7936 lines
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HTML
7936 lines
716 KiB
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Window Functions
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<span class="fancy_toc_mark" id="toc_mk">►</span>
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Table Of Contents
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<div id="toc_sub"><div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#introduction_to_window_functions">1. Introduction to Window Functions</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#aggregate_window_functions">2. Aggregate Window Functions</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_partition_by_clause">2.1. The PARTITION BY Clause</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#frame_specifications">2.2. Frame Specifications</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#frame_type">2.2.1. Frame Type</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#frame_boundaries">2.2.2. Frame Boundaries</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc3"><a href="#the_exclude_clause">2.2.3. The EXCLUDE Clause</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc2"><a href="#the_filter_clause">2.3. The FILTER Clause</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#built_in_window_functions">3. Built-in Window Functions</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#window_chaining">4. Window Chaining</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#user_defined_aggregate_window_functions">5. User-Defined Aggregate Window Functions</a></div>
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<div class="fancy-toc1"><a href="#history">6. History</a></div>
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<h1 id="introduction_to_window_functions"><span>1. </span>Introduction to Window Functions</h1>
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<p>A window function is an SQL function where the input
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values are taken from
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a "window" of one or more rows in the results set of a SELECT statement.
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</p><p>Window functions are distinguished from <a href="lang_corefunc.html">scalar functions</a> and
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<a href="lang_aggfunc.html">aggregate functions</a> by the
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presence of an OVER clause. If a function has an OVER clause,
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then it is a window function. If it lacks an OVER clause, then it is an
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ordinary aggregate or scalar function. Window functions might also
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have a FILTER clause in between the function and the OVER clause.
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</p><p>The syntax for a window function is like this:
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-function-invocation.html">window-function-invocation:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/function-arguments.html">function-arguments:</a></b>
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<text x="278" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M105,132L149,132A15 15 0 0 0 164 117L164,117A15 15 0 0 0 149 101L105,101A15 15 0 0 0 90 117L90,117A15 15 0 0 0 105 132Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
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<button id='x98ae4005' onclick='hideorshow("x98ae4005","x0a87bd5c")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x0a87bd5c' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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|
</div>
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|
</div>
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|
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x4a625953' onclick='hideorshow("x4a625953","x9125574b")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x9125574b' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:341px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 341.376 336.96">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,319 39,324 39,315" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,304 Q 24,319 34,319 L 45,319" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M65,334L252,334A15 15 0 0 0 267 319A15 15 0 0 0 252 304L65,304A15 15 0 0 0 50 319A15 15 0 0 0 65 334Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="319" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</text>
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<path d="M267,319L284,319" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="332,17 320,21 320,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<circle cx="335" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,32L172,32A15 15 0 0 0 187 17A15 15 0 0 0 172 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="119" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text>
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<text x="109" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">string-literal</text>
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<text x="103" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">blob-literal</text>
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<path d="M205,244L284,244" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,244 L 297,244 Q 305,244 305,236 L 305,229" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,297L192,297A15 15 0 0 0 207 281A15 15 0 0 0 192 266L66,266A15 15 0 0 0 50 281A15 15 0 0 0 66 297Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/over-clause.html">over-clause:</a></b>
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<button id='xb0bfa350' onclick='hideorshow("xb0bfa350","x3b0338ed")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x3b0338ed' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<path d="M47,32L78,32A15 15 0 0 0 93 17A15 15 0 0 0 78 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="356" y="157" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
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|
<button id='x2961ee84' onclick='hideorshow("x2961ee84","x04891692")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x04891692' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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<path d="M66,108L120,108A15 15 0 0 0 135 92A15 15 0 0 0 120 77L66,77A15 15 0 0 0 50 92A15 15 0 0 0 66 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="93" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUPS</text>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<button id='xcf7c2f66' onclick='hideorshow("xcf7c2f66","x4da0c1d5")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x4da0c1d5' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
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<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
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<button id='xd499344a' onclick='hideorshow("xd499344a","x86451066")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x86451066' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:627px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 627.302 147.96">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L82,32A15 15 0 0 0 97 17A15 15 0 0 0 82 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="65" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RAISE</text>
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<polygon points="120,17 109,21 109,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M97,17L114,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M135,32L135,32A15 15 0 0 0 150 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 2L135,2A15 15 0 0 0 120 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="135" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="192,55 180,59 180,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M150,17 L 158,17 Q 165,17 165,32 L 165,40 Q 165,55 176,55 L 186,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M207,70L285,70A15 15 0 0 0 300 55L300,55A15 15 0 0 0 285 39L207,39A15 15 0 0 0 192 55L192,55A15 15 0 0 0 207 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="246" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ROLLBACK</text>
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<polygon points="336,55 324,59 324,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M300,55L330,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M351,70A15 15 0 0 0 366 55L366,55A15 15 0 0 0 351 39A15 15 0 0 0 336 55L336,55A15 15 0 0 0 351 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="351" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M366,55L383,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M404,70L508,70A15 15 0 0 0 523 55L523,55A15 15 0 0 0 508 39L404,39A15 15 0 0 0 389 55L389,55A15 15 0 0 0 404 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="456" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">error-message</text>
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<path d="M523,55 L 530,55 Q 538,55 538,40 L 538,32 Q 538,17 548,17 L 558,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M579,32A15 15 0 0 0 594 17A15 15 0 0 0 579 2A15 15 0 0 0 564 17A15 15 0 0 0 579 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="579" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<path d="M594,17L612,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="621" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="192,17 180,21 180,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M150,17L186,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M207,32L259,32A15 15 0 0 0 274 17A15 15 0 0 0 259 2L207,2A15 15 0 0 0 192 17A15 15 0 0 0 207 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="233" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">IGNORE</text>
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<polygon points="456,17 444,21 444,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M274,17L450,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M456,17L553,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M207,108L249,108A15 15 0 0 0 264 92A15 15 0 0 0 249 77L207,77A15 15 0 0 0 192 92A15 15 0 0 0 207 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="228" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ABORT</text>
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<polygon points="300,92 288,97 288,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M264,92L294,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M300,92 L 307,92 Q 315,92 315,77 L 315,70 Q 315,55 322,55 L 330,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M207,145L229,145A15 15 0 0 0 244 130A15 15 0 0 0 229 115L207,115A15 15 0 0 0 192 130A15 15 0 0 0 207 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="218" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FAIL</text>
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<polygon points="300,130 288,135 288,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M244,130L294,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M300,130 L 307,130 Q 315,130 315,115 L 315,92 L 315,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="192,130 180,135 180,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M165,39 L 165,115 Q 165,130 176,130 L 186,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="192,92 180,97 180,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M165,77 L 165,85 Q 165,92 176,92 L 186,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='x3e9b2388' onclick='hideorshow("x3e9b2388","x1db2093e")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x1db2093e' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:669px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 669.677 1162.3">
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<path d="M55,845L667,845L667,99L55,99Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:3.24;stroke:rgb(211,211,211);" />
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<circle cx="6" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="46,17 34,21 34,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M10,17L40,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M61,32L92,32A15 15 0 0 0 107 17A15 15 0 0 0 92 2L61,2A15 15 0 0 0 46 17A15 15 0 0 0 61 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="76" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">WITH</text>
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<path d="M167,62L253,62A15 15 0 0 0 268 47L268,47A15 15 0 0 0 253 32L167,32A15 15 0 0 0 152 47L152,47A15 15 0 0 0 167 62Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="210" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RECURSIVE</text>
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<path d="M107,17L204,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="358,17 346,21 346,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M210,17L352,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M358,32L584,32L584,2L358,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">common-table-expression</text>
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<path d="M107,17 L 114,17 Q 122,17 122,32 L 122,32 Q 122,47 134,47 L 146,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="291,47 279,51 279,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M268,47L285,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M471,70A15 15 0 0 0 486 55L486,55A15 15 0 0 0 471 39A15 15 0 0 0 456 55L456,55A15 15 0 0 0 471 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M456,55 L 350,55 Q 335,55 335,40 L 335,32 Q 335,17 340,17 L 346,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="295,83 307,79 307,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M584,17 L 592,17 Q 599,17 599,32 L 599,68 Q 599,83 584,83 L 316,83 L 301,83" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M295,83 L 40,83 Q 25,83 25,98 L 25,113" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="55,129 43,133 43,124" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M55,129L121,129" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M142,144L193,144A15 15 0 0 0 208 129A15 15 0 0 0 193 114L142,114A15 15 0 0 0 127 129A15 15 0 0 0 142 144Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="167" y="129" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">SELECT</text>
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<path d="M265,174L333,174A15 15 0 0 0 348 159A15 15 0 0 0 333 144L265,144A15 15 0 0 0 250 159A15 15 0 0 0 265 174Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="299" y="159" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DISTINCT</text>
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
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<button id='x22e81d6a' onclick='hideorshow("x22e81d6a","x4c1ab371")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x4c1ab371' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:638px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 638.525 167.4">
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<polygon points="32,29 20,33 20,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,29L26,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,44L122,44A15 15 0 0 0 137 29A15 15 0 0 0 122 14L47,14A15 15 0 0 0 32 29A15 15 0 0 0 47 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="85" y="29" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
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<path d="M160,29L191,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="211" y="29" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<text x="348" y="29" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
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<text x="49" y="150" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
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<text x="137" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NOT</text>
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<text x="278" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">MATERIALIZED</text>
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<path d="M448,165L552,165L552,135L448,135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
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<button id='x89950653' onclick='hideorshow("x89950653","xceff8d96")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='xceff8d96' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:293px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 293.842 147.96">
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,17 56,21 56,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M32,17L62,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M83,32L127,32A15 15 0 0 0 142 17A15 15 0 0 0 127 2L83,2A15 15 0 0 0 68 17A15 15 0 0 0 83 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="105" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
|
|
<path d="M83,70L127,70A15 15 0 0 0 142 55L142,55A15 15 0 0 0 127 39L83,39A15 15 0 0 0 68 55L68,55A15 15 0 0 0 83 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="105" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
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<path d="M83,108L168,108A15 15 0 0 0 183 92A15 15 0 0 0 168 77L83,77A15 15 0 0 0 68 92A15 15 0 0 0 83 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="125" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INTERSECT</text>
|
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<path d="M83,145L135,145A15 15 0 0 0 150 130A15 15 0 0 0 135 115L83,115A15 15 0 0 0 68 130A15 15 0 0 0 83 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="109" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCEPT</text>
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<polygon points="165,55 153,59 153,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M142,55L159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M180,70L195,70A15 15 0 0 0 210 55L210,55A15 15 0 0 0 195 39L180,39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="187" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ALL</text>
|
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<polygon points="233,55 221,59 221,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M210,55L227,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="284,17 272,21 272,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M233,55 L 240,55 Q 248,55 248,40 L 248,32 Q 248,17 263,17 L 263,17 L 278,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="288" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,55 56,59 56,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,17 L 39,17 Q 47,17 47,32 L 47,40 Q 47,55 55,55 L 62,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M142,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,92 56,97 56,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M47,39 L 47,77 Q 47,92 55,92 L 62,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="233,92 221,97 221,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M183,92L227,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M233,92 L 240,92 Q 248,92 248,77 L 248,54 L 248,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="68,130 56,135 56,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M47,77 L 47,115 Q 47,130 55,130 L 62,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="233,130 221,135 221,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M150,130L227,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M233,130 L 240,130 Q 248,130 248,115 L 248,92 L 248,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
|
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<button id='x5ecb3f06' onclick='hideorshow("x5ecb3f06","x25642fa8")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x25642fa8' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:793px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 793.282 84.24">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M32,32L193,32L193,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="112" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
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<polygon points="259,47 247,51 247,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M193,17 L 200,17 Q 208,17 208,32 L 208,32 Q 208,47 223,47 L 238,47 L 253,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M259,62L380,62L380,32L259,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="319" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-operator</text>
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<polygon points="403,47 391,51 391,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M380,47L397,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M403,62L564,62L564,32L403,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="483" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
|
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<polygon points="587,47 575,51 575,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,47L581,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M587,62L721,62L721,32L587,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="654" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-constraint</text>
|
