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<!-- Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM), version 7.0 generated by Kent M. Pitman on Mon, 11-Apr-2005 2:31am EDT -->
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<TITLE>CLHS: Glossary-Section E</TITLE>
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<H1><A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LISPWORKS]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)]" SRC="../Graphics/CLHS_Sm.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> <A REL=PREV HREF="26_glo_d.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Previous]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=UP HREF="26_a.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=NEXT HREF="26_glo_f.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A></H1>
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<B>E</B> <P>
<P><A NAME="echo_stream"><B>echo stream</B></A> <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_echo_s.htm#echo-stream"><B>echo-stream</B></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="effective_method"><B>effective method</B></A> <I>n.</I> the combination of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#applicable_method"><I>applicable methods</I></A> that are executed when a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_g.htm#generic_function"><I>generic function</I></A> is invoked with a particular sequence of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#argument"><I>arguments</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="element"><B>element</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#list"><I>list</I></A>) an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that is the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#car"><I>car</I></A> of one of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#cons"><I>conses</I></A> that comprise the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#list"><I>list</I></A>. 2. (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>) an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that is stored in the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>. 3. (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#sequence"><I>sequence</I></A>) an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that is an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element"><I>element</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#list"><I>list</I></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A> that is the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#sequence"><I>sequence</I></A>. 4. (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>) an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that is a member of the set of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>objects</I></A> designated by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>. 5. (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#input"><I>input</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>) a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#number"><I>number</I></A> (as appropriate to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element_type"><I>element type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>) that is among the ordered series of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>objects</I></A> that can be read from the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> (using <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_rd_cha.htm#read-char"><B>read-char</B></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_rd_by.htm#read-byte"><B>read-byte</B></A>, as appropriate to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>). 6. (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#output"><I>output</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>) a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#number"><I>number</I></A> (as appropriate to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element_type"><I>element type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>) that is among the ordered series of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>objects</I></A> that has been or will be written to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> (using <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_wr_cha.htm#write-char"><B>write-char</B></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_wr_by.htm#write-byte"><B>write-byte</B></A>, as appropriate to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>). 7. (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#class"><I>class</I></A>) a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_g.htm#generalized_instance"><I>generalized instance</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#class"><I>class</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="element_type"><B>element type</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>) the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array_element_type"><I>array element type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>. 2. (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>) the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream_element_type"><I>stream element type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="em"><B>em</B></A> <I>n.</I> <I>Trad.</I> a context-dependent unit of measure commonly used in typesetting, equal to the displayed width of of a letter ``M'' in the current font. (The letter ``M'' is traditionally chosen because it is typically represented by the widest <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_g.htm#glyph"><I>glyph</I></A> in the font, and other characters' widths are typically fractions of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#em"><I>em</I></A>. In implementations providing non-Roman characters with wider characters than ``M,'' it is permissible for another character to be the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-defined"><I>implementation-defined</I></A> reference character for this measure, and for ``M'' to be only a fraction of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#em"><I>em</I></A> wide.) In a fixed width font, a line with <I>n</I> characters is <I>n</I> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#em"><I>ems</I></A> wide; in a variable width font, <I>n</I> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#em"><I>ems</I></A> is the expected upper bound on the width of such a line. <P>
