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menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-1/b-b-scope-purpose-and-history.html">1. Introduction</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-2/c-b-character-syntax.html">2. Syntax</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret menu__link--active" aria-expanded="true" href="../d-b-evaluation.html">3. 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href="../d-f-error-checking-in-function-calls.html">3.5 Error Checking in Function Calls</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="../d-g-traversal-rules-and-side-effects.html">3.6 Traversal Rules and Side Effects</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="../d-h-destructive-operations.html">3.7 Destructive Operations</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--active" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0" href="../../category/38-evaluation-and-compilation-dictionary.html">3.8 Evaluation and Compilation Dictionary</a><button aria-label="Collapse sidebar category '3.8 Evaluation and Compilation Dictionary'" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="compile_function.html">compile</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="compiler-macro-function_accessor.html">compiler-macro-function</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="constantp_function.html">constantp</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="declaim_macro.html">declaim</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="declaration_declaration.html">declaration</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="declare_symbol.html">declare</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="define-compiler-macro_macro.html">define-compiler-macro</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="define-symbol-macro_macro.html">define-symbol-macro</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="defmacro_macro.html">defmacro</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" tabindex="0" href="dynamic-extent_declaration.html">dynamic-extent</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="eval-when_special-operator.html">eval-when</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="eval_function.html">eval</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="ftype_declaration.html">ftype</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="ignore_ignorable_declaration.html">ignore, ignorable</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="inline_notinline_declaration.html">inline, notinline</a></li><li 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href="special_declaration.html">special</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="symbol-macrolet_special-operator.html">symbol-macrolet</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="the_special-operator.html">the</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="type_declaration.html">type</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-4/e-b-introduction.html">4. Types and Classes</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-5/f-b-generalized-reference.html">5. Data and Control Flow</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-6/g-b-the-loop-facility.html">6. Iteration</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-7/h-b-object-creation-and-initialization.html">7. Objects</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../category/81-structures-dictionary.html">8. Structures</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-9/j-b-condition-system-concepts.html">9. Conditions</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-10/ba-b-symbol-concepts.html">10. Symbols</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-11/bb-b-package-concepts.html">11. Packages</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-12/bc-b-number-concepts.html">12. Numbers</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-13/bd-b-character-concepts.html">13. Characters</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-14/be-b-cons-concepts.html">14. Conses</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-15/bf-b-array-concepts.html">15. Arrays</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-16/bg-b-string-concepts.html">16. Strings</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-17/bh-b-sequence-concepts.html">17. Sequences</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-18/bi-b-hash-table-concepts.html">18. Hash Tables</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-19/bj-b-overview-of-filenames.html">19. Filenames</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-20/ca-b-file-system-concepts.html">20. Files</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-21/cb-b-stream-concepts.html">21. Streams</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-22/cc-b-the-lisp-printer.html">22. Printer</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-23/cd-b-reader-concepts.html">23. Reader</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-24/ce-b-system-construction-concepts.html">24. System Construction</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-25/cf-b-the-external-environment.html">25. External Environment</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../environments.html">26. Environments</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../meta-object-protocol.html">27. Meta Object Protocol</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../data-structures.html">28. Data Structures</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../portability/trivial-packages.html">29. Portability</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="../../dictionary-entries.html">dictionary-entries</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" aria-expanded="false" href="../../chap-26/intro.html">Glossary</a></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="../../index.html"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">3. Evaluation and Compilation</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="../../category/38-evaluation-and-compilation-dictionary.html"><span itemprop="name">3.8 Evaluation and Compilation Dictionary</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">dynamic-extent</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>dynamic-extent</h1>
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<p><strong>dynamic-extent</strong> <span><i>Declaration</i></span></p>
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<p><strong>Syntax:</strong></p>
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<p>(dynamic-extent [[ <em>{var}</em>* | (<span><b>function</b></span> <em>fn</em>)* ]])</p>
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<p><strong>Arguments:</strong></p>
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<p><em>var</em>—a <em>variable name</em>.</p>
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<p><em>fn</em>—a <span><i>function name</i></span>.</p>
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<p><strong>Valid Context:</strong></p>
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<span><i>declaration</i></span>
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<p><strong>Binding Types Aected:</strong></p>
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<p><span><i>variable</i></span>, <span><i>function</i></span></p>
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<p><strong>Description:</strong></p>