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<polygon points="783,17 772,21 772,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M721,47 L 742,47 Q 757,47 757,32 L 757,32 Q 757,17 767,17 L 778,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="787" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="483,17 472,21 472,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M193,17L478,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M483,17L776,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="483,77 495,73 495,82" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M721,47 L 728,47 Q 736,47 736,62 L 736,62 Q 736,77 721,77 L 504,77 L 489,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<path d="M483,77 L 247,77 Q 232,77 232,62 L 232,62 Q 232,47 246,47 L 259,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x9f0e73e3' onclick='hideorshow("x9f0e73e3","x105195d3")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x105195d3' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:483px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 483.336 126.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,55 39,59 39,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,40 Q 24,55 34,55 L 45,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,70L104,70A15 15 0 0 0 120 55L120,55A15 15 0 0 0 104 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="85" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">USING</text>
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<polygon points="143,55 131,59 131,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M120,55L137,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M158,70A15 15 0 0 0 173 55L173,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 39A15 15 0 0 0 143 55L143,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="209,55 197,59 197,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M173,55L203,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M224,70L318,70A15 15 0 0 0 333 55L333,55A15 15 0 0 0 318 39L224,39A15 15 0 0 0 209 55L209,55A15 15 0 0 0 224 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="271" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
|
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<polygon points="369,55 358,59 358,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M333,55L363,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M384,70A15 15 0 0 0 399 55L399,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 39A15 15 0 0 0 369 55L369,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="384" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="422,55 411,59 411,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M399,55L417,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="473,17 462,21 462,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M422,55 L 430,55 Q 437,55 437,40 L 437,32 Q 437,17 452,17 L 453,17 L 468,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="477" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M271,108A15 15 0 0 0 286 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 77A15 15 0 0 0 256 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="271" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
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<polygon points="286,92 298,88 298,97" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M333,55 L 341,55 Q 348,55 348,70 L 348,77 Q 348,92 333,92 L 307,92 L 292,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M256,92 L 197,92 Q 182,92 182,77 L 182,70 Q 182,55 190,55 L 197,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,17 39,21 39,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L45,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M66,32L74,32A15 15 0 0 0 90 17A15 15 0 0 0 74 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ON</text>
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<polygon points="113,17 101,21 101,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M90,17L107,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M113,32L162,32L162,2L113,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="137" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
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<polygon points="422,17 411,21 411,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M162,17L417,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M422,17L462,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="209,120 197,124 197,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,105 Q 24,120 39,120 L 188,120 L 203,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M209,120 L 422,120 Q 437,120 437,105 L 437,54 L 437,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xfa31f036' onclick='hideorshow("xfa31f036","x58a596b4")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x58a596b4' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:620px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 620.333 255.312">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,71 39,76 39,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,56 Q 24,71 34,71 L 45,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M66,86L133,86A15 15 0 0 0 148 71A15 15 0 0 0 133 56L66,56A15 15 0 0 0 50 71A15 15 0 0 0 66 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="99" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NATURAL</text>
|
|
<polygon points="189,41 178,45 178,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M148,71 L 155,71 Q 163,71 163,56 L 163,56 Q 163,41 173,41 L 184,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="231,71 219,76 219,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,56 Q 204,71 215,71 L 225,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M246,86L273,86A15 15 0 0 0 288 71A15 15 0 0 0 273 56L246,56A15 15 0 0 0 231 71A15 15 0 0 0 246 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="259" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LEFT</text>
|
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<polygon points="378,71 366,76 366,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M288,71L372,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M393,86L437,86A15 15 0 0 0 452 71A15 15 0 0 0 437 56L393,56A15 15 0 0 0 378 71A15 15 0 0 0 393 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="415" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OUTER</text>
|
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<polygon points="475,71 463,76 463,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M452,71L469,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="516,41 505,45 505,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M475,71 L 482,71 Q 490,71 490,56 L 490,56 Q 490,41 500,41 L 511,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M532,56L554,56A15 15 0 0 0 569 41A15 15 0 0 0 554 26L532,26A15 15 0 0 0 516 41A15 15 0 0 0 532 56Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="543" y="41" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">JOIN</text>
|
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<polygon points="610,17 599,21 599,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M569,41 L 576,41 Q 584,41 584,29 Q 584,17 594,17 L 605,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="614" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M310,32A15 15 0 0 0 325 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 2A15 15 0 0 0 295 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="295,17 283,21 283,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L289,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M325,17L599,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="99,41 88,45 88,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,29 Q 24,41 39,41 L 78,41 L 93,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M99,41L178,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M189,41L505,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="231,109 219,113 219,105" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M246,124L284,124A15 15 0 0 0 299 109A15 15 0 0 0 284 94L246,94A15 15 0 0 0 231 109A15 15 0 0 0 246 124Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="265" y="109" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RIGHT</text>
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|
<path d="M246,162L274,162A15 15 0 0 0 289 147A15 15 0 0 0 274 132L246,132A15 15 0 0 0 231 147A15 15 0 0 0 246 162Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="260" y="147" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FULL</text>
|
|
<path d="M289,147 L 302,147 Q 314,147 314,132 L 314,109 L 314,94" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,192 219,196 219,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,177 Q 204,192 215,192 L 225,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,207L287,207A15 15 0 0 0 302 192A15 15 0 0 0 287 177L246,177A15 15 0 0 0 231 192A15 15 0 0 0 246 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="192" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INNER</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,192 463,196 463,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M302,192L469,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,192 L 482,192 Q 490,192 490,185 L 490,177" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,238 219,242 219,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,223 Q 24,238 39,238 L 210,238 L 225,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,253L287,253A15 15 0 0 0 303 238A15 15 0 0 0 287 222L246,222A15 15 0 0 0 231 238A15 15 0 0 0 246 253Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CROSS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,238 463,242 463,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M303,238L469,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,238 L 482,238 Q 490,238 490,223 L 490,71 L 490,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x50e5887c' onclick='hideorshow("x50e5887c","x3985c24c")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x3985c24c' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x0857d62f' onclick='hideorshow("x0857d62f","x094cf564")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x094cf564' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:398px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 398.054 163.08">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="45,17 33,21 33,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M45,32L94,32L94,2L45,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="69" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="136,55 124,59 124,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M94,17 L 102,17 Q 109,17 109,32 L 109,40 Q 109,55 119,55 L 130,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M151,70L155,70A15 15 0 0 0 170 55L170,55A15 15 0 0 0 155 39L151,39A15 15 0 0 0 136 55L136,55A15 15 0 0 0 151 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="153" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="206,55 194,59 194,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M170,55L200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M221,70L309,70A15 15 0 0 0 324 55L324,55A15 15 0 0 0 309 39L221,39A15 15 0 0 0 206 55L206,55A15 15 0 0 0 221 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="265" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-alias</text>
|
|
<polygon points="347,55 335,59 335,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M324,55L341,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="388,17 377,21 377,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M347,55 L 354,55 Q 362,55 362,40 L 362,32 Q 362,17 372,17 L 382,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="392" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="153,85 141,89 141,81" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M109,39 L 109,70 Q 109,85 124,85 L 132,85 L 147,85" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M153,85 L 170,85 Q 185,85 185,70 L 185,70 Q 185,55 192,55 L 200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="241,17 230,21 230,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M94,17L235,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M241,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,108 39,112 39,103" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,93 Q 24,108 34,108 L 45,108" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,123A15 15 0 0 0 81 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 92A15 15 0 0 0 50 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 123Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="66" y="108" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
|
|
<polygon points="347,108 335,112 335,103" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,108L341,108" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M347,108 L 354,108 Q 362,108 362,93 L 362,54 L 362,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,145 39,150 39,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M24,92 L 24,130 Q 24,145 34,145 L 45,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,160L141,160A15 15 0 0 0 156 145A15 15 0 0 0 141 130L66,130A15 15 0 0 0 50 145A15 15 0 0 0 66 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="103" y="145" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="179,145 167,150 167,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M156,145L173,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M194,160A15 15 0 0 0 209 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 130A15 15 0 0 0 179 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="194" y="145" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">.</text>
|
|
<polygon points="232,145 221,150 221,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M209,145L226,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M247,160A15 15 0 0 0 262 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 130A15 15 0 0 0 232 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="247" y="145" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
|
|
<polygon points="347,145 335,150 335,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M262,145L341,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M347,145 L 354,145 Q 362,145 362,130 L 362,107 L 362,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xee1e290d' onclick='hideorshow("xee1e290d","x1d3f9721")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x1d3f9721' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:720px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 720.778 457.704">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="36" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,74 39,78 39,70" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,36 L 16,36 Q 24,36 24,51 L 24,59 Q 24,74 34,74 L 45,74" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,89L162,89A15 15 0 0 0 177 74L177,74A15 15 0 0 0 162 59L66,59A15 15 0 0 0 50 74L50,74A15 15 0 0 0 66 89Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="114" y="74" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">schema-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="194,74 183,78 183,70" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M177,74L189,74" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M209,89A15 15 0 0 0 225 74L225,74A15 15 0 0 0 209 59A15 15 0 0 0 194 74L194,74A15 15 0 0 0 209 89Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="209" y="74" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">.</text>
|
|
<polygon points="266,36 255,41 255,32" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M225,74 L 232,74 Q 240,74 240,59 L 240,51 Q 240,36 250,36 L 260,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M281,51L356,51A15 15 0 0 0 371 36A15 15 0 0 0 356 21L281,21A15 15 0 0 0 266 36A15 15 0 0 0 281 51Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="319" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="407,36 396,41 396,32" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M371,36L402,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M423,51L427,51A15 15 0 0 0 442 36A15 15 0 0 0 427 21L423,21A15 15 0 0 0 407 36A15 15 0 0 0 423 51Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="425" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="478,36 466,41 466,32" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M442,36L472,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M493,51L561,51A15 15 0 0 0 577 36A15 15 0 0 0 561 21L493,21A15 15 0 0 0 478 36A15 15 0 0 0 493 51Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="527" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-alias</text>
|
|
<path d="M9,36L255,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="422,6 411,10 411,2" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M371,36 L 379,36 Q 386,36 386,21 L 386,21 Q 386,6 401,6 L 402,6 L 417,6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="281" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
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<polygon points="367,55 356,59 356,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M350,55L362,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M382,70A15 15 0 0 0 398 55L398,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 39A15 15 0 0 0 367 55L367,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="382" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="600,55 589,59 589,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M398,55L594,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M600,55 L 608,55 Q 615,55 615,47 L 615,40" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="74,47 85,43 85,51" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M102,17 L 110,17 Q 117,17 117,32 L 117,32 Q 117,47 102,47 L 94,47 L 79,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M74,47 L 33,47 Q 18,47 18,32 L 18,32 Q 18,17 26,17 L 33,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="382,17 371,21 371,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M102,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M382,17L630,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
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<button id='xbfbe88e9' onclick='hideorshow("xbfbe88e9","x27d3cd5a")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x27d3cd5a' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:292px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 292.013 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,44 39,48 39,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,30 Q 24,44 34,44 L 45,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,59A15 15 0 0 0 81 44L81,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 29A15 15 0 0 0 50 44L50,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="66" y="44" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">+</text>
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<polygon points="122,17 111,21 111,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,44 L 88,44 Q 96,44 96,30 Q 96,17 106,17 L 116,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M137,32L244,32A15 15 0 0 0 259 17A15 15 0 0 0 244 2L137,2A15 15 0 0 0 122 17A15 15 0 0 0 137 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="191" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text>
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<polygon points="282,17 271,21 271,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M259,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="286" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,82 39,86 39,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,67 Q 24,82 34,82 L 45,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,97A15 15 0 0 0 81 82L81,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 67A15 15 0 0 0 50 82L50,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="66" y="82" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">-</text>
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<path d="M81,82 L 88,82 Q 96,82 96,67 L 96,44 L 96,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="66,17 54,21 54,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L60,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,17L111,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/filter-clause.html">filter-clause:</a></b>
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<button id='x42666c57' onclick='hideorshow("x42666c57","x3adc8ba7")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x3adc8ba7' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:422px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 422.381 34.56">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L93,32A15 15 0 0 0 108 17A15 15 0 0 0 93 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FILTER</text>
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<polygon points="131,17 119,21 119,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M108,17L125,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M146,32L146,32A15 15 0 0 0 161 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 2L146,2A15 15 0 0 0 131 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="146" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="184,17 173,21 173,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M161,17L178,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M199,32L249,32A15 15 0 0 0 264 17A15 15 0 0 0 249 2L199,2A15 15 0 0 0 184 17A15 15 0 0 0 199 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="224" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">WHERE</text>
