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307 lines
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<title>Time (Guile Reference Manual)</title>
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<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="Time">
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Next: <a href="Runtime-Environment.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Runtime Environment</a>, Previous: <a href="User-Information.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User Information</a>, Up: <a href="POSIX.html" accesskey="u" rel="up"><abbr class="acronym">POSIX</abbr> System Calls and Networking</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
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<h4 class="subsection" id="Time-1"><span>7.2.5 Time<a class="copiable-link" href="#Time-1"> ¶</a></span></h4>
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<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-time"></a>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-current_002dtime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">current-time</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-current_002dtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fcurrent_005ftime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_current_time</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fcurrent_005ftime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 <abbr class="acronym">UTC</abbr>,
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excluding leap seconds.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-gettimeofday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">gettimeofday</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-gettimeofday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fgettimeofday"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_gettimeofday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fgettimeofday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Return a pair containing the number of seconds and microseconds
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since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 <abbr class="acronym">UTC</abbr>, excluding leap seconds. Note:
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whether true microsecond resolution is available depends on the
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operating system.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<p>The following procedures either accept an object representing a broken down
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time and return a selected component, or accept an object representing
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a broken down time and a value and set the component to the value.
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The numbers in parentheses give the usual range.
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</p>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003asec"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:sec</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003asec"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003asec"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:sec</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003asec"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Seconds (0-59).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003amin"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:min</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003amin"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003amin"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:min</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003amin"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Minutes (0-59).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003ahour"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:hour</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003ahour"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003ahour"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:hour</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003ahour"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Hours (0-23).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003amday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:mday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003amday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003amday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:mday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003amday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Day of the month (1-31).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003amon"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:mon</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003amon"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003amon"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:mon</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003amon"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Month (0-11).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003ayear"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:year</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003ayear"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003ayear"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:year</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003ayear"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Year (70-), the year minus 1900.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003awday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:wday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003awday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003awday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:wday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003awday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Day of the week (0-6) with Sunday represented as 0.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003ayday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:yday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003ayday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003ayday"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:yday</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003ayday"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Day of the year (0-364, 365 in leap years).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003aisdst"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:isdst</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003aisdst"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003aisdst"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:isdst</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003aisdst"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Daylight saving indicator (0 for “no”, greater than 0 for “yes”, less than
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0 for “unknown”).
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003agmtoff"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:gmtoff</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003agmtoff"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003agmtoff"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:gmtoff</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003agmtoff"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Time zone offset in seconds west of <abbr class="acronym">UTC</abbr> (-46800 to 43200).
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For example on East coast USA (zone ‘<samp class="samp">EST+5</samp>’) this would be 18000
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(ie. <em class="math">5*60*60</em>) in winter, or 14400
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(ie. <em class="math">4*60*60</em>) during daylight savings.
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</p>
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<p>Note <code class="code">tm:gmtoff</code> is not the same as <code class="code">tm_gmtoff</code> in the C
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<code class="code">tm</code> structure. <code class="code">tm_gmtoff</code> is seconds east and hence the
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negative of the value here.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tm_003azone"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tm:zone</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tm_003azone"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-set_002dtm_003azone"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">set-tm:zone</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tm val</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-set_002dtm_003azone"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Time zone label (a string), not necessarily unique.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<br>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-localtime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">localtime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">time [zone]</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-localtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005flocaltime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_localtime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">(time, zone)</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005flocaltime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-local-time"></a>
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<p>Return an object representing the broken down components of
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<var class="var">time</var>, an integer like the one returned by
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<code class="code">current-time</code>. The time zone for the calculation is
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optionally specified by <var class="var">zone</var> (a string), otherwise the
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<code class="env">TZ</code> environment variable or the system default is used.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-gmtime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">gmtime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">time</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-gmtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fgmtime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_gmtime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">(time)</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fgmtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Return an object representing the broken down components of
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<var class="var">time</var>, an integer like the one returned by
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<code class="code">current-time</code>. The values are calculated for <abbr class="acronym">UTC</abbr>.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-mktime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">mktime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">sbd-time [zone]</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fmktime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_mktime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">(sbd_time, zone)</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fmktime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>For a broken down time object <var class="var">sbd-time</var>, return a pair the
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<code class="code">car</code> of which is an integer time like <code class="code">current-time</code>, and
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the <code class="code">cdr</code> of which is a new broken down time with normalized
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fields.
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</p>
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<p><var class="var">zone</var> is a timezone string, or the default is the <code class="env">TZ</code>
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environment variable or the system default (see <a data-manual="libc" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html#TZ-Variable">Specifying the Time Zone with <code class="env">TZ</code></a> in <cite class="cite">GNU C Library Reference
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Manual</cite>). <var class="var">sbd-time</var> is taken to be in that <var class="var">zone</var>.
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</p>
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<p>The following fields of <var class="var">sbd-time</var> are used: <code class="code">tm:year</code>,
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<code class="code">tm:mon</code>, <code class="code">tm:mday</code>, <code class="code">tm:hour</code>, <code class="code">tm:min</code>,
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<code class="code">tm:sec</code>, <code class="code">tm:isdst</code>. The values can be outside their usual
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ranges. For example <code class="code">tm:hour</code> normally goes up to 23, but a
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value say 33 would mean 9 the following day.
