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688 lines
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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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>read, read-preserving-whitespace | Common Lisp Nova Spec</TITLE
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><DIV CLASS="breadcrumb"
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><SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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><A HREF="index.html"
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>Common Lisp Nova Spec</A
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="23_Reader.html"
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>23. Reader</A
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> <SPAN CLASS="breadcrumb-item"
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>→ <A HREF="f_read.html"
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>read, read-preserving-whitespace</A
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><DIV CLASS="apropos"
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><DIV CLASS="apropos-io"
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><A HREF="f_make-dispatch-macro-character.html" CLASS="prev"
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>←</A
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>Apropos </SPAN
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><INPUT ID="apropos" AUTOFOCUS="AUTOFOCUS" PLACEHOLDER="Type here to search" ONINPUT="aproposInput(this);" ONKEYUP="aproposKeyup(event);" ONCHANGE="aproposChange(this);" ONFOCUS="aproposFocus(this);" ONFOCUSOUT="aproposFocusout(this);"
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><DIV ID="apropos-res"
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></DIV
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><DIV CLASS="matter"
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><DIV CLASS="com"
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><DIV CLASS="begincom"
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><HR
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><TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0"
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><TR
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><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="100%" CLASS="name"
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><SPAN CLASS="idx" DATA-KIND="idxref" DATA-TERM="read, read-preserving-whitespace"
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></SPAN
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><B
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>read, read-preserving-whitespace</B
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></TD
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><TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="BASELINE" WIDTH="0" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" CLASS="ftype"
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><I
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>Function</I
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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></DIV
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><UL CLASS="subtoc"
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></UL
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Syntax</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><B
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>read</B
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>&optional</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>input-stream</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>eof-error-p</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>eof-value</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>recursive-p</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>object</SPAN
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></P
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><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD VALIGN="BASELINE" ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"
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><B
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>read-preserving-whitespace</B
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><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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> </SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>&optional</SPAN
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><SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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> </SPAN
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></TD
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><TD VALIGN="BASELINE" ALIGN="LEFT"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>input-stream</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>eof-error-p</SPAN
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><BR
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><SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>eof-value</SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>recursive-p</SPAN
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><DIV
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><SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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> <SPAN CLASS="cmssi"
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>object</SPAN
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></DIV
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Arguments and Values</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>input-stream</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#input"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>input</EM
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></A
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#stream_designator"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>stream designator</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>eof-error-p</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#generalized_boolean"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>generalized boolean</EM
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></A
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>. The default is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#true"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>true</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>eof-value</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. The default is <SPAN CLASS="misc"
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><B
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>nil</B
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></SPAN
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>recursive-p</VAR
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> — a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#generalized_boolean"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>generalized boolean</EM
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></A
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>. The default is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#false"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>false</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><VAR CLASS="param"
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>object</VAR
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> — an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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> (parsed by the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#Lisp_reader"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>Lisp reader</EM
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></A
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>) or the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>eof-value</VAR
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Description</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> parses the printed representation of an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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> from <VAR CLASS="param"
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>input-stream</VAR
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> and builds such an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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><A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read-preserving-whitespace</B
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></A
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> is like <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> but preserves any <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#whitespace"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>whitespace</EM
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></A
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>2</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#character"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>character</EM
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></A
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> that delimits the printed representation of the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read-preserving-whitespace</B
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></A
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> is exactly like <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> when the <VAR CLASS="param"
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>recursive-p</VAR
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#argument"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>argument</EM
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></A