<P><A NAME="empty_list"><B>empty list</B></A> <I>n.</I> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#list"><I>list</I></A> containing no <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element"><I>elements</I></A>. See <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_9.htm#OPCP"><I>()</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="empty_type"><B>empty type</B></A> <I>n.</I> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> that contains no <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element"><I>elements</I></A>, and that is a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#subtype"><I>subtype</I></A> of all <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>types</I></A> (including itself). See <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#nil"><I>nil</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="end_of_file"><B>end of file</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. the point in an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#input"><I>input</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> beyond which there is no further data. Whether or not there is such a point on an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#interactive_stream"><I>interactive stream</I></A> is <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-defined"><I>implementation-defined</I></A>. 2. a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#situation"><I>situation</I></A> that occurs upon an attempt to obtain data from an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#input"><I>input</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> that is at the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#end_of_file"><I>end of file</I></A>[1]. <P>
<P><A NAME="environment"><B>environment</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. a set of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#binding"><I>bindings</I></A>. See <A REL=CHILD HREF="03_aa.htm">Section 3.1.1 (Introduction to Environments)</A>. 2. an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment_object"><I>environment object</I></A>. ``<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_mexp_.htm#macroexpand"><B>macroexpand</B></A> takes an optional environment argument.'' <P>
<P><A NAME="environment_object"><B>environment object</B></A> <I>n.</I> an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> representing a set of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#lexical_binding"><I>lexical bindings</I></A>, used in the processing of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> to provide meanings for <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#name"><I>names</I></A> within that <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A>. ``<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="f_mexp_.htm#macroexpand"><B>macroexpand</B></A> takes an optional environment argument.'' (The <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="a_nil.htm#nil"><B>nil</B></A> when used as an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment_object"><I>environment object</I></A> denotes the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#null_lexical_environment"><I>null lexical environment</I></A>; the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_v.htm#value"><I>values</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment_parameter"><I>environment parameters</I></A> to <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#macro_function"><I>macro functions</I></A> are <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>objects</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-dependent"><I>implementation-dependent</I></A> nature which represent the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment"><I>environment</I></A>[1] in which the corresponding <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#macro_form"><I>macro form</I></A> is to be expanded.) See <A REL=CHILD HREF="03_aad.htm">Section 3.1.1.4 (Environment Objects)</A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="environment_parameter"><B>environment parameter</B></A> <I>n.</I> A <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#parameter"><I>parameter</I></A> in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#defining_form"><I>defining form</I></A> f for which there is no corresponding <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#argument"><I>argument</I></A>; instead, this <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#parameter"><I>parameter</I></A> receives as its value an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment"><I>environment</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> which corresponds to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#lexical_environment"><I>lexical environment</I></A> in which the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#defining_form"><I>defining form</I></A> f appeared. <P>
<P><A NAME="error"><B>error</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. (only in the phrase ``is an error'') a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#situation"><I>situation</I></A> in which the semantics of a program are not specified, and in which the consequences are undefined. 2. a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#condition"><I>condition</I></A> which represents an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#error"><I>error</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#situation"><I>situation</I></A>. See <A REL=CHILD HREF="01_db.htm">Section 1.4.2 (Error Terminology)</A>. 3. an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="e_error.htm#error"><B>error</B></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="error_output"><B>error output</B></A> <I>n.</I> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#output"><I>output</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#stream"><I>stream</I></A> which is the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_v.htm#value"><I>value</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#dynamic_variable"><I>dynamic variable</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="v_debug_.htm#STerror-outputST"><B>*error-output*</B></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="escape"><B>escape</B></A> <I>n.</I>, <I>adj.</I> 1. <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#single_escape"><I>single escape</I></A> or a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#multiple_escape"><I>multiple escape</I></A>. 2. <I>adj.</I> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#single_escape"><I>single escape</I></A> or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#multiple_escape"><I>multiple escape</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="establish"><B>establish</B></A> <I>v.t.</I> to build or bring into being a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#binding"><I>binding</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#declaration"><I>declaration</I></A>, an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#exit_point"><I>exit point</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#tag"><I>tag</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_h.htm#handler"><I>handler</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_r.htm#restart"><I>restart</I></A>, or an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment"><I>environment</I></A>. ``<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_let_l.htm#let"><B>let</B></A> establishes lexical bindings.'' <P>
<P><A NAME="evaluate"><B>evaluate</B></A> <I>v.t.</I> (a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> or an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implicit_progn"><I>implicit progn</I></A>) to <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#execute"><I>execute</I></A> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#code"><I>code</I></A> represented by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> (or the series of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>forms</I></A> making up the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implicit_progn"><I>implicit progn</I></A>) by applying the rules of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#evaluation"><I>evaluation</I></A>, returning zero or more values. <P>
