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47 lines
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<TITLE>CLHS: Section 21.1.1</TITLE>
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<H1><A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LISPWORKS]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)]" SRC="../Graphics/CLHS_Sm.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> <A REL=PREV HREF="21_a.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Previous]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=UP HREF="21_a.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=NEXT HREF="21_aaa.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A></H1>
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<H2>
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21.1.1 Introduction to Streams</H2> <P>
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A <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> is an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that can be used with an input or output function to identify an appropriate source or sink of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>characters</I></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#byte"><I>bytes</I></A> for that operation. A <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> is a source or sink of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>characters</I></A>. A <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#binary"><I>binary</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> is a source or sink of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#byte"><I>bytes</I></A>. <P>
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Some operations may be performed on any kind of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>; the next figure provides a list of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#standardized"><I>standardized</I></A> operations that are potentially useful with any kind of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>. <P>
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<PRE>
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<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_close.htm#close">close</A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_stm_el.htm#stream-element-type">stream-element-type</A>
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<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_in_stm.htm#input-stream-p">input-stream-p</A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_stmp.htm#streamp">streamp</A>
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<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_intera.htm#interactive-stream-p">interactive-stream-p</A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="m_w_op_1.htm#with-open-stream">with-open-stream</A>
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<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_in_stm.htm#output-stream-p">output-stream-p</A>
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</PRE>
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<P><B>Figure 21-1. Some General-Purpose Stream Operations</B> <P>
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Other operations are only meaningful on certain <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>types</I></A>. For example, <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_rd_cha.htm#read-char"><B>read-char</B></A> is only defined for <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>streams</I></A> and <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_rd_by.htm#read-byte"><B>read-byte</B></A> is only defined for <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#binary"><I>binary</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>streams</I></A>. <P>
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<A REL=CHILD HREF="21_aaa.htm"><H2>
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21.1.1.1 Abstract Classifications of Streams</H2></A><P>
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<A REL=CHILD HREF="21_aab.htm"><H2>
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21.1.1.2 Abstract Classifications of Streams</H2></A><P>
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<A REL=CHILD HREF="21_aac.htm"><H2>
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21.1.1.3 Other Subclasses of Stream</H2></A><P><HR>
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