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51 lines
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<TITLE>CLHS: Section 22.3.8.1</TITLE>
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<H1><A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LISPWORKS]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)]" SRC="../Graphics/CLHS_Sm.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> <A REL=PREV HREF="22_ch.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Previous]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=UP HREF="22_ch.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=NEXT HREF="22_chb.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A></H1>
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<H2>
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22.3.8.1 Tilde Left-Paren: Case Conversion</H2> <P>
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<TT>~(</TT><I>str</I><TT>~)</TT> <P>
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The contained control string <I>str</I> is processed, and what it produces is subject to case conversion. <P>
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With no flags, every <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#uppercase"><I>uppercase</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> is converted to the corresponding <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#lowercase"><I>lowercase</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A>. <P>
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<TT>~:(</TT> capitalizes all words, as if by <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_stg_up.htm#string-capitalize"><B>string-capitalize</B></A>. <P>
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<TT>~@(</TT> capitalizes just the first word and forces the rest to lower case. <P>
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<TT>~:@(</TT> converts every lowercase character to the corresponding uppercase character. <P>
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In this example <TT>~@(</TT> is used to cause the first word produced by <TT>~@R</TT> to be capitalized: <P>
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<PRE>
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(format nil "~@R ~(~@R~)" 14 14)
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=> "XIV xiv"
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(defun f (n) (format nil "~@(~R~) error~:P detected." n)) => F
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(f 0) => "Zero errors detected."
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(f 1) => "One error detected."
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(f 23) => "Twenty-three errors detected."
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</PRE>
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</TT> <P>
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When case conversions appear nested, the outer conversion dominates, as illustrated in the following example: <P>
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<PRE>
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(format nil "~@(how is ~:(BOB SMITH~)?~)")
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=> "How is bob smith?"
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NOT=> "How is Bob Smith?"
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</PRE>
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