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docSidebarContainer_YfHR"><div class="sidebarViewport_aRkj"><div class="sidebar_njMd"><nav aria-label="Docs sidebar" class="menu thin-scrollbar menu_SIkG"><ul class="theme-doc-sidebar-menu menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="../index.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-0/intro.html">Contents and Figures</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-1/b-b-scope-purpose-and-history.html">1. Introduction</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-2/c-b-character-syntax.html">2. Syntax</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-3/d-b-evaluation.html">3. Evaluation and Compilation</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-4/e-b-introduction.html">4. Types and Classes</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-5/f-b-generalized-reference.html">5. Data and Control Flow</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-6/g-b-the-loop-facility.html">6. Iteration</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-7/h-b-object-creation-and-initialization.html">7. Objects</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../category/81-structures-dictionary.html">8. Structures</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-9/j-b-condition-system-concepts.html">9. Conditions</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-10/ba-b-symbol-concepts.html">10. Symbols</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-11/bb-b-package-concepts.html">11. Packages</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-12/bc-b-number-concepts.html">12. Numbers</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-13/bd-b-character-concepts.html">13. Characters</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-14/be-b-cons-concepts.html">14. Conses</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-15/bf-b-array-concepts.html">15. Arrays</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-16/bg-b-string-concepts.html">16. Strings</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-17/bh-b-sequence-concepts.html">17. Sequences</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-18/bi-b-hash-table-concepts.html">18. Hash Tables</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-19/bj-b-overview-of-filenames.html">19. Filenames</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-20/ca-b-file-system-concepts.html">20. Files</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-21/cb-b-stream-concepts.html">21. Streams</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-22/cc-b-the-lisp-printer.html">22. Printer</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-23/cd-b-reader-concepts.html">23. Reader</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-24/ce-b-system-construction-concepts.html">24. System Construction</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../chap-25/cf-b-the-external-environment.html">25. External Environment</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../environments.html">26. Environments</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../meta-object-protocol.html">27. Meta Object Protocol</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../data-structures.html">28. Data Structures</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../portability/trivial-packages.html">29. 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1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Glossary</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">N</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>N</h1></header><p><strong>N</strong></p>
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<p><strong>name</strong> <em>n.</em>, <em>v.t.</em> 1. <em>n.</em> an <span><i>identifier</i></span> by which an <span><i>object</i></span>, a <span><i>binding</i></span>, or an <span><i>exit point</i></span> is referred to by association using a <span><i>binding</i></span>. 2. <em>v.t.</em> to give a <span><i>name</i></span> to. 3. <em>n.</em> (of an <span><i>object</i></span> having a name component) the <span><i>object</i></span> which is that component. “The string</p>
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<p>which is a symbol’s name is returned by <span><b>symbol-name</b></span>.” 4. <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>pathname</i></span>) a. the name component, returned by <strong>pathname-name</strong>. b. the entire namestring, returned by <span><b>namestring</b></span>. 5. <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>character</i></span> ) a <span><i>string</i></span> that names the <span><i>character</i></span> and that</p>
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<p>has <span><i>length</i></span> greater than one. (All <em>non-graphic characters</em> are required to have <span><i>names</i></span> unless they have some <em>implementation-defined attribute</em> which is not <span><i>null</i></span>. Whether or not other <span><i>characters</i></span> have <span><i>names</i></span> is <span><i>implementation-dependent</i></span>.)</p>
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<p><strong>named constant</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>variable</i></span> that is defined by Common Lisp, by the <span><i>implementation</i></span>, or by user code (see the <span><i>macro</i></span> <span><b>defconstant</b></span>) to always <span><i>yield</i></span> the same <span><i>value</i></span> when <em>evaluated</em>. “The value of a named constant may not be changed by assignment or by binding.”</p>
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<p><strong>namespace</strong> <em>n.</em> 1. <span><i>bindings</i></span> whose denotations are restricted to a particular kind. “The bindings of names to tags is the tag namespace.” 2. any <span><i>mapping</i></span> whose domain is a set of <span><i>names</i></span>. “A package defines a namespace.”</p>
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<p><span><b>namestring</b></span> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>string</i></span> that represents a <span><i>filename</i></span> using either the <span><i>standardized</i></span> notation for naming <span><i>logical pathnames</i></span> described in Section 19.3.1 (Syntax of Logical Pathname Namestrings), or some <span><i>implementation-defined</i></span> notation for naming a</p>
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<p><span><i>physical pathname</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>newline</strong> <em>n.</em> the <em>standard character ⟨Newline⟩</em>, notated for the <em>Lisp reader</em> as #\Newline.</p>
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<p><strong>next method</strong> <em>n.</em> the next <span><i>method</i></span> to be invoked with respect to a given <span><i>method</i></span> for a particular set of arguments or argument <em>classes</em>. See Section 7.6.6.1.3 (Applying method combination to the sorted list of applicable methods).</p>
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<p><strong>nickname</strong> <em>n.</em> (of a <span><i>package</i></span>) one of possibly several <span><i>names</i></span> that can be used to refer to the <span><i>package</i></span> but that is not the primary <span><i>name</i></span> of the <span><i>package</i></span>.</p>