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<p>In some containing <i>form</i>, <i>F</i>, this declaration asserts for each <i>var<sub>i</sub></i> (which need not be bound by <i>F</i>), and for each <i>value v<sub>ij</sub></i> that <i>var<sub>i</sub></i> takes on, and for each <i>object x<sub>ijk</sub></i> that is an <i>otherwise inaccessible part</i> of <i>v<sub>ij</sub></i> at any time when <i>v<sub>ij</sub></i> becomes the value of <i>var<sub>i</sub></i>, that just after the execution of <i>F</i> terminates, <i>x<sub>ijk</sub></i> is either <i>inaccessible</i> (if <i>F</i> established a <i>binding</i> for <i>var<sub>i</sub></i>) or still an <i>otherwise inaccessible part</i> of the current value of <i>var<sub>i</sub></i> (if <i>F</i> did not establish a <i>binding</i> for <i>var<sub>i</sub></i>). The same relation holds for each <i>fn<sub>i</sub></i>, except that the <i>bindings</i> are in the <i>function namespace</i>.</p>
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<p>Evaluation and</p>
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<span><b>dynamic-extent</b></span>
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<p>The compiler is permitted to use this information in any way that is appropriate to the <span><i>implementation</i></span> and that does not conflict with the semantics of Common Lisp.</p>
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<p><span><b>dynamic-extent</b></span> declarations can be <span><i>free declarations</i></span> or <span><i>bound declarations</i></span>.</p>
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<p>The <em>vars</em> and <em>fns</em> named in a <span><b>dynamic-extent</b></span> declaration must not refer to <span><i>symbol macro</i></span> or <span><i>macro</i></span> bindings.</p>
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<p><strong>Examples:</strong></p>
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<div class="language-lisp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-lisp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Since stack allocation of the initial value entails knowing at the *object*’s creation time that the *object* can be *stack-allocated*, it is not generally useful to make a **dynamic-extent** *declaration* for *variables* which have no lexically apparent initial value. For example, it is probably useful to write: </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">f</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments"></span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">This would permit those compilers that wish to do so to *stack allocate* the list held by the local variable x. It is permissible, but in practice probably not as useful, to write: </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">g</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">x</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">f</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments"></span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">g</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Most compilers would probably not *stack allocate* the *argument* to g in f because it would be a modularity violation for the compiler to assume facts about g from within f. Only an implementation that was willing to be responsible for recompiling f if the definition of g changed incompatibly could legitimately *stack allocate* the *list* argument to g in f. </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Here is another example: </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">declaim</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">inline</span><span class="token plain"> g</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">g</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">x</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">f</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments"></span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">g</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">f</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments"></span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">flet</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">g</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">g</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">In the previous example, some compilers might determine that optimization was possible and others might not. </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">A variant of this is the so-called “stack allocated rest list” that can be achieved </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">in</span><span class="token plain"> implementations supporting the optimization</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> by: </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">f</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars lisp-marker">&rest</span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars"> </span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">x</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> **dynamic-extent** </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Note that although the initial value of x is not explicit, the f function is responsible for assembling the list x from the passed arguments, so the f function can be optimized by the compiler to construct a *stack-allocated* list instead of a heap-allocated list in implementations that support such. </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">In the following example, </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> ’a1 ’b1 ’c1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">y</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">cons</span><span class="token plain"> ’a2 </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">cons</span><span class="token plain"> ’b2 </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">cons</span><span class="token plain"> ’c2 </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">nil</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x y</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ...</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">The *otherwise inaccessible parts* of x are three *conses*, and the *otherwise inaccessible parts* of y are three other *conses*. None of the symbols a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, or **nil** is an *otherwise inaccessible part* of x or y because each is *interned* and hence *accessible* by the *package* </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">or</span><span class="token plain"> *packages*</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> in which it is *interned*. However, if a freshly allocated *uninterned symbol* had been used, it would have been an *otherwise inaccessible part* of the *list* which contained it. </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; In this example, the implementation is permitted to *stack allocate* </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; the list that is bound to X. </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">print</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token lisp-property property" style="color:#36acaa">:done</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">▷ </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">*!* </span><span class="token lisp-property property" style="color:#36acaa">:DONE</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; In this example, the list to be bound to L can be *stack-allocated*. </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">zap</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">x</span><span class="token defun arguments"> </span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">y</span><span class="token defun arguments"> </span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">z</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">do</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">l</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> x y z</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">cdr</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">prin1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">car</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> *!