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<polygon points="287,17 275,21 275,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M264,17L281,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M287,32L336,32L336,2L287,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="312" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="359,17 348,21 348,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M336,17L353,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M374,32A15 15 0 0 0 389 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 2A15 15 0 0 0 359 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="374" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="413,17 401,21 401,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M389,17L407,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="416" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-defn.html">window-defn:</a></b>
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<button id='x792b9975' onclick='hideorshow("x792b9975","x477af11c")'>hide</button></p>
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<div id='x477af11c' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:479px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 479.765 380.592">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32A15 15 0 0 0 62 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="47" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="104,44 92,48 92,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,17 L 70,17 Q 77,17 77,30 Q 77,44 88,44 L 98,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M119,59L260,59A15 15 0 0 0 275 44L275,44A15 15 0 0 0 260 29L119,29A15 15 0 0 0 104 44L104,44A15 15 0 0 0 119 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="190" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">base-window-name</text>
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<path d="M119,135L198,135A15 15 0 0 0 214 120A15 15 0 0 0 198 104L119,104A15 15 0 0 0 104 120A15 15 0 0 0 119 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">PARTITION</text>
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<polygon points="237,120 225,124 225,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M214,120L231,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M252,135L256,135A15 15 0 0 0 271 120A15 15 0 0 0 256 104L252,104A15 15 0 0 0 237 120A15 15 0 0 0 252 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="254" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<polygon points="307,120 295,124 295,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M271,120L301,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M307,135L356,135L356,104L307,104Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="332" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M332,173A15 15 0 0 0 347 157A15 15 0 0 0 332 142A15 15 0 0 0 316 157A15 15 0 0 0 332 173Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="332" y="157" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="347,157 358,153 358,162" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M356,120 L 364,120 Q 371,120 371,135 L 371,142 Q 371,157 362,157 L 352,157" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M316,157 L 295,157 Q 280,157 280,142 L 280,135 Q 280,120 288,120 L 295,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,17 178,21 178,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,17L184,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,82 201,77 201,86" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M190,17 L 298,17 Q 313,17 313,32 L 313,67 Q 313,82 298,82 L 210,82 L 195,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="104,120 92,124 92,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M190,82 L 77,82 Q 62,82 62,97 L 62,105 Q 62,120 77,120 L 83,120 L 98,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="298,44 287,48 287,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M275,44L293,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M298,44 L 306,44 Q 313,44 313,51 L 313,59" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M119,248L163,248A15 15 0 0 0 178 233A15 15 0 0 0 163 218L119,218A15 15 0 0 0 104 233A15 15 0 0 0 119 248Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="141" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ORDER</text>
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<polygon points="201,233 190,237 190,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M178,233L196,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M217,248L221,248A15 15 0 0 0 236 233A15 15 0 0 0 221 218L217,218A15 15 0 0 0 201 233A15 15 0 0 0 217 248Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="219" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<polygon points="272,233 260,237 260,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M236,233L266,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M272,248L402,248L402,218L272,218Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="337" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
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<path d="M337,286A15 15 0 0 0 352 271A15 15 0 0 0 337 256A15 15 0 0 0 322 271A15 15 0 0 0 337 286Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="337" y="271" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M402,233 L 409,233 Q 417,233 417,248 L 417,256 Q 417,271 402,271 L 373,271 L 358,271" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M322,271 L 260,271 Q 245,271 245,256 L 245,248 Q 245,233 253,233 L 260,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,195 201,191 201,200" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M356,120 L 364,120 Q 371,120 371,135 L 371,180 Q 371,195 356,195 L 210,195 L 195,195" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="104,233 92,237 92,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M190,195 L 77,195 Q 62,195 62,210 L 62,218 Q 62,233 77,233 L 83,233 L 98,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="62,157 58,146 66,146" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,104L62,152" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M62,157L62,218" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M104,362L208,362L208,331L104,331Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="156" y="346" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">frame-spec</text>
|
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<polygon points="417,346 405,351 405,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M208,346L411,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M432,362A15 15 0 0 0 447 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 331A15 15 0 0 0 417 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 362Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="432" y="346" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="470,346 458,351 458,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M447,346L464,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="474" cy="346" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,309 201,304 201,313" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M402,233 L 409,233 Q 417,233 417,248 L 417,294 Q 417,309 402,309 L 210,309 L 195,309" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="104,346 92,351 92,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M190,309 L 77,309 Q 62,309 62,324 L 62,331 Q 62,346 77,346 L 83,346 L 98,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="62,271 58,259 66,259" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,218L62,265" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,271L62,331" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="156,374 144,378 144,369" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,331 L 62,359 Q 62,374 77,374 L 135,374 L 150,374" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="278,346 266,351 266,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M156,374 L 233,374 Q 248,374 248,360 Q 248,346 260,346 L 272,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
|
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</div>
|
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x3af3f931' onclick='hideorshow("x3af3f931","xc7f772f6")'>hide</button></p>
|
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<div id='xc7f772f6' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="50,92 39,97 39,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,77 Q 24,92 34,92 L 45,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,108L120,108A15 15 0 0 0 135 92A15 15 0 0 0 120 77L66,77A15 15 0 0 0 50 92A15 15 0 0 0 66 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="93" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUPS</text>
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<path d="M135,92 L 143,92 Q 150,92 150,77 L 150,32 Q 150,17 158,17 L 165,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="207,17 195,21 195,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M165,17L201,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M582,448L625,448A15 15 0 0 0 640 433A15 15 0 0 0 625 417L582,417A15 15 0 0 0 567 433A15 15 0 0 0 582 448Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="604" y="433" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUP</text>
|
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<polygon points="767,433 756,437 756,428" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M640,433L762,433" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M767,433 L 775,433 Q 782,433 782,440 L 782,448" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,486L529,486A15 15 0 0 0 544 470A15 15 0 0 0 529 455L461,455A15 15 0 0 0 446 470A15 15 0 0 0 461 486Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="495" y="470" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCLUDE</text>
|
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<polygon points="567,470 555,475 555,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M544,470L561,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M582,486L604,486A15 15 0 0 0 619 470A15 15 0 0 0 604 455L582,455A15 15 0 0 0 567 470A15 15 0 0 0 582 486Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="593" y="470" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TIES</text>
|
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<polygon points="767,470 756,475 756,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M619,470L762,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M767,470 L 775,470 Q 782,470 782,478 L 782,485" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,372L529,372A15 15 0 0 0 544 357A15 15 0 0 0 529 342L461,342A15 15 0 0 0 446 357A15 15 0 0 0 461 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="495" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCLUDE</text>
|
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<polygon points="567,357 555,361 555,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M544,357L561,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M582,372L591,372A15 15 0 0 0 606 357A15 15 0 0 0 591 342L582,342A15 15 0 0 0 567 357A15 15 0 0 0 582 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="586" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NO</text>
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<polygon points="629,357 617,361 617,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M606,357L623,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M644,372L700,372A15 15 0 0 0 715 357A15 15 0 0 0 700 342L644,342A15 15 0 0 0 629 357A15 15 0 0 0 644 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="672" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OTHERS</text>
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<polygon points="767,357 756,361 756,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M715,357L762,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="890,516 879,520 879,511" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M767,357 L 775,357 Q 782,357 782,372 L 782,501 Q 782,516 797,516 L 870,516 L 885,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="894" cy="516" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="710,304 722,300 722,308" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M1001,304L716,304" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="527,516 516,520 516,511" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M710,304 L 434,304 Q 419,304 419,319 L 419,501 Q 419,516 434,516 L 507,516 L 522,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M527,516L797,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="446,357 434,361 434,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M419,342 L 419,349 Q 419,357 430,357 L 440,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="446,395 434,399 434,390" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M419,380 L 419,387 Q 419,395 430,395 L 440,395" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="446,433 434,437 434,428" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M419,417 L 419,425 Q 419,433 430,433 L 440,433" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="446,470 434,475 434,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M419,455 L 419,463 Q 419,470 430,470 L 440,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xe0fe7824' onclick='hideorshow("xe0fe7824","x537a9e34")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x537a9e34' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
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<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
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<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
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<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
|
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
|
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p><p>Unlike ordinary functions, window functions
|
|
cannot use the DISTINCT keyword.
|
|
Also, Window functions may only appear in the result set and in the
|
|
ORDER BY clause of a SELECT statement.
|
|
|
|
</p><p>Window functions come in two varieties:
|
|
<a href="windowfunctions.html#aggwinfunc">aggregate window functions</a> and
|
|
<a href="windowfunctions.html#builtins">built-in window functions</a>. Every aggregate window function
|
|
can also work as a ordinary aggregate function, simply by omitting
|
|
the OVER and FILTER clauses. Furthermore, all of the built-in
|
|
<a href="lang_aggfunc.html">aggregate functions</a> of SQLite can be used as an
|
|
aggregate window function by adding an appropriate OVER clause.
|
|
Applications can register new aggregate window functions using
|
|
the <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_window_function()</a> interface.
|
|
The built-in window functions, however, require special-case
|
|
handling in the query planner and hence new window functions
|
|
that exhibit the exceptional properties found in the built-in
|
|
window functions cannot be added by the application.
|
|
|
|
</p><p>Here is an example using the built-in row_number()
|
|
window function:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE t0(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y TEXT);
|
|
INSERT INTO t0 VALUES (1, 'aaa'), (2, 'ccc'), (3, 'bbb');
|
|
|
|
<i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- x | y | row_number</i>
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
<i>-- 1 | aaa | 1 </i>
|
|
<i>-- 2 | ccc | 3 </i>
|
|
<i>-- 3 | bbb | 2 </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT x, y, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY y) AS row_number FROM t0 ORDER BY x;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The row_number() window function
|
|
assigns consecutive integers to each
|
|
row in order of the "ORDER BY" clause within the
|
|
<span class='yynonterm'>window-defn</span> (in this case "ORDER BY y"). Note that
|
|
this does not affect the order in which results are returned from
|
|
the overall query. The order of the final output is
|
|
still governed by the ORDER BY clause attached to the SELECT
|
|
statement (in this case "ORDER BY x").
|
|
|
|
</p><p>Named <span class='yynonterm'>window-defn</span> clauses may also be added to a SELECT
|
|
statement using a WINDOW clause and then referred to by name within window
|
|
function invocations. For example, the following SELECT statement contains
|
|
two named <span class='yynonterm'>window-defs</span> clauses, "win1" and "win2":
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT x, y, row_number() OVER <b>win1</b>, rank() OVER <b>win2</b>
|
|
FROM t0
|
|
WINDOW <b>win1</b> AS (ORDER BY y RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW),
|
|
<b>win2</b> AS (PARTITION BY y ORDER BY x)
|
|
ORDER BY x;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The WINDOW clause, when one is present, comes after any HAVING clause and
|
|
before any ORDER BY.
|
|
|
|
<a name="aggwinfunc"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p><h1 id="aggregate_window_functions"><span>2. </span>Aggregate Window Functions</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p> The examples in this section all assume that the database is populated as
|
|
follows:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
|
|
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'A', 'one' ),
|
|
(2, 'B', 'two' ),
|
|
(3, 'C', 'three'),
|
|
(4, 'D', 'one' ),
|
|
(5, 'E', 'two' ),
|
|
(6, 'F', 'three'),
|
|
(7, 'G', 'one' );
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p> An aggregate window function is similar to an
|
|
<a href="lang_aggfunc.html">ordinary aggregate function</a>, except
|
|
adding it to a query does not change the number of rows returned. Instead,
|
|
for each row the result of the aggregate window function is as if the
|
|
corresponding aggregate were run over all rows in the "window frame"
|
|
specified by the OVER clause.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- a | b | group_concat</i>
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
<i>-- 1 | A | A.B </i>
|
|
<i>-- 2 | B | A.B.C </i>
|
|
<i>-- 3 | C | B.C.D </i>
|
|
<i>-- 4 | D | C.D.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- 5 | E | D.E.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- 6 | F | E.F.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- 7 | G | F.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT a, b, group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY a ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING
|
|
) AS group_concat FROM t1;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p> In the example above, the window frame consists of all rows between the
|
|
previous row ("1 PRECEDING") and the following row ("1 FOLLOWING"), inclusive,
|
|
where rows are sorted according to the ORDER BY clause in the
|
|
<span class='yynonterm'>window-defn</span> (in this case "ORDER BY a").
|
|
For example, the frame for the row with (a=3) consists of rows (2, 'B', 'two'),
|
|
(3, 'C', 'three') and (4, 'D', 'one'). The result of group_concat(b, '.')
|
|
for that row is therefore 'B.C.D'.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> All of SQLite's <a href="lang_aggfunc.html">aggregate functions</a> may
|
|
be used as aggregate window functions. It is also possible to
|
|
<a href="windowfunctions.html#udfwinfunc">create user-defined aggregate window functions</a>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="ptxn"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p><h2 id="the_partition_by_clause"><span>2.1. </span>The PARTITION BY Clause</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p> For the purpose of computing window functions, the result set
|
|
of a query is divided into one or more "partitions". A partition consists
|
|
of all rows that have the same value for all terms of the PARTITION BY clause
|
|
in the <span class='yynonterm'>window-defn</span>. If there is no PARTITION BY clause,
|
|
then the entire result set of the query is a single partition.
|
|
Window-function processing is performed separately for each partition.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> For example:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | a | b | group_concat</i>
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- one | 1 | A | A.D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 4 | D | D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 7 | G | G </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 3 | C | C.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 6 | F | F </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 2 | B | B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 5 | E | E </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT c, a, b, group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
PARTITION BY c ORDER BY a RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
|
|
) AS group_concat
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY c, a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p> In the query above, the "PARTITION BY c" clause breaks the
|
|
result set up into three partitions. The first partition has
|
|
three rows with c=='one'. The second partition has two rows with
|
|
c=='three' and the third partition has two rows with c=='two'.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> In the example above, all the rows for each partition are
|
|
grouped together in the final output. This is because the PARTITION BY
|
|
clause is a prefix of the ORDER BY clause on the overall query.
