one of: the <span><i>symbol</i></span></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>:default<!-- --> (denoting an <span><i>implementation-dependent</i></span> default <span><i>external file format</i></span> that can accomodate at least the <span><i>base characters</i></span>), some other <span><i>object</i></span> defined by the</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span><i>implementation</i></span> to be an <span><i>external file format designator</i></span> (denoting an <em>implementation defined external file format</em>), or some other <span><i>object</i></span> defined by the <span><i>implementation</i></span> to be an <span><i>external file format</i></span> (denoting itself).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>external symbol</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>package</i></span>) a <span><i>symbol</i></span> that is part of the ‘external interface’ to the <span><i>package</i></span> and that are <em>inherited</em> <sub>3</sub> by any other <span><i>package</i></span> that <span><i>uses</i></span> the <span><i>package</i></span>. When using the <em>Lisp reader</em> , if a <span><i>package prefix</i></span> is used, the <span><i>name</i></span> of an <span><i>external symbol</i></span> is separated from the <em>package name</em> by a single <span><i>package marker</i></span> while the <span><i>name</i></span> of an <span><i>internal symbol</i></span> is separated from the <em>package name</em> by a double <span><i>package marker</i></span> ; see Section 2.3.4 (Symbols as Tokens).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>externalizable object</strong> <em>n.</em> an <span><i>object</i></span> that can be used as a <em>literal object</em> in <span><i>code</i></span> to be processed by the <span><i>file compiler</i></span> .</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/lisp-docs/cl-language-reference/tree/main/docs/chap-26/e.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> by <b>daninus14</b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="d.html"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">D</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="f.html"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">F</div></a></nav></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Docs</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="../../docs/tutorial.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Common Lisp Tutorial</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="../index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Common Lisp Technical Reference</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="../../docs/help.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Help</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/common-lisp" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Stack Overflow<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://discord.gg/hhk46CE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Discord<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/common_lisp" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Reddit<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://irclog.tymoon.eu/libera/commonlisp" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">IRC<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">More</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="../../blog.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Blog</a></l
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</html>
|