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> to <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read-preserving-whitespace</B
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></A
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> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#true"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>true</EM
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></A
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>. </P
|
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><P CLASS="j"
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>When <A HREF="v_read-suppress.html" CLASS="varref"
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><B
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>*read-suppress*</B
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></A
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> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#false"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>false</EM
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></A
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>, <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> throws away the delimiting <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#character"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>character</EM
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></A
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> required by certain printed representations if it is a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#whitespace"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>whitespace</EM
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></A
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>2</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#character"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>character</EM
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></A
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>; but <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> preserves the character (using <A HREF="f_unread-char.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>unread-char</B
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></A
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>) if it is syntactically meaningful, because it could be the start of the next expression. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>If a file ends in a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>symbol</EM
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></A
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> or a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#number"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>number</EM
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></A
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> immediately followed by an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#end_of_file"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>end of file</EM
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></A
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>1</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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>, <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> reads the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>symbol</EM
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></A
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> or <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#number"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>number</EM
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></A
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> successfully; when called again, it sees the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#end_of_file"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>end of file</EM
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></A
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><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
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><SUB CLASS="sub"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>1</SPAN
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></SUB
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></SPAN
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> and only then acts according to <VAR CLASS="param"
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>eof-error-p</VAR
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>. If a file contains ignorable text at the end, such as blank lines and comments, <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> does not consider it to end in the middle of an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>If <VAR CLASS="param"
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>recursive-p</VAR
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> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#true"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>true</EM
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></A
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>, the call to <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> is expected to be made from within some function that itself has been called from <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> or from a similar input function, rather than from the top level. </P
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><P CLASS="j"
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>Both functions return the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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> read from <VAR CLASS="param"
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>input-stream</VAR
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>. <VAR CLASS="param"
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>Eof-value</VAR
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> is returned if <VAR CLASS="param"
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>eof-error-p</VAR
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> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#false"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>false</EM
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></A
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> and end of file is reached before the beginning of an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>object</EM
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></A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><B
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>Examples</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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> (read)
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|
<SPAN CLASS="cmr"
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>⊳</SPAN
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> <U CLASS="underline"
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><SPAN CLASS="cmtt"
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>'a</SPAN
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></U
|
|
>
|
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<SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
|
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>→</SPAN
|
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></SPAN
|
|
> (QUOTE A)
|
|
(with-input-from-string (is " ") (read is nil 'the-end)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
|
|
>→</SPAN
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> THE-END
|
|
(defun skip-then-read-char (s c n)
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(if (char= c #\{) (read s t nil t) (read-preserving-whitespace s))
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(read-char-no-hang s)) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
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><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
|
|
>→</SPAN
|
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></SPAN
|
|
> SKIP-THEN-READ-CHAR
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(let ((*readtable* (copy-readtable nil)))
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(set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\{ #'skip-then-read-char)
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(set-dispatch-macro-character #\# #\} #'skip-then-read-char)
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(with-input-from-string (is "#{123 x #}123 y")
|
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(format t "~S ~S" (read is) (read is)))) <SPAN CLASS="cmsy"
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="arrow"
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|
>→</SPAN
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></SPAN
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|
> #\x, #\Space, NIL</PRE
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
|
>As an example, consider this <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#reader_macro"
|
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><EM CLASS="term"
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>reader macro</EM
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></A
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> definition:</P
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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>(defun slash-reader (stream char)
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(declare (ignore char))
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`(path . ,(loop for dir = (read-preserving-whitespace stream t nil t)
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then (progn (read-char stream t nil t)
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(read-preserving-whitespace stream t nil t))
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collect dir