|
|
But that does not have
|
|
to be the case. A partition can be composed of rows scattered
|
|
about haphazardly within the result set. For example:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | a | b | group_concat</i>
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- one | 1 | A | A.D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 2 | B | B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 3 | C | C.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 4 | D | D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 5 | E | E </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 6 | F | F </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 7 | G | G </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT c, a, b, group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
PARTITION BY c ORDER BY a RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
|
|
) AS group_concat
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="framespec"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="frame_specifications"><span>2.2. </span>Frame Specifications</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p> The <span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span> determines which output rows are
|
|
read by an aggregate window function. The
|
|
<span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span> consists of four parts:
|
|
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> A frame type - either ROWS, RANGE or GROUPS,
|
|
</li><li> A starting frame boundary,
|
|
</li><li> An ending frame boundary,
|
|
</li><li> An EXCLUDE clause.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p> Here are the syntax details:
|
|
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x0199aef6' onclick='hideorshow("x0199aef6","x56b9bd0c")'>hide</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x56b9bd0c' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,92 39,97 39,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,77 Q 24,92 34,92 L 45,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,108L120,108A15 15 0 0 0 135 92A15 15 0 0 0 120 77L66,77A15 15 0 0 0 50 92A15 15 0 0 0 66 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="93" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUPS</text>
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<text x="258" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BETWEEN</text>
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<text x="559" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">PRECEDING</text>
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<text x="685" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AND</text>
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<text x="961" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FOLLOWING</text>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/expr.html">expr:</a></b>
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<path d="M60,1009L89,1009A15 15 0 0 0 104 994A15 15 0 0 0 89 978L60,978A15 15 0 0 0 45 994A15 15 0 0 0 60 1009Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M45,1066L173,1066L173,1036L45,1036Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="109" y="1051" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">raise-function</text>
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<path d="M173,1051L910,1051" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M916,1051 L 924,1051 Q 931,1051 931,1036 L 931,32 Q 931,17 939,17 L 946,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/filter-clause.html">filter-clause:</a></b>
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<button id='x6e5adba8' onclick='hideorshow("x6e5adba8","xdbb0e8d4")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='xdbb0e8d4' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:422px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 422.381 34.56">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L93,32A15 15 0 0 0 108 17A15 15 0 0 0 93 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FILTER</text>
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<polygon points="131,17 119,21 119,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M108,17L125,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M146,32L146,32A15 15 0 0 0 161 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 2L146,2A15 15 0 0 0 131 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="146" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<path d="M161,17L178,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M199,32L249,32A15 15 0 0 0 264 17A15 15 0 0 0 249 2L199,2A15 15 0 0 0 184 17A15 15 0 0 0 199 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="224" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">WHERE</text>
|
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<polygon points="287,17 275,21 275,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M264,17L281,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M287,32L336,32L336,2L287,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="312" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
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|
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<path d="M336,17L353,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M374,32A15 15 0 0 0 389 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 2A15 15 0 0 0 359 17A15 15 0 0 0 374 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="374" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
|
<polygon points="413,17 401,21 401,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M389,17L407,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="416" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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<p><b><a href="syntax/function-arguments.html">function-arguments:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x62f7c893' onclick='hideorshow("x62f7c893","x2e28c5e5")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x2e28c5e5' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:456px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 456.566 223.344">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="56" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,56 20,60 20,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,56L26,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="66,26 55,30 55,22" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,56 L 38,56 Q 43,56 43,41 L 43,41 Q 43,26 52,26 L 61,26" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M82,41L150,41A15 15 0 0 0 165 26L165,26A15 15 0 0 0 150 11L82,11A15 15 0 0 0 66 26L66,26A15 15 0 0 0 82 41Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="116" y="26" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DISTINCT</text>
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<path d="M116,56L212,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="278" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="293,17 305,12 305,21" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<polygon points="254,56 242,60 242,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M263,17 L 245,17 Q 230,17 230,32 L 230,41 Q 230,56 239,56 L 248,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M228,207A15 15 0 0 0 243 192L243,192A15 15 0 0 0 228 177A15 15 0 0 0 213 192L213,192A15 15 0 0 0 228 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="228" y="192" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
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<path d="M303,56 L 313,56 Q 323,56 323,71 L 323,71 Q 323,86 308,86 L 81,86 Q 66,86 66,101 L 66,102 Q 66,117 75,117 L 84,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M105,132L149,132A15 15 0 0 0 164 117L164,117A15 15 0 0 0 149 101L105,101A15 15 0 0 0 90 117L90,117A15 15 0 0 0 105 132Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="127" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ORDER</text>
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<path d="M164,117L176,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="199" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<path d="M245,132L375,132L375,101L245,101Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
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<path d="M310,169A15 15 0 0 0 325 154A15 15 0 0 0 310 139A15 15 0 0 0 294 154A15 15 0 0 0 310 169Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="154" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M375,117 L 380,117 Q 386,117 386,132 L 386,139 Q 386,154 371,154 L 345,154 L 330,154" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M375,117 L 383,117 Q 392,117 392,102 L 392,71 Q 392,56 407,56 L 413,56 L 428,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xa4e5c48b' onclick='hideorshow("xa4e5c48b","xf02c44ea")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xf02c44ea' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
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<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
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<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
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<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x7c347ea1' onclick='hideorshow("x7c347ea1","x94bc3bbf")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x94bc3bbf' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:341px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 341.376 336.96">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,319 39,324 39,315" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,304 Q 24,319 34,319 L 45,319" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M65,334L252,334A15 15 0 0 0 267 319A15 15 0 0 0 252 304L65,304A15 15 0 0 0 50 319A15 15 0 0 0 65 334Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="319" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</text>
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<polygon points="290,319 278,324 278,315" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M267,319L284,319" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="332,17 320,21 320,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M290,319 L 297,319 Q 305,319 305,304 L 305,32 Q 305,17 315,17 L 326,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="335" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,32L172,32A15 15 0 0 0 187 17A15 15 0 0 0 172 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="119" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text>
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<polygon points="50,17 39,21 39,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L45,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M187,17L320,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,70L153,70A15 15 0 0 0 168 55L168,55A15 15 0 0 0 153 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="109" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">string-literal</text>
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<polygon points="50,55 39,59 39,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M24,39 L 24,47 Q 24,55 34,55 L 45,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="290,55 278,59 278,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M168,55L284,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,55 L 297,55 Q 305,55 305,47 L 305,40" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,108L140,108A15 15 0 0 0 155 92A15 15 0 0 0 140 77L66,77A15 15 0 0 0 50 92A15 15 0 0 0 66 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="103" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">blob-literal</text>
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<polygon points="50,92 39,97 39,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M24,77 L 24,85 Q 24,92 34,92 L 45,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M155,92L284,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,92 L 297,92 Q 305,92 305,85 L 305,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,145L97,145A15 15 0 0 0 112 130A15 15 0 0 0 97 115L66,115A15 15 0 0 0 50 130A15 15 0 0 0 66 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M112,130L284,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,130 L 297,130 Q 305,130 305,123 L 305,115" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,183L96,183A15 15 0 0 0 111 168A15 15 0 0 0 96 153L66,153A15 15 0 0 0 50 168A15 15 0 0 0 66 183Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="81" y="168" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TRUE</text>
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<path d="M111,168L284,168" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,168 L 297,168 Q 305,168 305,160 L 305,153" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,221L104,221A15 15 0 0 0 119 206A15 15 0 0 0 104 191L66,191A15 15 0 0 0 50 206A15 15 0 0 0 66 221Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M24,191 L 24,198 Q 24,206 34,206 L 45,206" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="290,206 278,210 278,201" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M119,206L284,206" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M290,206 L 297,206 Q 305,206 305,198 L 305,191" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,259L190,259A15 15 0 0 0 205 244A15 15 0 0 0 190 228L66,228A15 15 0 0 0 50 244A15 15 0 0 0 66 259Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="128" y="244" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CURRENT_TIME</text>
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<path d="M24,228 L 24,236 Q 24,244 34,244 L 45,244" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="290,244 278,248 278,239" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M205,244L284,244" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M290,244 L 297,244 Q 305,244 305,236 L 305,229" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M66,297L192,297A15 15 0 0 0 207 281A15 15 0 0 0 192 266L66,266A15 15 0 0 0 50 281A15 15 0 0 0 66 297Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="129" y="281" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CURRENT_DATE</text>
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<path d="M24,266 L 24,274 Q 24,281 34,281 L 45,281" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="290,281 278,286 278,277" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M207,281L284,281" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M290,281 L 297,281 Q 305,281 305,274 L 305,266" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
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|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/over-clause.html">over-clause:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x52470a2d' onclick='hideorshow("x52470a2d","x792b8a02")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x792b8a02' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:600px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 600.706 418.392">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M47,32L78,32A15 15 0 0 0 93 17A15 15 0 0 0 78 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="62" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OVER</text>
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<polygon points="129,17 117,21 117,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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</svg>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
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<button id='x85933096' onclick='hideorshow("x85933096","x08cc4720")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x08cc4720' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
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<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
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<button id='x78ec9ddf' onclick='hideorshow("x78ec9ddf","xaaf6e4dd")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='xaaf6e4dd' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:627px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 627.302 147.96">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32L82,32A15 15 0 0 0 97 17A15 15 0 0 0 82 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="65" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RAISE</text>
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<path d="M97,17L114,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M135,32L135,32A15 15 0 0 0 150 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 2L135,2A15 15 0 0 0 120 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="135" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="192,55 180,59 180,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M150,17 L 158,17 Q 165,17 165,32 L 165,40 Q 165,55 176,55 L 186,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='x55ed670b' onclick='hideorshow("x55ed670b","x8d102754")'>show</button></p>
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<polygon points="620,1155 609,1160 609,1151" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M525,1057 L 546,1057 Q 561,1057 561,1072 L 561,1140 Q 561,1155 576,1155 L 599,1155 L 614,1155" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="624" cy="1155" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M525,1087 L 546,1087 Q 561,1087 561,1095 L 561,1102" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="525,1125 513,1129 513,1121" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M451,1125L519,1125" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M525,1125 L 546,1125 Q 561,1125 561,1133 L 561,1140" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="525,1155 513,1160 513,1151" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M127,1042 L 127,1140 Q 127,1155 142,1155 L 504,1155 L 519,1155" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M525,1155L597,1155" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
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<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xb5f243c6' onclick='hideorshow("xb5f243c6","x9ff2c574")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x9ff2c574' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:638px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 638.525 167.4">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="29" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="32,29 20,33 20,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M9,29L26,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M47,44L122,44A15 15 0 0 0 137 29A15 15 0 0 0 122 14L47,14A15 15 0 0 0 32 29A15 15 0 0 0 47 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="85" y="29" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
|
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<polygon points="160,29 149,33 149,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M137,29L155,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="196,29 185,33 185,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M160,29L191,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M211,44A15 15 0 0 0 227 29A15 15 0 0 0 211 14A15 15 0 0 0 196 29A15 15 0 0 0 211 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="211" y="29" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="250,29 238,33 238,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M227,29L244,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="286,29 274,33 274,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M250,29L280,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M301,44L395,44A15 15 0 0 0 410 29A15 15 0 0 0 395 14L301,14A15 15 0 0 0 286 29A15 15 0 0 0 301 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="348" y="29" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
|
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<polygon points="446,29 434,33 434,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M410,29L440,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,44A15 15 0 0 0 476 29A15 15 0 0 0 461 14A15 15 0 0 0 446 29A15 15 0 0 0 461 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="461" y="29" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
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<polygon points="511,29 499,33 499,24" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M476,29L505,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M47,165L51,165A15 15 0 0 0 66 150A15 15 0 0 0 51 135L47,135A15 15 0 0 0 32 150A15 15 0 0 0 47 165Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="49" y="150" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
|
|
<path d="M127,135L147,135A15 15 0 0 0 162 119A15 15 0 0 0 147 104L127,104A15 15 0 0 0 112 119A15 15 0 0 0 127 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="137" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NOT</text>
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<path d="M219,135L337,135A15 15 0 0 0 352 119A15 15 0 0 0 337 104L219,104A15 15 0 0 0 204 119A15 15 0 0 0 219 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="278" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">MATERIALIZED</text>
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<path d="M162,119L204,119" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M410,165A15 15 0 0 0 425 150A15 15 0 0 0 410 135A15 15 0 0 0 395 150A15 15 0 0 0 410 165Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="410" y="150" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
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<polygon points="448,150 437,154 437,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M425,150L442,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M448,165L552,165L552,135L448,135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="500" y="150" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">select-stmt</text>
|
