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<a class="dropdown-item" tabindex="-1" href="Intro.html#"><b>Chapter 1</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="IntroConcSysOverview.html"> 1.1. Introduction to Concurrent Systems</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SysAndModels.html"> 1.2. Systems and Models</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Themes.html"> 1.3. Themes and Guiding Principles</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Architectures.html"> 1.4. System Architectures</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="StateModels.html"> 1.5. State Models in UML</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SequenceModels.html"> 1.6. Sequence Models in UML</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="StateModelImplementation.html"> 1.7. Extended Example: State Model Implementation</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 2</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ProcessesOverview.html"> 2.1. Processes and OS Basics</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Multiprogramming.html"> 2.2. Processes and Multiprogramming</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="KernelMechanics.html"> 2.3. Kernel Mechanics</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Syscall.html"> 2.4. System Call Interface</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ProcessCycle.html"> 2.5. Process Life Cycle</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="UnixFile.html"> 2.6. The UNIX File Abstraction</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="EventsSignals.html"> 2.7. Events and Signals</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended2Processes.html"> 2.8. Extended Example: Listing Files with Processes</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 3</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="IPCOverview.html"> 3.1. Concurrency with IPC</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="IPCModels.html"> 3.2. IPC Models</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Pipes.html"> 3.3. Pipes and FIFOs</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="MMap.html"> 3.4. Shared Memory With Memory-mapped Files</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="POSIXvSysV.html"> 3.5. POSIX vs. System V IPC</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="MQueues.html"> 3.6. Message Passing With Message Queues</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ShMem.html"> 3.7. Shared Memory</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="IPCSems.html"> 3.8. Semaphores</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended3Bash.html"> 3.9. Extended Example: Bash-lite: A Simple Command-line Shell</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 4</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SocketsOverview.html"> 4.1. Networked Concurrency</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="FiveLayer.html"> 4.2. The TCP/IP Internet Model</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="NetApps.html"> 4.3. Network Applications and Protocols</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Sockets.html"> 4.4. The Socket Interface</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="TCPSockets.html"> 4.5. TCP Socket Programming: HTTP</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="UDPSockets.html"> 4.6. UDP Socket Programming: DNS</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="AppBroadcast.html"> 4.7. Application-Layer Broadcasting: DHCP</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended4CGI.html"> 4.8. Extended Example: CGI Web Server</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 5</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="InternetOverview.html"> 5.1. The Internet and Connectivity</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="AppLayer.html"> 5.2. Application Layer: Overlay Networks</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="TransLayer.html"> 5.3. Transport Layer</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="NetSec.html"> 5.4. Network Security Fundamentals</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="NetLayer.html"> 5.5. Network Layer: IP</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="LinkLayer.html"> 5.6. Link Layer</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Wireless.html"> 5.7. Wireless Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended5DNS.html"> 5.8. Extended Example: DNS client</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 6</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ThreadsOverview.html"> 6.1. Concurrency with Multithreading</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ProcVThreads.html"> 6.2. Processes vs. Threads</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="RaceConditions.html"> 6.3. Race Conditions and Critical Sections</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="POSIXThreads.html"> 6.4. POSIX Thread Library</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ThreadArgs.html"> 6.5. Thread Arguments and Return Values</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ImplicitThreads.html"> 6.6. Implicit Threading and Language-based Threads</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended6Input.html"> 6.7. Extended Example: Keyboard Input Listener</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended6Primes.html"> 6.8. Extended Example: Concurrent Prime Number Search</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 7</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SynchOverview.html"> 7.1. Synchronization Primitives</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="CritSect.html"> 7.2. Critical Sections and Peterson's Solution</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Locks.html"> 7.3. Locks</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Semaphores.html"> 7.4. Semaphores</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Barriers.html"> 7.5. Barriers</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Condvars.html"> 7.6. Condition Variables</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Deadlock.html"> 7.7. Deadlock</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended7Events.html"> 7.8. Extended Example: Event Log File</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 8</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SynchProblemsOverview.html"> 8.1. Synchronization Patterns and Problems</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="SynchDesign.html"> 8.2. Basic Synchronization Design Patterns</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ProdCons.html"> 8.3. Producer-Consumer Problem</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ReadWrite.html"> 8.4. Readers-Writers Problem</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="DiningPhil.html"> 8.5. Dining Philosophers Problem and Deadlock</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="CigSmokers.html"> 8.6. Cigarette Smokers Problem and the Limits of Semaphores and Locks</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended8ModExp.html"> 8.7. Extended Example: Parallel Modular Exponentiation</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Chapter 9</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ParallelDistributedOverview.html"> 9.1. Parallel and Distributed Systems</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ParVConc.html"> 9.2. Parallelism vs. Concurrency</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="ParallelDesign.html"> 9.3. Parallel Design Patterns</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Scaling.html"> 9.4. Limits of Parallelism and Scaling</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="DistTiming.html"> 9.5. Timing in Distributed Environments</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="DistDataStorage.html"> 9.6. Reliable Data Storage and Location</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="DistConsensus.html"> 9.7. Consensus in Distributed Systems</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Extended9Blockchain.html"> 9.8. Extended Example: Blockchain Proof-of-Work</a>