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while (eql (peek-char nil stream nil nil t) #\/))))
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(set-macro-character #\/ #'slash-reader)</PRE
|
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><P CLASS="j"
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|
>Consider now calling <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
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><B
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>read</B
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></A
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> on this expression:</P
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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>(zyedh /usr/games/zork /usr/games/boggle)</PRE
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><P CLASS="j"
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>The <CODE CLASS="f"
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>/</CODE
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|
> macro reads objects separated by more <CODE CLASS="f"
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>/</CODE
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> characters; thus <CODE CLASS="f"
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>/usr/games/zork</CODE
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> is intended to read as <CODE CLASS="f"
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>(path usr games zork)</CODE
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>. The entire example expression should therefore be read as</P
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
|
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>(zyedh (path usr games zork) (path usr games boggle))</PRE
|
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><P CLASS="j"
|
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>However, if <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
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><B
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|
>read</B
|
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></A
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> had been used instead of <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
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><B
|
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>read-preserving-whitespace</B
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></A
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|
>, then after the reading of the symbol <CODE CLASS="f"
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>zork</CODE
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>, the following space would be discarded; the next call to <A HREF="f_peek-char.html" CLASS="funref"
|
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><B
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>peek-char</B
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></A
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> would see the following <CODE CLASS="f"
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>/</CODE
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>, and the loop would continue, producing this interpretation:</P
|
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><PRE CLASS="screen"
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>(zyedh (path usr games zork usr games boggle))</PRE
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
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|
>There are times when <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#whitespace"
|
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><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>whitespace</EM
|
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></A
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
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>2</SPAN
|
|
></SUB
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> should be discarded. If a command interpreter takes single-character commands, but occasionally reads an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>object</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> then if the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#whitespace"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>whitespace</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="meaning"
|
|
><SUB CLASS="sub"
|
|
><SPAN CLASS="cmr"
|
|
>2</SPAN
|
|
></SUB
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> after a <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>symbol</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> is not discarded it might be interpreted as a command some time later after the <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#symbol"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>symbol</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> had been read.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><B
|
|
>Affected By</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
|
><A HREF="v_debug-io.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*standard-input*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_terminal-io.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*terminal-io*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_readtable.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*readtable*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_read-default-float-format.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*read-default-float-format*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_read-base.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*read-base*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_read-suppress.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*read-suppress*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_package.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*package*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="v_read-eval.html" CLASS="varref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>*read-eval*</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><B
|
|
>Exceptional Situations</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
|
><A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></A
|
|
> signals an error of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>type</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> <A HREF="t_end-of-file.html" CLASS="typeref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>end-of-file</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, regardless of <VAR CLASS="param"
|
|
>eof-error-p</VAR
|
|
>, if the file ends in the middle of an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>object</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> representation. For example, if a file does not contain enough right parentheses to balance the left parentheses in it, <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></A
|
|
> signals an error. This is detected when <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></A
|
|
> or <A HREF="f_read.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read-preserving-whitespace</B
|
|
></A
|
|
> is called with <VAR CLASS="param"
|
|
>recursive-p</VAR
|
|
> and <VAR CLASS="param"
|
|
>eof-error-p</VAR
|
|
> <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#non-nil"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>non-nil</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
>, and end-of-file is reached before the beginning of an <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#object"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>object</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
>. </P
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
|
>If <VAR CLASS="param"
|
|
>eof-error-p</VAR
|
|
> is <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#true"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>true</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
>, an error of <A HREF="26_1_Glossary.html#type"
|
|
><EM CLASS="term"
|
|
>type</EM
|
|
></A
|
|
> <A HREF="t_end-of-file.html" CLASS="typeref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>end-of-file</B
|
|
></A
|
|
> is signaled at the end of file.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><B
|
|
>See Also</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P CLASS="j"
|
|
><A HREF="f_peek-char.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>peek-char</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_read-char.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read-char</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_unread-char.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>unread-char</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_read-from-string.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read-from-string</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_read-delimited-list.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>read-delimited-list</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, <A HREF="f_parse-integer.html" CLASS="funref"
|
|
><B
|
|
>parse-integer</B
|
|
></A
|
|
>, Chapter 2 (Syntax), Section 23.1 (Reader Concepts)</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV CLASS="footer"
|
|
><DIV CLASS="btmnav"
|
|
><A HREF="f_make-dispatch-macro-character.html" CLASS="prev"
|
|
>←</A
|
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><A HREF="f_read-delimited-list.html" CLASS="next"
|
|
>→</A
|
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></DIV
|
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><DIV CLASS="trail"
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>Conversion to HTML copyright 2023 by Gilbert Baumann</DIV
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></DIV
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