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<polygon points="575,150 564,154 564,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M552,150L570,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M591,165A15 15 0 0 0 606 150A15 15 0 0 0 591 135A15 15 0 0 0 575 150A15 15 0 0 0 591 165Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="591" y="150" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="629,150 617,154 617,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M606,150L623,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="632" cy="150" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M348,82A15 15 0 0 0 363 66A15 15 0 0 0 348 51A15 15 0 0 0 333 66A15 15 0 0 0 348 82Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="348" y="66" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
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<polygon points="363,66 374,62 374,71" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M410,29 L 417,29 Q 425,29 425,44 L 425,51 Q 425,66 410,66 L 384,66 L 369,66" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M333,66 L 278,66 Q 263,66 263,51 L 263,44 Q 263,29 270,29 L 278,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="66,93 78,89 78,97" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M511,29 L 516,29 Q 522,29 522,44 L 522,78 Q 522,93 507,93 L 87,93 L 72,93" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,150 20,154 20,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M66,93 L 30,93 Q 15,93 15,108 L 15,135 Q 15,150 20,150 L 26,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="85,150 73,154 73,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M66,150L79,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="112,119 101,124 101,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M85,150 L 89,150 Q 92,150 92,135 L 92,134 Q 92,119 99,119 L 106,119" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="204,119 192,124 192,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M66,150 L 147,150 Q 162,150 170,150 Q 177,150 177,135 L 177,134 Q 177,119 188,119 L 198,119" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="395,150 383,154 383,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M352,119 L 360,119 Q 367,119 367,134 L 367,135 Q 367,150 378,150 L 389,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,150L395,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="348,6 336,10 336,2" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M160,29 L 168,29 Q 175,29 175,17 Q 175,6 190,6 L 327,6 L 342,6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M348,6 L 473,6 Q 488,6 488,17 Q 488,29 495,29 L 503,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x91d419e5' onclick='hideorshow("x91d419e5","x5d685770")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x5d685770' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:293px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 293.842 147.96">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="68,17 56,21 56,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M32,17L62,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M83,32L127,32A15 15 0 0 0 142 17A15 15 0 0 0 127 2L83,2A15 15 0 0 0 68 17A15 15 0 0 0 83 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="105" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
|
|
<path d="M83,70L127,70A15 15 0 0 0 142 55L142,55A15 15 0 0 0 127 39L83,39A15 15 0 0 0 68 55L68,55A15 15 0 0 0 83 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="105" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
|
|
<path d="M83,108L168,108A15 15 0 0 0 183 92A15 15 0 0 0 168 77L83,77A15 15 0 0 0 68 92A15 15 0 0 0 83 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="125" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INTERSECT</text>
|
|
<path d="M83,145L135,145A15 15 0 0 0 150 130A15 15 0 0 0 135 115L83,115A15 15 0 0 0 68 130A15 15 0 0 0 83 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="109" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCEPT</text>
|
|
<polygon points="165,55 153,59 153,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M142,55L159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M180,70L195,70A15 15 0 0 0 210 55L210,55A15 15 0 0 0 195 39L180,39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="187" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ALL</text>
|
|
<polygon points="233,55 221,59 221,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M210,55L227,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="284,17 272,21 272,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M233,55 L 240,55 Q 248,55 248,40 L 248,32 Q 248,17 263,17 L 263,17 L 278,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="288" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="68,55 56,59 56,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M32,17 L 39,17 Q 47,17 47,32 L 47,40 Q 47,55 55,55 L 62,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M142,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="68,92 56,97 56,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M47,39 L 47,77 Q 47,92 55,92 L 62,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="233,92 221,97 221,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M183,92L227,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M233,92 L 240,92 Q 248,92 248,77 L 248,54 L 248,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="68,130 56,135 56,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M47,77 L 47,115 Q 47,130 55,130 L 62,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="233,130 221,135 221,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M150,130L227,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M233,130 L 240,130 Q 248,130 248,115 L 248,92 L 248,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xefb9c824' onclick='hideorshow("xefb9c824","x3aab8e3c")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x3aab8e3c' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:793px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 793.282 84.24">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M32,32L193,32L193,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="112" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
|
|
<polygon points="259,47 247,51 247,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M193,17 L 200,17 Q 208,17 208,32 L 208,32 Q 208,47 223,47 L 238,47 L 253,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M259,62L380,62L380,32L259,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="319" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-operator</text>
|
|
<polygon points="403,47 391,51 391,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M380,47L397,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M403,62L564,62L564,32L403,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="483" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
|
|
<polygon points="587,47 575,51 575,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M564,47L581,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M587,62L721,62L721,32L587,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="654" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-constraint</text>
|
|
<polygon points="783,17 772,21 772,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M721,47 L 742,47 Q 757,47 757,32 L 757,32 Q 757,17 767,17 L 778,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="787" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="483,17 472,21 472,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M193,17L478,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M483,17L776,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="483,77 495,73 495,82" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M721,47 L 728,47 Q 736,47 736,62 L 736,62 Q 736,77 721,77 L 504,77 L 489,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M483,77 L 247,77 Q 232,77 232,62 L 232,62 Q 232,47 246,47 L 259,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x1bff3899' onclick='hideorshow("x1bff3899","x2354f933")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x2354f933' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:483px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 483.336 126.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,55 39,59 39,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,40 Q 24,55 34,55 L 45,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,70L104,70A15 15 0 0 0 120 55L120,55A15 15 0 0 0 104 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="85" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">USING</text>
|
|
<polygon points="143,55 131,59 131,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M120,55L137,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M158,70A15 15 0 0 0 173 55L173,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 39A15 15 0 0 0 143 55L143,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="158" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
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<polygon points="209,55 197,59 197,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M173,55L203,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M224,70L318,70A15 15 0 0 0 333 55L333,55A15 15 0 0 0 318 39L224,39A15 15 0 0 0 209 55L209,55A15 15 0 0 0 224 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="271" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="369,55 358,59 358,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M333,55L363,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M384,70A15 15 0 0 0 399 55L399,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 39A15 15 0 0 0 369 55L369,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="384" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="422,55 411,59 411,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M399,55L417,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="473,17 462,21 462,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M422,55 L 430,55 Q 437,55 437,40 L 437,32 Q 437,17 452,17 L 453,17 L 468,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="477" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M271,108A15 15 0 0 0 286 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 77A15 15 0 0 0 256 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="271" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="286,92 298,88 298,97" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M333,55 L 341,55 Q 348,55 348,70 L 348,77 Q 348,92 333,92 L 307,92 L 292,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M256,92 L 197,92 Q 182,92 182,77 L 182,70 Q 182,55 190,55 L 197,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,17 39,21 39,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L45,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M66,32L74,32A15 15 0 0 0 90 17A15 15 0 0 0 74 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ON</text>
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<polygon points="113,17 101,21 101,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M90,17L107,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M113,32L162,32L162,2L113,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="137" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="422,17 411,21 411,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M162,17L417,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M422,17L462,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="209,120 197,124 197,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,105 Q 24,120 39,120 L 188,120 L 203,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M209,120 L 422,120 Q 437,120 437,105 L 437,54 L 437,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
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<button id='xd89646f0' onclick='hideorshow("xd89646f0","x06401d72")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x06401d72' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:620px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 620.333 255.312">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,71 39,76 39,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,56 Q 24,71 34,71 L 45,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,86L133,86A15 15 0 0 0 148 71A15 15 0 0 0 133 56L66,56A15 15 0 0 0 50 71A15 15 0 0 0 66 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="99" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NATURAL</text>
|
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<polygon points="189,41 178,45 178,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M148,71 L 155,71 Q 163,71 163,56 L 163,56 Q 163,41 173,41 L 184,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="231,71 219,76 219,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,56 Q 204,71 215,71 L 225,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M246,86L273,86A15 15 0 0 0 288 71A15 15 0 0 0 273 56L246,56A15 15 0 0 0 231 71A15 15 0 0 0 246 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="259" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LEFT</text>
|
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<polygon points="378,71 366,76 366,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M288,71L372,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M393,86L437,86A15 15 0 0 0 452 71A15 15 0 0 0 437 56L393,56A15 15 0 0 0 378 71A15 15 0 0 0 393 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="415" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OUTER</text>
|
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<polygon points="475,71 463,76 463,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M452,71L469,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="516,41 505,45 505,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M475,71 L 482,71 Q 490,71 490,56 L 490,56 Q 490,41 500,41 L 511,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M532,56L554,56A15 15 0 0 0 569 41A15 15 0 0 0 554 26L532,26A15 15 0 0 0 516 41A15 15 0 0 0 532 56Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="543" y="41" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">JOIN</text>
|
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<polygon points="610,17 599,21 599,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M569,41 L 576,41 Q 584,41 584,29 Q 584,17 594,17 L 605,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="614" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M310,32A15 15 0 0 0 325 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 2A15 15 0 0 0 295 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="310" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="295,17 283,21 283,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L289,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M325,17L599,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="99,41 88,45 88,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,29 Q 24,41 39,41 L 78,41 L 93,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M99,41L178,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M189,41L505,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="378,41 366,45 366,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M336,71 L 344,71 Q 351,71 351,56 L 351,56 Q 351,41 362,41 L 372,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="231,109 219,113 219,105" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,94 Q 204,109 215,109 L 225,109" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,124L284,124A15 15 0 0 0 299 109A15 15 0 0 0 284 94L246,94A15 15 0 0 0 231 109A15 15 0 0 0 246 124Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="265" y="109" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RIGHT</text>
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<polygon points="341,71 329,76 329,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M299,109 L 307,109 Q 314,109 314,94 L 314,86 Q 314,71 324,71 L 335,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="231,147 219,151 219,142" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,132 Q 204,147 215,147 L 225,147" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,162L274,162A15 15 0 0 0 289 147A15 15 0 0 0 274 132L246,132A15 15 0 0 0 231 147A15 15 0 0 0 246 162Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="260" y="147" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FULL</text>
|
|
<path d="M289,147 L 302,147 Q 314,147 314,132 L 314,109 L 314,94" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="231,192 219,196 219,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,177 Q 204,192 215,192 L 225,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,207L287,207A15 15 0 0 0 302 192A15 15 0 0 0 287 177L246,177A15 15 0 0 0 231 192A15 15 0 0 0 246 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="192" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INNER</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,192 463,196 463,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M302,192L469,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,192 L 482,192 Q 490,192 490,185 L 490,177" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,238 219,242 219,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,223 Q 24,238 39,238 L 210,238 L 225,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,253L287,253A15 15 0 0 0 303 238A15 15 0 0 0 287 222L246,222A15 15 0 0 0 231 238A15 15 0 0 0 246 253Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CROSS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,238 463,242 463,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M303,238L469,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,238 L 482,238 Q 490,238 490,223 L 490,71 L 490,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xfb6a9b78' onclick='hideorshow("xfb6a9b78","xad22eab0")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xad22eab0' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
|
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<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
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<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
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<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
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<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
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<button id='xdb83a7b9' onclick='hideorshow("xdb83a7b9","xcca4ae9d")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='xcca4ae9d' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:398px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 398.054 163.08">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="45,17 33,21 33,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M45,32L94,32L94,2L45,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="69" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="136,55 124,59 124,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M94,17 L 102,17 Q 109,17 109,32 L 109,40 Q 109,55 119,55 L 130,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M151,70L155,70A15 15 0 0 0 170 55L170,55A15 15 0 0 0 155 39L151,39A15 15 0 0 0 136 55L136,55A15 15 0 0 0 151 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="153" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
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<polygon points="206,55 194,59 194,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M170,55L200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M221,70L309,70A15 15 0 0 0 324 55L324,55A15 15 0 0 0 309 39L221,39A15 15 0 0 0 206 55L206,55A15 15 0 0 0 221 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="265" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-alias</text>
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<path d="M324,55L341,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="388,17 377,21 377,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M347,55 L 354,55 Q 362,55 362,40 L 362,32 Q 362,17 372,17 L 382,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="392" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M109,39 L 109,70 Q 109,85 124,85 L 132,85 L 147,85" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M153,85 L 170,85 Q 185,85 185,70 L 185,70 Q 185,55 192,55 L 200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M94,17L235,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M241,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,108 39,112 39,103" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,93 Q 24,108 34,108 L 45,108" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,123A15 15 0 0 0 81 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 92A15 15 0 0 0 50 108A15 15 0 0 0 66 123Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="66" y="108" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
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<polygon points="347,108 335,112 335,103" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,108L341,108" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M347,108 L 354,108 Q 362,108 362,93 L 362,54 L 362,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,145 39,150 39,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M24,92 L 24,130 Q 24,145 34,145 L 45,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,160L141,160A15 15 0 0 0 156 145A15 15 0 0 0 141 130L66,130A15 15 0 0 0 50 145A15 15 0 0 0 66 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="103" y="145" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
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<path d="M156,145L173,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M194,160A15 15 0 0 0 209 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 130A15 15 0 0 0 179 145A15 15 0 0 0 194 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="194" y="145" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">.</text>
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<polygon points="232,145 221,150 221,141" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M209,145L226,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M247,160A15 15 0 0 0 262 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 130A15 15 0 0 0 232 145A15 15 0 0 0 247 160Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="247" y="145" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