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<p><span><b>nil</b></span> <em>n.</em> the <span><i>object</i></span> that is at once the <span><i>symbol</i></span> named "NIL" in the COMMON-LISP <span><i>package</i></span>, the <span><i>empty list</i></span>, the <span><i>boolean</i></span> (or <span><i>generalized boolean</i></span>) representing <span><i>false</i></span>, and the <span><i>name</i></span> of the <span><i>empty type</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-atomic</strong> <em>adj.</em> being other than an <span><i>atom</i></span>; <em>i.e.</em>, being a <span><i>cons</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-constant variable</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>variable</i></span> that is not a <span><i>constant variable</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-correctable</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of an <span><i>error</i></span> ) not intentionally <span><i>correctable</i></span>. (Because of the dynamic nature of <span><i>restarts</i></span>, it is neither possible nor generally useful to completely prohibit an <span><i>error</i></span> from being <span><i>correctable</i></span>. This term is used in order to express an</p>
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<p>intent that no special effort should be made by <span><i>code</i></span> signaling an <span><i>error</i></span> to make that <em>error correctable</em>; however, there is no actual requirement on <span><i>conforming programs</i></span> or <span><i>conforming implementations</i></span> imposed by this term.)</p>
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<p><strong>non-empty</strong> <em>adj.</em> having at least one <span><i>element</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-generic function</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>function</i></span> that is not a <span><i>generic function</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-graphic</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of a <span><i>character</i></span> ) not <span><i>graphic</i></span>. See Section 13.1.4.1 (Graphic</p>
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<p>Characters).</p>
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<p><strong>non-list</strong> <em>n.</em>, <em>adj.</em> other than a <span><i>list</i></span>; <em>i.e.</em>, a <em>non-nil atom</em>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-local exit</strong> <em>n.</em> a transfer of control (and sometimes <span><i>values</i></span>) to an <span><i>exit point</i></span> for reasons other than a <span><i>normal return</i></span>. “The operators <span><b>go</b></span>, <span><b>throw</b></span>, and <span><b>return-from</b></span> cause a non-local exit.”</p>
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<p><strong>non-nil</strong> <em>n.</em>, <em>adj.</em> not <span><b>nil</b></span>. Technically, any <span><i>object</i></span> which is not <span><b>nil</b></span> can be referred to as <span><i>true</i></span>, but that would tend to imply a unique view of the <span><i>object</i></span> as a <span><i>generalized boolean</i></span>. Referring to such an <span><i>object</i></span> as <span><i>non-nil</i></span> avoids this implication.</p>
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<p><strong>non-null lexical environment</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>lexical environment</i></span> that has additional</p>
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<p>information not present in the <span><i>global environment</i></span>, such as one or more <span><i>bindings</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-simple</strong> <em>adj.</em> not <span><i>simple</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>non-terminating</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of a <span><i>macro character</i></span> ) being such that it is treated as a</p>
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<p>constituent <span><i>character</i></span> when it appears in the middle of an extended token. See Section 2.2 (Reader Algorithm).</p>
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<p><strong>non-top-level form</strong> <em>n.</em> a <span><i>form</i></span> that, by virtue of its position as a <span><i>subform</i></span> of another <span><i>form</i></span>, is not a <span><i>top level form</i></span>. See Section 3.2.3.1 (Processing of Top Level Forms).</p>
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<p><strong>normal return</strong> <em>n.</em> the natural transfer of control and <span><i>values</i></span> which occurs after the complete <em>execution</em> of a <span><i>form</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>normalized</strong> <em>adj.</em>, <em>ANSI</em>, <em>IEEE</em> (of a <span><i>float</i></span>) conforming to the description of</p>
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<p>“normalized” as described by <em>IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic</em>. See <span><i>denormalized</i></span>.</p>
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<p><span><b>null</b></span> <em>adj.</em>, <em>n.</em> 1. <em>adj.</em> a. (of a <span><i>list</i></span>) having no <span><i>elements</i></span>: empty. See <span><i>empty list</i></span>. b. (of a <span><i>string</i></span>) having a <span><i>length</i></span> of zero. (It is common, both within this document and in observed spoken behavior, to refer to an empty string by an apparent definite reference, as in “the <em>null string</em>” even though no attempt is made to <span><i>intern</i></span><sub>2</sub> null strings. The phrase “a <em>null string</em>” is technically more correct, but is generally considered awkward by most Lisp programmers. As such, the phrase “the <em>null string</em>” should be treated as an indefinite reference in all cases except for anaphoric references.) c. (of an <em>implementation-defined attribute</em> of a <span><i>character</i></span> ) An <span><i>object</i></span> to which the value of that <span><i>attribute</i></span> defaults if no specific value was requested. 2. <em>n.</em> an <span><i>object</i></span> of <span><i>type</i></span> <span><b>null</b></span> (the only such <span><i>object</i></span> being <span><b>nil</b></span>).</p>
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<p><strong>null lexical environment</strong> <em>n.</em> the <span><i>lexical environment</i></span> which has no <span><i>bindings</i></span>.</p>
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<p><span><b>number</b></span> <em>n.</em> an <span><i>object</i></span> of <span><i>type</i></span> <span><b>number</b></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>numeric</strong> <em>adj.</em> (of a <span><i>character</i></span> ) being one of the <span><i>standard characters</i></span> 0 through <em>9</em> , or being some other <em>graphic character</em> defined by the <span><i>implementation</i></span> to be <span><i>numeric</i></span>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/lisp-docs/cl-language-reference/tree/main/docs/chap-26/n.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> by 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