* ZAP </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">zap</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">▷ </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">123</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">*!* NIL </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; Some implementations might open-code LIST-ALL-PACKAGES in a way </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; that permits using *stack allocation* of the list to be bound to L. </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">do</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">l</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list-all-packages</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">cdr</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">null</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">package-name</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">car</span><span class="token plain"> l</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">when</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">string-search</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"COMMON-LISP"</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">print</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">▷ </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"COMMON-LISP"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Evaluation and </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">▷ </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"COMMON-LISP-USER"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">*!* NIL </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; Some implementations might have the ability to *stack allocate* </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; rest lists. A declaration such as the following should be a cue </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; to such implementations that stack-allocation of the rest list </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; would be desirable. </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">add</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars lisp-marker">&rest</span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars"> </span><span class="token defun arguments rest-vars argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">x</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">apply</span><span class="token plain"> #’+ x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> *!* ADD </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">add</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> *!* </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">6</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun keyword" style="color:#00009f">defun</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun function" style="color:#d73a49">zap</span><span class="token defun"> </span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">n</span><span class="token defun arguments"> </span><span class="token defun arguments argument variable" style="color:#36acaa">m</span><span class="token defun punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; Computes (RANDOM (+ M 1)) at relative speed of roughly O(N). </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; It may be slow, but with a good compiler at least it </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">;; doesn’t waste much heap storage. :-\&#125; </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">a</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">make-array</span><span class="token plain"> n</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> a</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dotimes</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">i</span><span class="token plain"> n</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">setf</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">aref</span><span class="token plain"> a i</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">random</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">+</span><span class="token plain"> i </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">aref</span><span class="token plain"> a m</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> *!* ZAP </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car"><</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">zap</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">5</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> *! true* </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">The following are in error, since the value of x is used outside of its *extent*: </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">length</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">; Invalid </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">progn</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">x</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">list</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">; Invalid </span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token declare keyword" style="color:#00009f">declare</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">nil</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
|
||
<p><strong>See Also:</strong></p>
|
||
<span><b>declare</b></span>
|
||
<p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
|
||
<p>The most common optimization is to <span><i>stack allocate</i></span> the initial value of the <span><i>objects</i></span> named by the <em>vars</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>It is permissible for an implementation to simply ignore this declaration.</p>
|
||
<span><b>type</b></span>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="expanded-reference-dynamic-extent">Expanded Reference: dynamic-extent<a href="dynamic-extent_declaration.html#expanded-reference-dynamic-extent" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Expanded Reference: dynamic-extent" title="Direct link to Expanded Reference: dynamic-extent"></a></h2>
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<div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-tip admonition_xJq3 alert alert--success"><div class="admonitionHeading_Gvgb"><span class="admonitionIcon_Rf37"><svg viewBox="0 0 12 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.5 0C3.48 0 1 2.19 1 5c0 .92.55 2.25 1 3 1.34 2.25 1.78 2.78 2 4v1h5v-1c.22-1.22.66-1.75 2-4 .45-.75 1-2.08 1-3 0-2.81-2.48-5-5.5-5zm3.64 7.48c-.25.44-.47.8-.67 1.11-.86 1.41-1.25 2.06-1.45 3.23-.02.05-.02.11-.02.17H5c0-.06 0-.13-.02-.17-.2-1.17-.59-1.83-1.45-3.23-.2-.31-.42-.67-.67-1.11C2.44 6.78 2 5.65 2 5c0-2.2 2.02-4 4.5-4 1.22 0 2.36.42 3.22 1.19C10.55 2.94 11 3.94 11 5c0 .66-.44 1.78-.86 2.48zM4 14h5c-.23 1.14-1.3 2-2.5 2s-2.27-.86-2.5-2z"></path></svg></span>tip</div><div class="admonitionContent_BuS1"><p>TODO: Please contribute to this page by adding explanations and examples</p></div></div>
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<div class="language-lisp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-lisp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token car">dynamic-extent</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg 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