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<path d="M262,145L341,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M347,145 L 354,145 Q 362,145 362,130 L 362,107 L 362,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/table-or-subquery.html">table-or-subquery:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x5c9faa54' onclick='hideorshow("x5c9faa54","x02ce5f50")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x02ce5f50' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:720px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 720.778 457.704">
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<circle cx="5" cy="36" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,74 39,78 39,70" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,36 L 16,36 Q 24,36 24,51 L 24,59 Q 24,74 34,74 L 45,74" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,89L162,89A15 15 0 0 0 177 74L177,74A15 15 0 0 0 162 59L66,59A15 15 0 0 0 50 74L50,74A15 15 0 0 0 66 89Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="114" y="74" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">schema-name</text>
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<polygon points="194,74 183,78 183,70" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M177,74L189,74" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M209,89A15 15 0 0 0 225 74L225,74A15 15 0 0 0 209 59A15 15 0 0 0 194 74L194,74A15 15 0 0 0 209 89Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="209" y="74" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">.</text>
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<path d="M225,74 L 232,74 Q 240,74 240,59 L 240,51 Q 240,36 250,36 L 260,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M281,51L356,51A15 15 0 0 0 371 36A15 15 0 0 0 356 21L281,21A15 15 0 0 0 266 36A15 15 0 0 0 281 51Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="319" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-name</text>
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<polygon points="407,36 396,41 396,32" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M371,36L402,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M423,51L427,51A15 15 0 0 0 442 36A15 15 0 0 0 427 21L423,21A15 15 0 0 0 407 36A15 15 0 0 0 423 51Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="425" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
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<path d="M442,36L472,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="527" y="36" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-alias</text>
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<polygon points="422,6 411,10 411,2" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<text x="356" y="112" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INDEXED</text>
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<text x="156" y="327" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">select-stmt</text>
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<path d="M208,327L225,327" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M246,342A15 15 0 0 0 261 327A15 15 0 0 0 246 311A15 15 0 0 0 231 327A15 15 0 0 0 246 342Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="246" y="327" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<path d="M24,311 L 24,349 Q 24,364 34,364 L 45,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M65,379A15 15 0 0 0 81 364A15 15 0 0 0 65 349A15 15 0 0 0 50 364A15 15 0 0 0 65 379Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="65" y="364" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<path d="M81,364L129,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M296,364L344,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M365,379A15 15 0 0 0 380 364A15 15 0 0 0 365 349A15 15 0 0 0 350 364A15 15 0 0 0 365 379Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="365" y="364" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<circle cx="715" cy="36" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="215" y="402" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M296,364 L 303,364 Q 311,364 311,379 L 311,387 Q 311,402 296,402 L 251,402 L 236,402" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M200,402 L 123,402 Q 108,402 108,387 L 108,379 Q 108,364 116,364 L 123,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="122,440 111,444 111,436" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,364 L 88,364 Q 96,364 96,379 L 96,425 Q 96,440 106,440 L 116,440" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M122,455L224,455L224,425L122,425Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="173" y="440" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-clause</text>
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<path d="M224,440 L 308,440 Q 323,440 323,425 L 323,379 Q 323,364 331,364 L 338,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-defn.html">window-defn:</a></b>
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<button id='xb0d1461b' onclick='hideorshow("xb0d1461b","xa8f015e1")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='xa8f015e1' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:479px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 479.765 380.592">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32A15 15 0 0 0 62 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="47" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="104,44 92,48 92,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,17 L 70,17 Q 77,17 77,30 Q 77,44 88,44 L 98,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M119,59L260,59A15 15 0 0 0 275 44L275,44A15 15 0 0 0 260 29L119,29A15 15 0 0 0 104 44L104,44A15 15 0 0 0 119 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="190" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">base-window-name</text>
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<path d="M119,135L198,135A15 15 0 0 0 214 120A15 15 0 0 0 198 104L119,104A15 15 0 0 0 104 120A15 15 0 0 0 119 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">PARTITION</text>
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<path d="M214,120L231,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M252,135L256,135A15 15 0 0 0 271 120A15 15 0 0 0 256 104L252,104A15 15 0 0 0 237 120A15 15 0 0 0 252 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="254" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<path d="M271,120L301,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M307,135L356,135L356,104L307,104Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="332" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<text x="332" y="157" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M356,120 L 364,120 Q 371,120 371,135 L 371,142 Q 371,157 362,157 L 352,157" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M316,157 L 295,157 Q 280,157 280,142 L 280,135 Q 280,120 288,120 L 295,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="141" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ORDER</text>
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<path d="M178,233L196,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="219" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<path d="M236,233L266,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M272,248L402,248L402,218L272,218Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="337" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
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<polygon points="104,233 92,237 92,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,157L62,218" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M104,362L208,362L208,331L104,331Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="156" y="346" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">frame-spec</text>
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<path d="M208,346L411,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M432,362A15 15 0 0 0 447 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 331A15 15 0 0 0 417 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 362Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M190,309 L 77,309 Q 62,309 62,324 L 62,331 Q 62,346 77,346 L 83,346 L 98,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,218L62,265" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,271L62,331" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,331 L 62,359 Q 62,374 77,374 L 135,374 L 150,374" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/type-name.html">type-name:</a></b>
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<button id='x187bb7f1' onclick='hideorshow("x187bb7f1","x2230c8ce")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x2230c8ce' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:661px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 661.008 110.16">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="45,17 33,21 33,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M60,32L87,32A15 15 0 0 0 102 17A15 15 0 0 0 87 2L60,2A15 15 0 0 0 45 17A15 15 0 0 0 60 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="74" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">name</text>
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<polygon points="165,92 153,97 153,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M102,17 L 123,17 Q 138,17 138,32 L 138,77 Q 138,92 149,92 L 159,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M180,108A15 15 0 0 0 195 92A15 15 0 0 0 180 77A15 15 0 0 0 165 92A15 15 0 0 0 180 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="180" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<path d="M195,92L207,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M212,108L350,108L350,77L212,77Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="281" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
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<path d="M350,92L362,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M382,108A15 15 0 0 0 398 92A15 15 0 0 0 382 77A15 15 0 0 0 367 92A15 15 0 0 0 382 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="382" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M398,92L409,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M415,108L553,108L553,77L415,77Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="484" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
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<path d="M553,92L564,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M585,108A15 15 0 0 0 600 92A15 15 0 0 0 585 77A15 15 0 0 0 570 92A15 15 0 0 0 585 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="585" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<path d="M102,17 L 123,17 Q 138,17 138,32 L 138,40 Q 138,55 149,55 L 159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M180,70A15 15 0 0 0 195 55L195,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="180" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
|
<polygon points="212,55 201,59 201,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M195,55L207,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M212,70L350,70L350,39L212,39Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="281" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
|
|
<polygon points="367,55 356,59 356,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M350,55L362,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M382,70A15 15 0 0 0 398 55L398,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 39A15 15 0 0 0 367 55L367,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="382" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
|
<polygon points="600,55 589,59 589,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M398,55L594,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M600,55 L 608,55 Q 615,55 615,47 L 615,40" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="74,47 85,43 85,51" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M102,17 L 110,17 Q 117,17 117,32 L 117,32 Q 117,47 102,47 L 94,47 L 79,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M74,47 L 33,47 Q 18,47 18,32 L 18,32 Q 18,17 26,17 L 33,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="382,17 371,21 371,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M102,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M382,17L630,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x2e27fd13' onclick='hideorshow("x2e27fd13","x3f3bc4fd")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x3f3bc4fd' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:292px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 292.013 99.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,44 39,48 39,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,30 Q 24,44 34,44 L 45,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,59A15 15 0 0 0 81 44L81,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 29A15 15 0 0 0 50 44L50,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="66" y="44" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">+</text>
|
|
<polygon points="122,17 111,21 111,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,44 L 88,44 Q 96,44 96,30 Q 96,17 106,17 L 116,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M137,32L244,32A15 15 0 0 0 259 17A15 15 0 0 0 244 2L137,2A15 15 0 0 0 122 17A15 15 0 0 0 137 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="191" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text>
|
|
<polygon points="282,17 271,21 271,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M259,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="286" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,82 39,86 39,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,67 Q 24,82 34,82 L 45,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,97A15 15 0 0 0 81 82L81,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 67A15 15 0 0 0 50 82L50,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="66" y="82" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">-</text>
|
|
<path d="M81,82 L 88,82 Q 96,82 96,67 L 96,44 L 96,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="66,17 54,21 54,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L60,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,17L111,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p><p>The ending frame boundary can be omitted (if the
|
|
BETWEEN and AND keywords that surround the starting frame boundary
|
|
are also omitted),
|
|
in which case the ending frame boundary defaults to CURRENT ROW.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> If the frame type is RANGE or GROUPS, then rows with the same values for
|
|
all ORDER BY expressions are considered "peers". Or, if there are no ORDER BY
|
|
terms, all rows are peers. Peers are always within the same frame.
|
|
|
|
</p><p>The default <span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span> is:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW EXCLUDE NO OTHERS
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The default means that aggregate window functions read all
|
|
rows from the beginning of the partition up to and including the
|
|
current row and its peers. This implies that rows that have the same values for
|
|
all ORDER BY expressions will also have the same value for the result of the
|
|
window function (as the window frame is the same). For example:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- a | b | c | group_concat</i>
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
<i>-- 1 | A | one | A.D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- 2 | B | two | A.D.G.C.F.B.E</i>
|
|
<i>-- 3 | C | three | A.D.G.C.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- 4 | D | one | A.D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- 5 | E | two | A.D.G.C.F.B.E</i>
|
|
<i>-- 6 | F | three | A.D.G.C.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- 7 | G | one | A.D.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT a, b, c,
|
|
group_concat(b, '.') OVER (ORDER BY c) AS group_concat
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<a name="frametype"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="frame_type"><span>2.2.1. </span>Frame Type</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are three frame types: ROWS, GROUPS, and RANGE.
|
|
The frame type determines how the starting and ending boundaries
|
|
of the frame are measured.
|
|
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li><p><b>ROWS</b>:
|
|
The ROWS frame type means that the starting and ending boundaries
|
|
for the frame are determined by counting individual rows relative
|
|
to the current row.
|
|
|
|
<a name="grouptype"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p><b>GROUPS</b>:
|
|
The GROUPS frame type means that the starting and ending boundaries
|
|
are determine by counting "groups" relative to the current group.
|
|
A "group" is a set of rows that all have equivalent values for all
|
|
all terms of the window ORDER BY clause. ("Equivalent" means that
|
|
the <a href="lang_expr.html#isisnot">IS operator</a> is true when comparing the two values.)
|
|
In other words, a group consists of all peers of a row.
|
|
|
|
<a name="rangetype"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p><b>RANGE</b>:
|
|
The RANGE frame type requires that the ORDER BY clause of the
|
|
window have exactly one term. Call that term "X". With the
|
|
RANGE frame type, the elements of the frame are determined by
|
|
computing the value of expression X for all rows in the partition
|
|
and framing those rows for which the value of X is within a certain
|
|
range of the value of X for the current row. See the description
|
|
in the "<a href="windowfunctions.html#exprrange"><expr> PRECEDING</a>" boundary
|
|
specification below for details.
|
|
</p></li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>The ROWS and GROUPS frame types are similar in that they
|
|
both determine the extent of a frame by counting relative to
|
|
the current row. The difference is that ROWS counts individual
|
|
rows and GROUPS counts peer groups.
|
|
The RANGE frame type is different.
|
|
The RANGE frame type determines the extent of a frame by
|
|
looking for expression values that are within some band of
|
|
values relative to the current row.
|
|
|
|
<a name="frameboundary"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p><h3 id="frame_boundaries"><span>2.2.2. </span>Frame Boundaries</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> There are five ways to describe starting and ending frame boundaries:
|
|
|
|
</p><ol>
|
|
<li><p> <b>UNBOUNDED PRECEDING</b><br>
|
|
The frame boundary is the first
|
|
row in the <a href="windowfunctions.html#ptxn">partition</a>.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p> <b><expr> PRECEDING</b><br>
|
|
<expr> must be a non-negative constant numeric expression.
|
|
The boundary is a row that is <expr> "units" prior to
|
|
the current row. The meaning of "units" here depends on the
|
|
frame type:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li><p> <b>ROWS →</b>
|
|
The frame boundary is the row that is <expr>
|
|
rows before the current row, or the first row of the
|
|
partition if there are fewer than <expr> rows
|
|
before the current row. <expr> must be an integer.
|
|
</p></li><li><p> <b>GROUPS →</b>
|
|
A "group" is a set of peer rows - rows that all have
|
|
the same values for every term in the ORDER BY clause.
|
|
The frame boundary is the group that is <expr>
|
|
groups before the group containing the current row, or the
|
|
first group of the partition if there are fewer
|
|
than <expr> groups before the current row.
|
|
For the starting boundary of a frame, the first
|
|
row of the group is used and for the ending boundary
|
|
of a frame, the last row of the group is used.
|
|
<expr> must be an integer.
|
|
<a name="exprrange"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p> <b>RANGE →</b>
|
|
For this form, the ORDER BY clause of the
|
|
<span class='yynonterm'>window-defn</span> must have a single
|
|
term. Call that ORDER BY term "X". Let
|
|
X<sub><small>i</small></sub> be the value of the X
|
|
expression for the i-th row in the partition and let
|
|
X<sub><small>c</small></sub> be the value of X for the
|
|
current row. Informally, a RANGE bound is the first row
|
|
for which X<sub><small>i</small></sub> is within
|
|
the <expr> of X<sub><small>c</small></sub>.
|
|
More precisely:
|
|
</p><ol type="a">
|
|
<li> If either X<sub><small>i</small></sub> or
|
|
X<sub><small>c</small></sub> are non-numeric, then
|
|
the boundary is the first row for which the expression
|
|
"X<sub><small>i</small></sub> IS X<sub><small>c</small></sub>"
|
|
is true.
|
|
</li><li> Else if the ORDER BY is ASC then the boundary
|
|
is the first row for which
|
|
X<sub><small>i</small></sub>>=X<sub><small>c</small></sub>-<expr>.
|
|
</li><li> Else if the ORDER BY is DESC then the boundary
|
|
is the first row for which
|
|
X<sub><small>i</small></sub><=X<sub><small>c</small></sub>+<expr>.
|
|
</li></ol>
|
|
For this form, the <expr> does not have to be an
|
|
integer. It can evaluate to a real number as long as
|
|
it is constant and non-negative.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
The boundary description "0 PRECEDING" always means the same
|
|
thing as "CURRENT ROW".
|
|
|
|
</li><li><p><b>CURRENT ROW</b><br>
|
|
The current row. For RANGE and GROUPS frame types,
|
|
peers of the current row are also included in the frame,
|
|
unless specifically excluded by the EXCLUDE clause.
|
|
This is true regardless of whether CURRENT ROW is used
|
|
as the starting or ending frame boundary.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p><b><expr> FOLLOWING</b><br>
|
|
This is the same as "<expr> PRECEDING" except that
|
|
the boundary is <expr> units after the current
|
|
rather than before the current row.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p> <b>UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING</b><br>
|
|
The frame boundary is the last
|
|
row in the <a href="windowfunctions.html#ptxn">partition</a>.
|
|
|
|
</p></li></ol>
|
|
|
|
<p> The ending frame boundary may not take a form that appears higher in
|
|
the above list than the starting frame boundary.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> In the following example, the window frame for each row consists of all
|
|
rows from the current row to the end of the set, where rows are sorted
|
|
according to "ORDER BY a".