<P><A NAME="evaluation"><B>evaluation</B></A> <I>n.</I> a model whereby <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>forms</I></A> are <I>executed</I>, returning zero or more values. Such execution might be implemented directly in one step by an interpreter or in two steps by first <I>compiling</I> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> and then <I>executing</I> the <I>compiled</I> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#code"><I>code</I></A>; this choice is dependent both on context and the nature of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A>, but in any case is not in general detectable by any program. The evaluation model is designed in such a way that a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#conforming_implementation"><I>conforming implementation</I></A> might legitimately have only a compiler and no interpreter, or vice versa. See <A REL=CHILD HREF="03_ab.htm">Section 3.1.2 (The Evaluation Model)</A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="evaluation_environment"><B>evaluation environment</B></A> <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_r.htm#run-time_environment"><I>run-time environment</I></A> in which macro expanders and code specified by <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_eval_w.htm#eval-when"><B>eval-when</B></A> to be evaluated are evaluated. All evaluations initiated by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#compiler"><I>compiler</I></A> take place in the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#evaluation_environment"><I>evaluation environment</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="execute"><B>execute</B></A> <I>v.t.</I> <I>Trad.</I> (<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#code"><I>code</I></A>) to perform the imperative actions represented by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#code"><I>code</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="execution_time"><B>execution time</B></A> <I>n.</I> the duration of time that <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#compiled_code"><I>compiled code</I></A> is being <I>executed</I>. <P>
<P><A NAME="exhaustive_partition"><B>exhaustive partition</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>) a set of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#pairwise"><I>pairwise</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#disjoint"><I>disjoint</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>types</I></A> that form an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#exhaustive_union"><I>exhaustive union</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="exhaustive_union"><B>exhaustive union</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>) a set of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#subtype"><I>subtypes</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>, whose union contains all <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#element"><I>elements</I></A> of that <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="exit_point"><B>exit point</B></A> <I>n.</I> a point in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#control_form"><I>control form</I></A> from which (e.g., <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_block.htm#block"><B>block</B></A>), through which (e.g., <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_unwind.htm#unwind-protect"><B>unwind-protect</B></A>), or to which (e.g., <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_tagbod.htm#tagbody"><B>tagbody</B></A>) control and possibly <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_v.htm#value"><I>values</I></A> can be transferred both actively by using another <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#control_form"><I>control form</I></A> and passively through the normal control and data flow of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#evaluation"><I>evaluation</I></A>. ``<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_catch.htm#catch"><B>catch</B></A> and <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_block.htm#block"><B>block</B></A> establish bindings for exit points to which <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_throw.htm#throw"><B>throw</B></A> and <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_ret_fr.htm#return-from"><B>return-from</B></A>, respectively, can transfer control and values; <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_tagbod.htm#tagbody"><B>tagbody</B></A> establishes a binding for an exit point with lexical extent to which <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_go.htm#go"><B>go</B></A> can transfer control; and <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_unwind.htm#unwind-protect"><B>unwind-protect</B></A> establishes an exit point through which control might be transferred by operators such as <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_throw.htm#throw"><B>throw</B></A>, <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_ret_fr.htm#return-from"><B>return-from</B></A>, and <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_go.htm#go"><B>go</B></A>.'' <P>
<P><A NAME="explicit_return"><B>explicit return</B></A> <I>n.</I> the act of transferring control (and possibly <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_v.htm#value"><I>values</I></A>) to a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#block"><I>block</I></A> by using <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_ret_fr.htm#return-from"><B>return-from</B></A> (or <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="m_return.htm#return"><B>return</B></A>). <P>
<P><A NAME="explicit_use"><B>explicit use</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_v.htm#variable"><I>variable</I></A> V in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> F) a reference to V that is directly apparent in the normal semantics of F; i.e., that does not expose any undocumented details of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#macro_expansion"><I>macro expansion</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#form"><I>form</I></A> itself. References to V exposed by expanding <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#subform"><I>subforms</I></A> of F are, however, considered to be <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#explicit_use"><I>explicit uses</I></A> of V. <P>
<P><A NAME="exponent_marker"><B>exponent marker</B></A> <I>n.</I> a character that is used in the textual notation for a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#float"><I>float</I></A> to separate the mantissa from the exponent. The characters defined as <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#exponent_marker"><I>exponent markers</I></A> in the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#standard_readtable"><I>standard readtable</I></A> are shown in the next figure. For more information, see <A REL=CHILD HREF="02_a.htm">Section 2.1 (Character Syntax)</A>. ``The exponent marker `d' in `3.0d7' indicates that this number is to be represented as a double float.'' <P>
<PRE>
Marker Meaning
D or d <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_short_.htm#double-float">double-float</A>
