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<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Searching"><span>7.5.3.7 Searching<a class="copiable-link" href="#Searching"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-list-search"></a>
<p>The procedures for searching elements in lists either accept a
predicate or a comparison object for determining which elements are to
be searched.
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-find"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">find</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-find"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Return the first element of <var class="var">lst</var> that satisfies the predicate
<var class="var">pred</var> and <code class="code">#f</code> if no such element is found.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-find_002dtail"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">find-tail</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-find_002dtail"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Return the first pair of <var class="var">lst</var> whose <small class="sc">CAR</small> satisfies the
predicate <var class="var">pred</var> and <code class="code">#f</code> if no such element is found.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-take_002dwhile"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">take-while</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-take_002dwhile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-take_002dwhile_0021"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">take-while!</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-take_002dwhile_0021"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Return the longest initial prefix of <var class="var">lst</var> whose elements all
satisfy the predicate <var class="var">pred</var>.
</p>
<p><code class="code">take-while!</code> is allowed, but not required to modify the input
list while producing the result.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-drop_002dwhile"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">drop-while</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-drop_002dwhile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Drop the longest initial prefix of <var class="var">lst</var> whose elements all
satisfy the predicate <var class="var">pred</var>.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-span"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">span</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-span"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-span_0021"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">span!</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-span_0021"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-break-2"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">break</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-break-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-break_0021"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">break!</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-break_0021"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p><code class="code">span</code> splits the list <var class="var">lst</var> into the longest initial prefix
whose elements all satisfy the predicate <var class="var">pred</var>, and the remaining
tail. <code class="code">break</code> inverts the sense of the predicate.
</p>
<p><code class="code">span!</code> and <code class="code">break!</code> are allowed, but not required to modify
the structure of the input list <var class="var">lst</var> in order to produce the
result.
</p>
<p>Note that the name <code class="code">break</code> conflicts with the <code class="code">break</code>
binding established by <code class="code">while</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="while-do.html">Iteration mechanisms</a>). Applications
wanting to use <code class="code">break</code> from within a <code class="code">while</code> loop will need
to make a new define under a different name.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-any"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">any</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst1 lst2 &hellip;</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-any"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Test whether any set of elements from <var class="var">lst1</var> <var class="var">lst2</var> &hellip;
satisfies <var class="var">pred</var>. If so, the return value is the return value from
the successful <var class="var">pred</var> call, or if not, the return value is
<code class="code">#f</code>.
</p>
<p>If there are n list arguments, then <var class="var">pred</var> must be a predicate
taking n arguments. Each <var class="var">pred</var> call is <code class="code">(<var class="var">pred</var>
<var class="var">elem1</var> <var class="var">elem2</var> &hellip; )</code> taking an element from each
<var class="var">lst</var>. The calls are made successively for the first, second, etc.
elements of the lists, stopping when <var class="var">pred</var> returns non-<code class="code">#f</code>,
or when the end of the shortest list is reached.
</p>
<p>The <var class="var">pred</var> call on the last set of elements (i.e., when the end of
the shortest list has been reached), if that point is reached, is a
tail call.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-every"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">every</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst1 lst2 &hellip;</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-every"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Test whether every set of elements from <var class="var">lst1</var> <var class="var">lst2</var> &hellip;
satisfies <var class="var">pred</var>. If so, the return value is the return from the
final <var class="var">pred</var> call, or if not, the return value is <code class="code">#f</code>.
</p>
<p>If there are n list arguments, then <var class="var">pred</var> must be a predicate
taking n arguments. Each <var class="var">pred</var> call is <code class="code">(<var class="var">pred</var>
<var class="var">elem1</var> <var class="var">elem2 &hellip;</var>)</code> taking an element from each
<var class="var">lst</var>. The calls are made successively for the first, second, etc.
elements of the lists, stopping if <var class="var">pred</var> returns <code class="code">#f</code>, or when
the end of any of the lists is reached.
</p>
<p>The <var class="var">pred</var> call on the last set of elements (i.e., when the end of
the shortest list has been reached) is a tail call.
</p>
<p>If one of <var class="var">lst1</var> <var class="var">lst2</var> &hellip;is empty then no calls to
<var class="var">pred</var> are made, and the return value is <code class="code">#t</code>.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-list_002dindex"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">list-index</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">pred lst1 lst2 &hellip;</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-list_002dindex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Return the index of the first set of elements, one from each of
<var class="var">lst1</var> <var class="var">lst2</var> &hellip;, which satisfies <var class="var">pred</var>.
</p>
<p><var class="var">pred</var> is called as <code class="code">(<var class="var">elem1</var> <var class="var">elem2 &hellip;</var>)</code>.
Searching stops when the end of the shortest <var class="var">lst</var> is reached.
The return index starts from 0 for the first set of elements. If no
set of elements pass, then the return value is <code class="code">#f</code>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">(list-index odd? '(2 4 6 9)) &rArr; 3
(list-index = '(1 2 3) '(3 1 2)) &rArr; #f
</pre></div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-member-1"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">member</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">x lst [=]</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-member-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Return the first sublist of <var class="var">lst</var> whose <small class="sc">CAR</small> is equal to
<var class="var">x</var>. If <var class="var">x</var> does not appear in <var class="var">lst</var>, return <code class="code">#f</code>.
</p>
<p>Equality is determined by <code class="code">equal?</code>, or by the equality predicate
<var class="var">=</var> if given. <var class="var">=</var> is called <code class="code">(= <var class="var">x</var> elem)</code>,
ie. with the given <var class="var">x</var> first, so for example to find the first
element greater than 5,
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">(member 5 '(3 5 1 7 2 9) &lt;) &rArr; (7 2 9)
</pre></div>
<p>This version of <code class="code">member</code> extends the core <code class="code">member</code>
(see <a class="pxref" href="List-Searching.html">List Searching</a>) by accepting an equality predicate.
</p></dd></dl>
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