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</p>
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<p><code class="code">tm:isdst</code> in <var class="var">sbd-time</var> says whether the time given is with
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daylight savings or not. This is ignored if <var class="var">zone</var> doesn’t have
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any daylight savings adjustment amount.
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</p>
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<p>The broken down time in the return normalizes the values of
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<var class="var">sbd-time</var> by bringing them into their usual ranges, and using the
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actual daylight savings rule for that time in <var class="var">zone</var> (which may
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differ from what <var class="var">sbd-time</var> had). The easiest way to think of
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this is that <var class="var">sbd-time</var> plus <var class="var">zone</var> converts to the integer
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UTC time, then a <code class="code">localtime</code> is applied to get the normal
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presentation of that time, in <var class="var">zone</var>.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-tzset"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tzset</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tzset"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005ftzset"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_tzset</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005ftzset"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Initialize the timezone from the <code class="env">TZ</code> environment variable
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or the system default. It’s not usually necessary to call this procedure
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since it’s done automatically by other procedures that depend on the
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timezone.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-strftime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">strftime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">format tm</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-strftime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fstrftime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_strftime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">(format, tm)</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fstrftime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-time-formatting"></a>
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<p>Return a string which is broken-down time structure <var class="var">tm</var> formatted
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according to the given <var class="var">format</var> string.
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</p>
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<p><var class="var">format</var> contains field specifications introduced by a ‘<samp class="samp">%</samp>’
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character. See <a data-manual="libc" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Formatting-Calendar-Time.html#Formatting-Calendar-Time">Formatting Calendar Time</a> in <cite class="cite">The GNU C
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Library Reference Manual</cite>, or ‘<samp class="samp">man 3 strftime</samp>’, for the available
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formatting.
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</p>
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<div class="example lisp">
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<pre class="lisp-preformatted">(strftime "%c" (localtime (current-time)))
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⇒ "Mon Mar 11 20:17:43 2002"
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</pre></div>
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<p>If <code class="code">setlocale</code> has been called (see <a class="pxref" href="Locales.html">Locales</a>), month and day
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names are from the current locale and in the locale character set.
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</p></dd></dl>
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<dl class="first-deffn">
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<dt class="deffn" id="index-strptime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">strptime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">format string</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-strptime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fstrptime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_strptime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">(format, string)</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fstrptime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
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<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-time-parsing"></a>
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<p>Performs the reverse action to <code class="code">strftime</code>, parsing
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<var class="var">string</var> according to the specification supplied in
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<var class="var">format</var>. The interpretation of month and day names is
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|
dependent on the current locale. The value returned is a pair.
|
|
The <abbr class="acronym">CAR</abbr> has an object with time components
|
|
in the form returned by <code class="code">localtime</code> or <code class="code">gmtime</code>,
|
|
but the time zone components
|
|
are not usefully set.
|
|
The <abbr class="acronym">CDR</abbr> reports the number of characters from <var class="var">string</var>
|
|
which were used for the conversion.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
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|
<dl class="first-defvr first-defvar-alias-first-defvr">
|
|
<dt class="defvr defvar-alias-defvr" id="index-internal_002dtime_002dunits_002dper_002dsecond"><span class="category-def">Variable: </span><span><strong class="def-name">internal-time-units-per-second</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-internal_002dtime_002dunits_002dper_002dsecond"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The value of this variable is the number of time units per second
|
|
reported by the following procedures.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-times"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">times</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-times"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005ftimes"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_times</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005ftimes"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Return an object with information about real and processor
|
|
time. The following procedures accept such an object as an
|
|
argument and return a selected component:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-tms_003aclock"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tms:clock</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tms</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tms_003aclock"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The current real time, expressed as time units relative to an
|
|
arbitrary base.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-tms_003autime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tms:utime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tms</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tms_003autime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The CPU time units used by the calling process.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-tms_003astime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tms:stime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tms</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tms_003astime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The CPU time units used by the system on behalf of the calling
|
|
process.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-tms_003acutime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tms:cutime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tms</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tms_003acutime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The CPU time units used by terminated child processes of the
|
|
calling process, whose status has been collected (e.g., using
|
|
<code class="code">waitpid</code>).
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-tms_003acstime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">tms:cstime</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">tms</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-tms_003acstime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Similarly, the CPU times units used by the system on behalf of
|
|
terminated child processes.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-get_002dinternal_002dreal_002dtime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">get-internal-real-time</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-get_002dinternal_002dreal_002dtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fget_005finternal_005freal_005ftime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_get_internal_real_time</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fget_005finternal_005freal_005ftime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Return the number of time units since the interpreter was
|
|
started.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl class="first-deffn">
|
|
<dt class="deffn" id="index-get_002dinternal_002drun_002dtime"><span class="category-def">Scheme Procedure: </span><span><strong class="def-name">get-internal-run-time</strong><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-get_002dinternal_002drun_002dtime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-scm_005fget_005finternal_005frun_005ftime"><span class="category-def">C Function: </span><span><strong class="def-name">scm_get_internal_run_time</strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">()</var><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-scm_005fget_005finternal_005frun_005ftime"> ¶</a></span></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Return the number of time units of processor time used by the
|
|
interpreter. Both <em class="emph">system</em> and <em class="emph">user</em> time are
|
|
included but subprocesses are not.
|
|
</p></dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
</div>
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