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | a | b | group_concat</i>
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- one | 1 | A | A.D.G.C.F.B.E</i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 4 | D | D.G.C.F.B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 7 | G | G.C.F.B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 3 | C | C.F.B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 6 | F | F.B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 2 | B | B.E </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 5 | E | E </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT c, a, b, group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY c, a ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
|
|
) AS group_concat
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY c, a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<a name="wexcls"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="the_exclude_clause"><span>2.2.3. </span>The EXCLUDE Clause</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p> The optional EXCLUDE clause may take any of the following four forms:
|
|
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> <p><b> EXCLUDE NO OTHERS</b>: This is the default. In this case no
|
|
rows are excluded from the window frame as defined by its starting and ending
|
|
frame boundaries.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li> <p><b> EXCLUDE CURRENT ROW</b>: In this case the current row is
|
|
excluded from the window frame. Peers of the current row remain in
|
|
the frame for the GROUPS and RANGE frame types.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li> <p><b> EXCLUDE GROUP</b>: In this case the current row and all other
|
|
rows that are peers of the current row are excluded from the frame. When
|
|
processing an EXCLUDE clause, all rows with the same ORDER BY values, or all
|
|
rows in the partition if there is no ORDER BY clause, are considered peers,
|
|
even if the frame type is ROWS.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li> <p><b> EXCLUDE TIES</b>: In this case the current row is part of the
|
|
frame, but peers of the current row are excluded.
|
|
</p></li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p> The following example demonstrates the effect of the various
|
|
forms of the EXCLUDE clause:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | a | b | no_others | current_row | grp | ties</i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 1 | A | A.D.G | D.G | | A</i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 4 | D | A.D.G | A.G | | D</i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 7 | G | A.D.G | A.D | | G</i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 3 | C | A.D.G.C.F | A.D.G.F | A.D.G | A.D.G.C</i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 6 | F | A.D.G.C.F | A.D.G.C | A.D.G | A.D.G.F</i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 2 | B | A.D.G.C.F.B.E | A.D.G.C.F.E | A.D.G.C.F | A.D.G.C.F.B</i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 5 | E | A.D.G.C.F.B.E | A.D.G.C.F.B | A.D.G.C.F | A.D.G.C.F.E</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT c, a, b,
|
|
group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY c GROUPS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW EXCLUDE NO OTHERS
|
|
) AS no_others,
|
|
group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY c GROUPS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW EXCLUDE CURRENT ROW
|
|
) AS current_row,
|
|
group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY c GROUPS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW EXCLUDE GROUP
|
|
) AS grp,
|
|
group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY c GROUPS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW EXCLUDE TIES
|
|
) AS ties
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY c, a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="the_filter_clause"><span>2.3. </span>The FILTER Clause</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/filter-clause.html">filter-clause:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x9c6ef48a' onclick='hideorshow("x9c6ef48a","x4dc11b33")'>hide</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x4dc11b33' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:422px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 422.381 34.56">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M47,32L93,32A15 15 0 0 0 108 17A15 15 0 0 0 93 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FILTER</text>
|
|
<polygon points="131,17 119,21 119,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M108,17L125,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M146,32L146,32A15 15 0 0 0 161 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 2L146,2A15 15 0 0 0 131 17A15 15 0 0 0 146 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="146" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
|
<polygon points="184,17 173,21 173,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M161,17L178,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M631,1009L658,1009A15 15 0 0 0 673 994A15 15 0 0 0 658 978L631,978A15 15 0 0 0 616 994A15 15 0 0 0 631 1009Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="645" y="994" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ELSE</text>
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<path d="M673,994L691,994" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M696,1009L746,1009L746,978L696,978Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="721" y="994" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<text x="807" y="994" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">END</text>
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<path d="M24,978 L 24,986 Q 24,994 31,994 L 39,994" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M104,994 L 111,994 Q 119,994 119,1007 Q 119,1021 134,1021 L 186,1021 Q 201,1021 201,1007 Q 201,994 208,994 L 216,994" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="360,1021 372,1016 372,1025" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M360,1021 L 235,1021 Q 220,1021 220,1007 Q 220,994 227,994 L 235,994" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M578,994 L 585,994 Q 593,994 593,1007 Q 593,1021 608,1021 L 742,1021 Q 757,1021 757,1007 Q 757,994 765,994 L 772,994" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M45,1066L173,1066L173,1036L45,1036Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="109" y="1051" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">raise-function</text>
|
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<path d="M173,1051L910,1051" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M916,1051 L 924,1051 Q 931,1051 931,1036 L 931,32 Q 931,17 939,17 L 946,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="45,1051 33,1055 33,1047" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
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<p><b><a href="syntax/function-arguments.html">function-arguments:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x7f57e866' onclick='hideorshow("x7f57e866","xd7a5c5d5")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xd7a5c5d5' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:456px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 456.566 223.344">
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<circle cx="5" cy="56" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,56 20,60 20,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,56L26,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="66,26 55,30 55,22" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,56 L 38,56 Q 43,56 43,41 L 43,41 Q 43,26 52,26 L 61,26" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M82,41L150,41A15 15 0 0 0 165 26L165,26A15 15 0 0 0 150 11L82,11A15 15 0 0 0 66 26L66,26A15 15 0 0 0 82 41Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="116" y="26" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DISTINCT</text>
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<path d="M165,26L177,26" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="218,56 206,60 206,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M183,26 L 189,26 Q 194,26 194,41 L 194,41 Q 194,56 203,56 L 212,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="254,56 242,60 242,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M218,56L248,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M254,71L303,71L303,41L254,41Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="278" y="56" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M303,56L441,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="450" cy="56" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="116,56 104,60 104,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,56L110,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="218,56 206,60 206,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M116,56L212,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M278,32A15 15 0 0 0 293 17A15 15 0 0 0 278 2A15 15 0 0 0 263 17A15 15 0 0 0 278 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="278" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="293,17 305,12 305,21" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M303,56 L 314,56 Q 326,56 326,41 L 326,32 Q 326,17 312,17 L 299,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="254,56 242,60 242,52" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M263,17 L 245,17 Q 230,17 230,32 L 230,41 Q 230,56 239,56 L 248,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M228,207A15 15 0 0 0 243 192L243,192A15 15 0 0 0 228 177A15 15 0 0 0 213 192L213,192A15 15 0 0 0 228 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="228" y="192" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">*</text>
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<path d="M32,56 L 38,56 Q 43,56 43,71 L 43,177 Q 43,192 58,192 L 192,192 L 207,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="278,192 267,196 267,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M243,192L272,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M278,192 L 360,192 Q 375,192 390,192 L 394,192 Q 409,192 409,177 L 409,71 Q 409,56 415,56 L 421,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="228,216 216,221 216,212" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M116,192 L 181,192 Q 196,192 196,204 Q 196,216 209,216 L 222,216" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M228,216 L 242,216 Q 257,216 257,204 Q 257,192 262,192 L 268,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="90,117 78,121 78,112" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M303,56 L 313,56 Q 323,56 323,71 L 323,71 Q 323,86 308,86 L 81,86 Q 66,86 66,101 L 66,102 Q 66,117 75,117 L 84,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M105,132L149,132A15 15 0 0 0 164 117L164,117A15 15 0 0 0 149 101L105,101A15 15 0 0 0 90 117L90,117A15 15 0 0 0 105 132Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="127" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ORDER</text>
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<polygon points="182,117 170,121 170,112" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M164,117L176,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M197,132L201,132A15 15 0 0 0 216 117L216,117A15 15 0 0 0 201 101L197,101A15 15 0 0 0 182 117L182,117A15 15 0 0 0 197 132Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="199" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<polygon points="245,117 233,121 233,112" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M216,117L239,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M245,132L375,132L375,101L245,101Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="117" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
|
|
<path d="M310,169A15 15 0 0 0 325 154A15 15 0 0 0 310 139A15 15 0 0 0 294 154A15 15 0 0 0 310 169Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="310" y="154" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
|
<polygon points="325,154 336,150 336,159" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M375,117 L 380,117 Q 386,117 386,132 L 386,139 Q 386,154 371,154 L 345,154 L 330,154" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="245,117 233,121 233,112" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M294,154 L 260,154 Q 245,154 236,154 Q 227,154 227,139 L 227,132 Q 227,117 233,117 L 239,117" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M375,117 L 383,117 Q 392,117 392,102 L 392,71 Q 392,56 407,56 L 413,56 L 428,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x085f9125' onclick='hideorshow("x085f9125","xa064d583")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xa064d583' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
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<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
|
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<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
|
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<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/literal-value.html">literal-value:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x301b5e69' onclick='hideorshow("x301b5e69","x7dbaddb3")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x7dbaddb3' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:341px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 341.376 336.96">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="50,319 39,324 39,315" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M66,297L192,297A15 15 0 0 0 207 281A15 15 0 0 0 192 266L66,266A15 15 0 0 0 50 281A15 15 0 0 0 66 297Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/over-clause.html">over-clause:</a></b>
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<button id='xd98e3155' onclick='hideorshow("xd98e3155","x17f939ee")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='x17f939ee' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:600px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 600.706 418.392">
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<path d="M47,32L78,32A15 15 0 0 0 93 17A15 15 0 0 0 78 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M93,17L123,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
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|
<button id='x36e52421' onclick='hideorshow("x36e52421","x0f9f75a4")'>show</button></p>
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|
<div id='x0f9f75a4' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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<text x="717" y="395" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ROW</text>
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<polygon points="767,395 756,399 756,390" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M744,395L762,395" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<path d="M767,395 L 775,395 Q 782,395 782,402 L 782,410" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,448L529,448A15 15 0 0 0 544 433A15 15 0 0 0 529 417L461,417A15 15 0 0 0 446 433A15 15 0 0 0 461 448Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="495" y="433" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCLUDE</text>
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<polygon points="567,433 555,437 555,428" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M544,433L561,433" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M582,448L625,448A15 15 0 0 0 640 433A15 15 0 0 0 625 417L582,417A15 15 0 0 0 567 433A15 15 0 0 0 582 448Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="604" y="433" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUP</text>
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<polygon points="767,433 756,437 756,428" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M640,433L762,433" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M767,433 L 775,433 Q 782,433 782,440 L 782,448" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,486L529,486A15 15 0 0 0 544 470A15 15 0 0 0 529 455L461,455A15 15 0 0 0 446 470A15 15 0 0 0 461 486Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<text x="495" y="470" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCLUDE</text>
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|
<polygon points="567,470 555,475 555,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M544,470L561,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M582,486L604,486A15 15 0 0 0 619 470A15 15 0 0 0 604 455L582,455A15 15 0 0 0 567 470A15 15 0 0 0 582 486Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="593" y="470" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">TIES</text>
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<polygon points="767,470 756,475 756,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M619,470L762,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M767,470 L 775,470 Q 782,470 782,478 L 782,485" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M461,372L529,372A15 15 0 0 0 544 357A15 15 0 0 0 529 342L461,342A15 15 0 0 0 446 357A15 15 0 0 0 461 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="495" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCLUDE</text>
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<polygon points="567,357 555,361 555,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M544,357L561,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M582,372L591,372A15 15 0 0 0 606 357A15 15 0 0 0 591 342L582,342A15 15 0 0 0 567 357A15 15 0 0 0 582 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="586" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NO</text>
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<polygon points="629,357 617,361 617,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M606,357L623,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M644,372L700,372A15 15 0 0 0 715 357A15 15 0 0 0 700 342L644,342A15 15 0 0 0 629 357A15 15 0 0 0 644 372Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<text x="672" y="357" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OTHERS</text>
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<polygon points="767,357 756,361 756,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M715,357L762,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="890,516 879,520 879,511" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M767,357 L 775,357 Q 782,357 782,372 L 782,501 Q 782,516 797,516 L 870,516 L 885,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<circle cx="894" cy="516" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="710,304 722,300 722,308" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M1001,304L716,304" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="527,516 516,520 516,511" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M710,304 L 434,304 Q 419,304 419,319 L 419,501 Q 419,516 434,516 L 507,516 L 522,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M527,516L797,516" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="446,357 434,361 434,353" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M419,342 L 419,349 Q 419,357 430,357 L 440,357" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="446,395 434,399 434,390" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M419,380 L 419,387 Q 419,395 430,395 L 440,395" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="446,433 434,437 434,428" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M419,417 L 419,425 Q 419,433 430,433 L 440,433" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<polygon points="446,470 434,475 434,466" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M419,455 L 419,463 Q 419,470 430,470 L 440,470" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
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<button id='x1df87fd8' onclick='hideorshow("x1df87fd8","x420baa92")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x420baa92' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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|
<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/raise-function.html">raise-function:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x4a5943b5' onclick='hideorshow("x4a5943b5","x85d7df8c")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x85d7df8c' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:627px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 627.302 147.96">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M47,32L82,32A15 15 0 0 0 97 17A15 15 0 0 0 82 2L47,2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="65" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RAISE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="120,17 109,21 109,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M97,17L114,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M135,32L135,32A15 15 0 0 0 150 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 2L135,2A15 15 0 0 0 120 17A15 15 0 0 0 135 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="135" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
|
<polygon points="192,55 180,59 180,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M150,17 L 158,17 Q 165,17 165,32 L 165,40 Q 165,55 176,55 L 186,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M207,70L285,70A15 15 0 0 0 300 55L300,55A15 15 0 0 0 285 39L207,39A15 15 0 0 0 192 55L192,55A15 15 0 0 0 207 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="246" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ROLLBACK</text>
|
|
<polygon points="336,55 324,59 324,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M300,55L330,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M351,70A15 15 0 0 0 366 55L366,55A15 15 0 0 0 351 39A15 15 0 0 0 336 55L336,55A15 15 0 0 0 351 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="351" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
|
<polygon points="389,55 378,59 378,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M366,55L383,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M404,70L508,70A15 15 0 0 0 523 55L523,55A15 15 0 0 0 508 39L404,39A15 15 0 0 0 389 55L389,55A15 15 0 0 0 404 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="456" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">error-message</text>
|
|
<polygon points="564,17 553,21 553,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M523,55 L 530,55 Q 538,55 538,40 L 538,32 Q 538,17 548,17 L 558,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M579,32A15 15 0 0 0 594 17A15 15 0 0 0 579 2A15 15 0 0 0 564 17A15 15 0 0 0 579 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="579" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
|