E or e <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_float.htm#float">float</A> (see <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="v_rd_def.htm#STread-default-float-formatST">*read-default-float-format*</A>)
F or f <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_short_.htm#single-float">single-float</A>
L or l <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_short_.htm#long-float">long-float</A>
S or s <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_short_.htm#short-float">short-float</A>
</PRE>
<P><B>Figure 26-1. Exponent Markers</B> <P>
<P><A NAME="export"><B>export</B></A> <I>v.t.</I> (a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>) to add the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> to the list of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_symbol"><I>external symbols</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="exported"><B>exported</B></A> <I>adj.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>) being an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_symbol"><I>external symbol</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="expressed_adjustability"><B>expressed adjustability</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>) a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_g.htm#generalized_boolean"><I>generalized boolean</I></A> that is conceptually (but not necessarily actually) associated with the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>, representing whether the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A> is <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#expressly_adjustable"><I>expressly adjustable</I></A>. See also <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#actual_adjustability"><I>actual adjustability</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="expressed_array_element_type"><B>expressed array element type</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>) the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> which is the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array_element_type"><I>array element type</I></A> implied by a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type_declaration"><I>type declaration</I></A> for the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>, or which is the requested <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array_element_type"><I>array element type</I></A> at its time of creation, prior to any selection of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#upgraded_array_element_type"><I>upgraded array element type</I></A>. (Common Lisp does not provide a way of detecting this <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> directly at run time, but an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A> is permitted to make assumptions about the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>'s contents and the operations which may be performed on the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A> when this <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> is noted during code analysis, even if those assumptions would not be valid in general for the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#upgraded_array_element_type"><I>upgraded array element type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#expressed_array_element_type"><I>expressed array element type</I></A>.) <P>
<P><A NAME="expressed_complex_part_type"><B>expressed complex part type</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#complex"><I>complex</I></A>) the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> which is implied as the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#complex_part_type"><I>complex part type</I></A> by a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type_declaration"><I>type declaration</I></A> for the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#complex"><I>complex</I></A>, or which is the requested <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#complex_part_type"><I>complex part type</I></A> at its time of creation, prior to any selection of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#upgraded_complex_part_type"><I>upgraded complex part type</I></A>. (Common Lisp does not provide a way of detecting this <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> directly at run time, but an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A> is permitted to make assumptions about the operations which may be performed on the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#complex"><I>complex</I></A> when this <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> is noted during code analysis, even if those assumptions would not be valid in general for the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#upgraded_complex_part_type"><I>upgraded complex part type</I></A> of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#expressed_complex_part_type"><I>expressed complex part type</I></A>.) <P>
<P><A NAME="expression"><B>expression</B></A> <I>n.</I> 1. an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A>, often used to emphasize the use of the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> to encode or represent information in a specialized format, such as program text. ``The second expression in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="s_let_l.htm#let"><B>let</B></A> form is a list of bindings.'' 2. the textual notation used to notate an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> in a source file. ``The expression <TT>'sample</TT> is equivalent to <TT>(quote sample)</TT>.'' <P>
<P><A NAME="expressly_adjustable"><B>expressly adjustable</B></A> <I>adj.</I> (of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>array</I></A>) being <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#actually_adjustable"><I>actually adjustable</I></A> by virtue of an explicit request for this characteristic having been made at the time of its creation. All <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#array"><I>arrays</I></A> that are <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#expressly_adjustable"><I>expressly adjustable</I></A> are <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_a.htm#actually_adjustable"><I>actually adjustable</I></A>, but not necessarily vice versa. <P>
