128 lines
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128 lines
6.8 KiB
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<!-- Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM), version 7.0 generated by Kent M. Pitman on Mon, 11-Apr-2005 2:31am EDT -->
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<TITLE>CLHS: Section 22.3.11</TITLE>
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<H1><A REV=MADE HREF="http://www.lispworks.com/"><IMG WIDTH=80 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[LISPWORKS]" SRC="../Graphics/LWSmall.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=TOP HREF="../Front/index.htm"><IMG WIDTH=237 HEIGHT=65 ALT="[Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)]" SRC="../Graphics/CLHS_Sm.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A> <A REL=PREV HREF="22_cjd.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Previous]" SRC="../Graphics/Prev.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=UP HREF="22_c.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Up]" SRC="../Graphics/Up.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A><A REL=NEXT HREF="22_cl.htm"><IMG WIDTH=40 HEIGHT=40 ALT="[Next]" SRC="../Graphics/Next.gif" ALIGN=Bottom></A></H1>
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<HR>
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<H2>
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22.3.11 Examples of FORMAT</H2> <P>
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<PRE>
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(format nil "foo") => "foo"
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(setq x 5) => 5
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(format nil "The answer is ~D." x) => "The answer is 5."
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(format nil "The answer is ~3D." x) => "The answer is 5."
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(format nil "The answer is ~3,'0D." x) => "The answer is 005."
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(format nil "The answer is ~:D." (expt 47 x))
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=> "The answer is 229,345,007."
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(setq y "elephant") => "elephant"
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(format nil "Look at the ~A!" y) => "Look at the elephant!"
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(setq n 3) => 3
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(format nil "~D item~:P found." n) => "3 items found."
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(format nil "~R dog~:[s are~; is~] here." n (= n 1))
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=> "three dogs are here."
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(format nil "~R dog~:*~[s are~; is~:;s are~] here." n)
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=> "three dogs are here."
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(format nil "Here ~[are~;is~:;are~] ~:*~R pupp~:@P." n)
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=> "Here are three puppies."
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</PRE>
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</TT>
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<PRE>
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(defun foo (x)
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(format nil "~6,2F|~6,2,1,'*F|~6,2,,'?F|~6F|~,2F|~F"
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x x x x x x)) => FOO
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(foo 3.14159) => " 3.14| 31.42| 3.14|3.1416|3.14|3.14159"
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(foo -3.14159) => " -3.14|-31.42| -3.14|-3.142|-3.14|-3.14159"
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(foo 100.0) => "100.00|******|100.00| 100.0|100.00|100.0"
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(foo 1234.0) => "1234.00|******|??????|1234.0|1234.00|1234.0"
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(foo 0.006) => " 0.01| 0.06| 0.01| 0.006|0.01|0.006"
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</PRE>
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</TT>
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<PRE>
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(defun foo (x)
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(format nil
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"~9,2,1,,'*E|~10,3,2,2,'?,,'$E|~
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~9,3,2,-2,'%@E|~9,2E"
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x x x x))
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(foo 3.14159) => " 3.14E+0| 31.42$-01|+.003E+03| 3.14E+0"
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(foo -3.14159) => " -3.14E+0|-31.42$-01|-.003E+03| -3.14E+0"
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(foo 1100.0) => " 1.10E+3| 11.00$+02|+.001E+06| 1.10E+3"
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(foo 1100.0L0) => " 1.10L+3| 11.00$+02|+.001L+06| 1.10L+3"
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(foo 1.1E13) => "*********| 11.00$+12|+.001E+16| 1.10E+13"
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(foo 1.1L120) => "*********|??????????|%%%%%%%%%|1.10L+120"
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(foo 1.1L1200) => "*********|??????????|%%%%%%%%%|1.10L+1200"
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</PRE>
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</TT> As an example of the effects of varying the scale factor, the code <P>
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<PRE>
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(dotimes (k 13)
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(format t "~%Scale factor ~2D: |~13,6,2,VE|"
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(- k 5) (- k 5) 3.14159))
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</PRE>
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</TT> produces the following output: <P>
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<PRE>
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Scale factor -5: | 0.000003E+06|
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Scale factor -4: | 0.000031E+05|
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Scale factor -3: | 0.000314E+04|
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Scale factor -2: | 0.003142E+03|
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Scale factor -1: | 0.031416E+02|
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Scale factor 0: | 0.314159E+01|
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Scale factor 1: | 3.141590E+00|
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Scale factor 2: | 31.41590E-01|
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Scale factor 3: | 314.1590E-02|
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Scale factor 4: | 3141.590E-03|
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Scale factor 5: | 31415.90E-04|
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Scale factor 6: | 314159.0E-05|
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Scale factor 7: | 3141590.E-06|
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</PRE>
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</TT> <P>
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<PRE>
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(defun foo (x)
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(format nil "~9,2,1,,'*G|~9,3,2,3,'?,,'$G|~9,3,2,0,'%G|~9,2G"
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x x x x))
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(foo 0.0314159) => " 3.14E-2|314.2$-04|0.314E-01| 3.14E-2"
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(foo 0.314159) => " 0.31 |0.314 |0.314 | 0.31 "
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(foo 3.14159) => " 3.1 | 3.14 | 3.14 | 3.1 "
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(foo 31.4159) => " 31. | 31.4 | 31.4 | 31. "
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(foo 314.159) => " 3.14E+2| 314. | 314. | 3.14E+2"
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(foo 3141.59) => " 3.14E+3|314.2$+01|0.314E+04| 3.14E+3"
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(foo 3141.59L0) => " 3.14L+3|314.2$+01|0.314L+04| 3.14L+3"
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(foo 3.14E12) => "*********|314.0$+10|0.314E+13| 3.14E+12"
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(foo 3.14L120) => "*********|?????????|%%%%%%%%%|3.14L+120"
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(foo 3.14L1200) => "*********|?????????|%%%%%%%%%|3.14L+1200"
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</PRE>
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</TT> <P>
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<PRE>
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(format nil "~10<foo~;bar~>") => "foo bar"
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(format nil "~10:<foo~;bar~>") => " foo bar"
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(format nil "~10<foobar~>") => " foobar"
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(format nil "~10:<foobar~>") => " foobar"
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(format nil "~10:@<foo~;bar~>") => " foo bar "
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(format nil "~10@<foobar~>") => "foobar "
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(format nil "~10:@<foobar~>") => " foobar "
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</PRE>
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</TT> <P>
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<PRE>
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(FORMAT NIL "Written to ~A." #P"foo.bin")
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=> "Written to foo.bin."
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</PRE>
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</TT> <P>
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<P><HR>The following <A REL=META HREF="../Front/X3J13Iss.htm">X3J13 cleanup issue</A>, <I>not part of the specification</I>, applies to this section:<P><UL><LI> <A REL=CHILD HREF="../Issues/iss260.htm">PATHNAME-PRINT-READ:SHARPSIGN-P</A><P></UL><HR>
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