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<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
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<a class="dropdown-item disabled"><b>Appendix A</b></a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="CLangOverview.html"> A.1. C Language Reintroduction</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Debugging.html"> A.2. Documentation and Debugging</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="BasicTypes.html"> A.3. Basic Types and Pointers</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Arrays.html"> A.4. Arrays, Structs, Enums, and Type Definitions</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Functions.html"> A.5. Functions and Scope</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Pointers.html"> A.6. Pointers and Dynamic Allocation</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Strings.html"> A.7. Strings</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="FunctionPointers.html"> A.8. Function Pointers</a>
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<a class="dropdown-item" href="Files.html"> A.9. Files</a>
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<script>ODSA.SETTINGS.DISP_MOD_COMP = true;ODSA.SETTINGS.MODULE_NAME = "Intro";ODSA.SETTINGS.MODULE_LONG_NAME = "How to Use this System";ODSA.SETTINGS.MODULE_CHAPTER = "Preface"; ODSA.SETTINGS.BUILD_DATE = "2021-06-01 15:31:50"; ODSA.SETTINGS.BUILD_CMAP = false;JSAV_OPTIONS['lang']='en';JSAV_EXERCISE_OPTIONS['code']='java';</script><div class="section" id="how-to-use-this-system">
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<h1>0.2. How to Use this System<a class="headerlink" href="Intro.html#how-to-use-this-system" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Welcome to OpenCSF!</strong>
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OpenCSF is an open source project whose goal is to provide a freely
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available textbook for Computer Systems Fundamentals.
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OpenCSF is built on the OpenDSA platform, created at Virginia Tech.
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The automated build process uses the OpenDSA scripts, but with some
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custom modifications to specify formatting features and a more custom
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style. In this initial release, OpenCSF contains the text of Computer
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Systems Fundamentals, along with interactive question sets. These
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question sets are not linked to any particular learning management
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system.</p>
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<p><strong>Question Sets:</strong>
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Most modules finish with a collection of multiple
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choice, True/False, or type-a-number questions.
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To get credit for a question set, you will have to
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answer some number of the questions correctly (the exact number
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required can be different for each question set).
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Once you have credit, the interface should indicate this.
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You can still get more questions at that point if you would like more
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practice.
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Above the question on the right-hand side is a counter to indicate
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your current number of questions correct out of the total number
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needed to complete the exercise.
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If you answer a question wrong, your progress toward the completion
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threshold will go backwards by one point.
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(And you will still have to answer that question before you can
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continue!)
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Note that once you have been given completion credit for the question
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set, you cannot lose that credit by answering more questions, even if
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you then get some wrong.</p>
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<p>The question sets work by randomly selecting from the questions
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available to that set.
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Typically, once you correctly answer a question, you will not see it
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again (or at least not with the same inputs).
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But if you answer it incorrectly (and then clear it with the correct
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answer), it might appear again.</p>
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<p>The questions will have “hints” that you can use to help you
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figure out the answer.
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If you take a hint, you will not get credit for that question toward
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completing the exercise.
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However, you will not lose a point on that question, either.</p>
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<p><strong>Enlarging Equations:</strong>
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Math is rendered using the MathJAX library,
|
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which gives you a lot of options on how you can see things.
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Most importantly, if you right click on any math equation, you will
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get a context menu that includes “Math Settings”.
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This in turn has a sub-menu named “Zoom Trigger”.
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With that, you can set zoom to “hover” or “click”.
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From then on, hovering or clicking (if you had selected one) on any
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equation will make it larger.
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This can really help with reading some of the equations.</p>
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</div>
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«  <a id="prevmod1" href="About.html">0.1. About OpenCSF</a>
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<a class="uplink" href="index.html">Contents</a>
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<a id="nextmod1" href="IntroConcSysOverview.html">1.1. Introduction to Concurrent Systems</a>  »
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<a id="license" class="btn button-link-no-blue jmu-gold" rel="nofollow" href="https://w3.cs.jmu.edu/kirkpams/OpenCSF/lib/license.html" target="_blank">License</a>
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