<P><A NAME="extended_character"><B>extended character</B></A> <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#type"><I>type</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="t_extend.htm#extended-char"><B>extended-char</B></A>: a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> that is not a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#base_character"><I>base character</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="extended_function_designator"><B>extended function designator</B></A> <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#designator"><I>designator</I></A> for a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function"><I>function</I></A>; that is, an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that denotes a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function"><I>function</I></A> and that is one of: a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function_name"><I>function name</I></A> (denoting the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function"><I>function</I></A> it names in the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_g.htm#global_environment"><I>global environment</I></A>), or a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function"><I>function</I></A> (denoting itself). The consequences are undefined if a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function_name"><I>function name</I></A> is used as an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#extended_function_designator"><I>extended function designator</I></A> but it does not have a global definition as a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function"><I>function</I></A>, or if it is a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> that has a global definition as a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_m.htm#macro"><I>macro</I></A> or a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#special_form"><I>special form</I></A>. See also <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#function_designator"><I>function designator</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="extended_lambda_list"><B>extended lambda list</B></A> <I>n.</I> a list resembling an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#ordinary_lambda_list"><I>ordinary lambda list</I></A> in form and purpose, but offering additional syntax or functionality not available in an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#ordinary_lambda_list"><I>ordinary lambda list</I></A>. ``<A REL=DEFINITION HREF="m_defmac.htm#defmacro"><B>defmacro</B></A> uses extended lambda lists.'' <P>
<P><A NAME="extension"><B>extension</B></A> <I>n.</I> a facility in an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A> of Common Lisp that is not specified by this standard. <P>
<P><A NAME="extent"><B>extent</B></A> <I>n.</I> the interval of time during which a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_r.htm#reference"><I>reference</I></A> to an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#binding"><I>binding</I></A>, an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#exit_point"><I>exit point</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_t.htm#tag"><I>tag</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_h.htm#handler"><I>handler</I></A>, a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_r.htm#restart"><I>restart</I></A>, or an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#environment"><I>environment</I></A> is defined. <P>
<P><A NAME="external_file_format"><B>external file format</B></A> <I>n.</I> an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> of <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-dependent"><I>implementation-dependent</I></A> nature which determines one of possibly several <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-dependent"><I>implementation-dependent</I></A> ways in which <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>characters</I></A> are encoded externally in a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#character"><I>character</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#file"><I>file</I></A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="external_file_format_designator"><B>external file format designator</B></A> <I>n.</I> a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_d.htm#designator"><I>designator</I></A> for an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format"><I>external file format</I></A>; that is, an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that denotes an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format"><I>external file format</I></A> and that is one of: the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> <TT>:default</TT> (denoting an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-dependent"><I>implementation-dependent</I></A> default <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format"><I>external file format</I></A> that can accomodate at least the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_b.htm#base_character"><I>base characters</I></A>), some other <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> defined by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A> to be an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format_designator"><I>external file format designator</I></A> (denoting an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation-defined"><I>implementation-defined</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format"><I>external file format</I></A>), or some other <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> defined by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#implementation"><I>implementation</I></A> to be an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_file_format"><I>external file format</I></A> (denoting itself). <P>
<P><A NAME="external_symbol"><B>external symbol</B></A> <I>n.</I> (of a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>) a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_s.htm#symbol"><I>symbol</I></A> that is part of the `external interface' to the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A> and that are <I>inherited</I>[3] by any other <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A> that <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_u.htm#use"><I>uses</I></A> the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A>. When using the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#lisp_reader"><I>Lisp reader</I></A>, if a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package_prefix"><I>package prefix</I></A> is used, the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#name"><I>name</I></A> of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="#external_symbol"><I>external symbol</I></A> is separated from the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#name"><I>name</I></A> by a single <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package_marker"><I>package marker</I></A> while the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#name"><I>name</I></A> of an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_i.htm#internal_symbol"><I>internal symbol</I></A> is separated from the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package"><I>package</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_n.htm#name"><I>name</I></A> by a double <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_p.htm#package_marker"><I>package marker</I></A>; see <A REL=CHILD HREF="02_cd.htm">Section 2.3.4 (Symbols as Tokens)</A>. <P>
<P><A NAME="externalizable_object"><B>externalizable object</B></A> <I>n.</I> an <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> that can be used as a <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_l.htm#literal"><I>literal</I></A> <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_o.htm#object"><I>object</I></A> in <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_c.htm#code"><I>code</I></A> to be processed by the <A REL=DEFINITION HREF="26_glo_f.htm#file_compiler"><I>file compiler</I></A>. <P>
<P><HR>The following <A REL=META HREF="../Front/X3J13Iss.htm">X3J13 cleanup issue</A>, <I>not part of the specification</I>, applies to this section:<P><UL><LI> <A REL=CHILD HREF="../Issues/iss046.htm">CHARACTER-VS-CHAR:LESS-INCONSISTENT-SHORT</A><P></UL><HR>
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