<polygon points="617,17 606,21 606,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M594,17L612,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="621" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="192,17 180,21 180,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M150,17L186,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M207,32L259,32A15 15 0 0 0 274 17A15 15 0 0 0 259 2L207,2A15 15 0 0 0 192 17A15 15 0 0 0 207 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="233" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">IGNORE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="456,17 444,21 444,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M274,17L450,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M456,17L553,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M207,108L249,108A15 15 0 0 0 264 92A15 15 0 0 0 249 77L207,77A15 15 0 0 0 192 92A15 15 0 0 0 207 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="228" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ABORT</text>
|
|
<polygon points="300,92 288,97 288,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M264,92L294,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M300,92 L 307,92 Q 315,92 315,77 L 315,70 Q 315,55 322,55 L 330,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<p><b><a href="syntax/select-stmt.html">select-stmt:</a></b>
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<button id='xb11a1037' onclick='hideorshow("xb11a1037","x12d9418a")'>show</button></p>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/common-table-expression.html">common-table-expression:</a></b>
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<path d="M461,44A15 15 0 0 0 476 29A15 15 0 0 0 461 14A15 15 0 0 0 446 29A15 15 0 0 0 461 44Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="461" y="29" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<text x="49" y="150" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
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<text x="137" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NOT</text>
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<text x="278" y="119" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">MATERIALIZED</text>
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<path d="M410,165A15 15 0 0 0 425 150A15 15 0 0 0 410 135A15 15 0 0 0 395 150A15 15 0 0 0 410 165Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M333,66 L 278,66 Q 263,66 263,51 L 263,44 Q 263,29 270,29 L 278,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="204,119 192,124 192,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M66,150 L 147,150 Q 162,150 170,150 Q 177,150 177,135 L 177,134 Q 177,119 188,119 L 198,119" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="395,150 383,154 383,145" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M66,150L395,150" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M160,29 L 168,29 Q 175,29 175,17 Q 175,6 190,6 L 327,6 L 342,6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M348,6 L 473,6 Q 488,6 488,17 Q 488,29 495,29 L 503,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/compound-operator.html">compound-operator:</a></b>
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<button id='xbe4aff98' onclick='hideorshow("xbe4aff98","xbacc089d")'>show</button></p>
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<div id='xbacc089d' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
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<div style="max-width:293px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 293.842 147.96">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,17 56,21 56,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,17L62,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M83,32L127,32A15 15 0 0 0 142 17A15 15 0 0 0 127 2L83,2A15 15 0 0 0 68 17A15 15 0 0 0 83 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="105" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
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<path d="M83,70L127,70A15 15 0 0 0 142 55L142,55A15 15 0 0 0 127 39L83,39A15 15 0 0 0 68 55L68,55A15 15 0 0 0 83 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="105" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNION</text>
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<path d="M83,108L168,108A15 15 0 0 0 183 92A15 15 0 0 0 168 77L83,77A15 15 0 0 0 68 92A15 15 0 0 0 83 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="125" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INTERSECT</text>
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<path d="M83,145L135,145A15 15 0 0 0 150 130A15 15 0 0 0 135 115L83,115A15 15 0 0 0 68 130A15 15 0 0 0 83 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="109" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXCEPT</text>
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<path d="M142,55L159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M180,70L195,70A15 15 0 0 0 210 55L210,55A15 15 0 0 0 195 39L180,39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="187" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ALL</text>
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<polygon points="233,55 221,59 221,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M210,55L227,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="284,17 272,21 272,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M233,55 L 240,55 Q 248,55 248,40 L 248,32 Q 248,17 263,17 L 263,17 L 278,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="288" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,55 56,59 56,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M32,17 L 39,17 Q 47,17 47,32 L 47,40 Q 47,55 55,55 L 62,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M142,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,92 56,97 56,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M47,39 L 47,77 Q 47,92 55,92 L 62,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="233,92 221,97 221,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M183,92L227,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M233,92 L 240,92 Q 248,92 248,77 L 248,54 L 248,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="68,130 56,135 56,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M47,77 L 47,115 Q 47,130 55,130 L 62,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="233,130 221,135 221,126" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M150,130L227,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M233,130 L 240,130 Q 248,130 248,115 L 248,92 L 248,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-clause.html">join-clause:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x09db4fdc' onclick='hideorshow("x09db4fdc","xf6525aa6")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xf6525aa6' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:793px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 793.282 84.24">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M32,32L193,32L193,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="112" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
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<polygon points="259,47 247,51 247,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M193,17 L 200,17 Q 208,17 208,32 L 208,32 Q 208,47 223,47 L 238,47 L 253,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M259,62L380,62L380,32L259,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="319" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-operator</text>
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<polygon points="403,47 391,51 391,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M380,47L397,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M403,62L564,62L564,32L403,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="483" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">table-or-subquery</text>
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<polygon points="587,47 575,51 575,43" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M564,47L581,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M587,62L721,62L721,32L587,32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="654" y="47" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-constraint</text>
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<polygon points="783,17 772,21 772,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M721,47 L 742,47 Q 757,47 757,32 L 757,32 Q 757,17 767,17 L 778,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="787" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="483,17 472,21 472,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M193,17L478,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M483,17L776,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="483,77 495,73 495,82" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M721,47 L 728,47 Q 736,47 736,62 L 736,62 Q 736,77 721,77 L 504,77 L 489,77" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M483,77 L 247,77 Q 232,77 232,62 L 232,62 Q 232,47 246,47 L 259,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-constraint.html">join-constraint:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xf5b07b14' onclick='hideorshow("xf5b07b14","x7d470f23")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x7d470f23' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:483px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 483.336 126.576">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,55 39,59 39,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,40 Q 24,55 34,55 L 45,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,70L104,70A15 15 0 0 0 120 55L120,55A15 15 0 0 0 104 39L66,39A15 15 0 0 0 50 55L50,55A15 15 0 0 0 66 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="85" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">USING</text>
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<polygon points="143,55 131,59 131,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M120,55L137,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M158,70A15 15 0 0 0 173 55L173,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 39A15 15 0 0 0 143 55L143,55A15 15 0 0 0 158 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="158" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="209,55 197,59 197,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M173,55L203,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M224,70L318,70A15 15 0 0 0 333 55L333,55A15 15 0 0 0 318 39L224,39A15 15 0 0 0 209 55L209,55A15 15 0 0 0 224 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="271" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-name</text>
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<polygon points="369,55 358,59 358,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M333,55L363,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M384,70A15 15 0 0 0 399 55L399,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 39A15 15 0 0 0 369 55L369,55A15 15 0 0 0 384 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="384" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="422,55 411,59 411,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M399,55L417,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="473,17 462,21 462,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M422,55 L 430,55 Q 437,55 437,40 L 437,32 Q 437,17 452,17 L 453,17 L 468,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="477" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M271,108A15 15 0 0 0 286 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 77A15 15 0 0 0 256 92A15 15 0 0 0 271 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="271" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M66,32L74,32A15 15 0 0 0 90 17A15 15 0 0 0 74 2L66,2A15 15 0 0 0 50 17A15 15 0 0 0 66 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="70" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ON</text>
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<path d="M90,17L107,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M113,32L162,32L162,2L113,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="137" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="422,17 411,21 411,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M162,17L417,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M422,17L462,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="209,120 197,124 197,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,105 Q 24,120 39,120 L 188,120 L 203,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M209,120 L 422,120 Q 437,120 437,105 L 437,54 L 437,39" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/join-operator.html">join-operator:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x1f8f067e' onclick='hideorshow("x1f8f067e","x77621cba")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x77621cba' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:620px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 620.333 255.312">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="50,71 39,76 39,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,56 Q 24,71 34,71 L 45,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,86L133,86A15 15 0 0 0 148 71A15 15 0 0 0 133 56L66,56A15 15 0 0 0 50 71A15 15 0 0 0 66 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="99" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NATURAL</text>
|
|
<polygon points="189,41 178,45 178,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M148,71 L 155,71 Q 163,71 163,56 L 163,56 Q 163,41 173,41 L 184,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,71 219,76 219,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,56 Q 204,71 215,71 L 225,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,86L273,86A15 15 0 0 0 288 71A15 15 0 0 0 273 56L246,56A15 15 0 0 0 231 71A15 15 0 0 0 246 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="259" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LEFT</text>
|
|
<polygon points="378,71 366,76 366,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M288,71L372,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M393,86L437,86A15 15 0 0 0 452 71A15 15 0 0 0 437 56L393,56A15 15 0 0 0 378 71A15 15 0 0 0 393 86Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="415" y="71" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">OUTER</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,71 463,76 463,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M452,71L469,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="516,41 505,45 505,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M475,71 L 482,71 Q 490,71 490,56 L 490,56 Q 490,41 500,41 L 511,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M532,56L554,56A15 15 0 0 0 569 41A15 15 0 0 0 554 26L532,26A15 15 0 0 0 516 41A15 15 0 0 0 532 56Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="543" y="41" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">JOIN</text>
|
|
<polygon points="610,17 599,21 599,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M569,41 L 576,41 Q 584,41 584,29 Q 584,17 594,17 L 605,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="614" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M310,32A15 15 0 0 0 325 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 2A15 15 0 0 0 295 17A15 15 0 0 0 310 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="310" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
|
<polygon points="295,17 283,21 283,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L289,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M325,17L599,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="99,41 88,45 88,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,29 Q 24,41 39,41 L 78,41 L 93,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M99,41L178,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M189,41L505,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="378,41 366,45 366,37" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M336,71 L 344,71 Q 351,71 351,56 L 351,56 Q 351,41 362,41 L 372,41" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,109 219,113 219,105" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,94 Q 204,109 215,109 L 225,109" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,124L284,124A15 15 0 0 0 299 109A15 15 0 0 0 284 94L246,94A15 15 0 0 0 231 109A15 15 0 0 0 246 124Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="265" y="109" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RIGHT</text>
|
|
<polygon points="341,71 329,76 329,67" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M299,109 L 307,109 Q 314,109 314,94 L 314,86 Q 314,71 324,71 L 335,71" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,147 219,151 219,142" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,132 Q 204,147 215,147 L 225,147" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,162L274,162A15 15 0 0 0 289 147A15 15 0 0 0 274 132L246,132A15 15 0 0 0 231 147A15 15 0 0 0 246 162Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="260" y="147" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FULL</text>
|
|
<path d="M289,147 L 302,147 Q 314,147 314,132 L 314,109 L 314,94" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,192 219,196 219,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M189,41 L 197,41 Q 204,41 204,56 L 204,177 Q 204,192 215,192 L 225,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,207L287,207A15 15 0 0 0 302 192A15 15 0 0 0 287 177L246,177A15 15 0 0 0 231 192A15 15 0 0 0 246 207Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="192" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">INNER</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,192 463,196 463,188" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M302,192L469,192" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,192 L 482,192 Q 490,192 490,185 L 490,177" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="231,238 219,242 219,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,223 Q 24,238 39,238 L 210,238 L 225,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M246,253L287,253A15 15 0 0 0 303 238A15 15 0 0 0 287 222L246,222A15 15 0 0 0 231 238A15 15 0 0 0 246 253Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="267" y="238" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">CROSS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="475,238 463,242 463,233" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M303,238L469,238" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M475,238 L 482,238 Q 490,238 490,223 L 490,71 L 490,56" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/ordering-term.html">ordering-term:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x2c2d83da' onclick='hideorshow("x2c2d83da","x4f75c28b")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='x4f75c28b' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:798px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 798.451 99.576">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M32,32L81,32L81,2L32,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="56" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="111,44 100,48 100,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17 L 89,17 Q 96,17 96,30 Q 96,44 101,44 L 105,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M126,59L190,59A15 15 0 0 0 205 44L205,44A15 15 0 0 0 190 29L126,29A15 15 0 0 0 111 44L111,44A15 15 0 0 0 126 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="158" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">COLLATE</text>
|
|
<polygon points="228,44 217,48 217,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M205,44L223,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M244,59L349,59A15 15 0 0 0 364 44L364,44A15 15 0 0 0 349 29L244,29A15 15 0 0 0 228 44L228,44A15 15 0 0 0 244 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="296" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">collation-name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="406,17 394,21 394,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M364,44 L 372,44 Q 379,44 379,30 Q 379,17 389,17 L 400,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="243,17 232,21 232,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,17L238,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M243,17L394,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="447,82 436,86 436,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17 L 413,17 Q 421,17 421,32 L 421,67 Q 421,82 431,82 L 441,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,97L492,97A15 15 0 0 0 508 82A15 15 0 0 0 492 67L462,67A15 15 0 0 0 447 82A15 15 0 0 0 462 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="477" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">DESC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="549,17 538,21 538,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M508,82 L 515,82 Q 523,82 523,67 L 523,32 Q 523,17 533,17 L 543,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M462,59L479,59A15 15 0 0 0 494 44L494,44A15 15 0 0 0 479 29L462,29A15 15 0 0 0 447 44L447,44A15 15 0 0 0 462 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="471" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ASC</text>
|
|
<polygon points="447,44 436,48 436,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M421,29 L 421,36 Q 421,44 431,44 L 441,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M494,44 L 508,44 Q 523,44 523,36 L 523,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="477,17 466,21 466,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M406,17L472,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M477,17L538,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="591,44 579,48 579,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17 L 557,17 Q 564,17 564,30 Q 564,44 574,44 L 585,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,59L648,59A15 15 0 0 0 663 44L663,44A15 15 0 0 0 648 29L606,29A15 15 0 0 0 591 44L591,44A15 15 0 0 0 606 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,44 674,48 674,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,44L680,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,59L735,59A15 15 0 0 0 750 44L750,44A15 15 0 0 0 735 29L701,29A15 15 0 0 0 686 44L686,44A15 15 0 0 0 701 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="718" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FIRST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="791,17 780,21 780,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M750,44 L 757,44 Q 765,44 765,30 Q 765,17 775,17 L 786,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M606,97L648,97A15 15 0 0 0 663 82A15 15 0 0 0 648 67L606,67A15 15 0 0 0 591 82A15 15 0 0 0 606 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="627" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">NULLS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="686,82 674,86 674,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M663,82L680,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M701,97L727,97A15 15 0 0 0 742 82A15 15 0 0 0 727 67L701,67A15 15 0 0 0 686 82A15 15 0 0 0 701 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="714" y="82" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">LAST</text>
|
|
<polygon points="591,82 579,86 579,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M564,29 L 564,67 Q 564,82 574,82 L 585,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M742,82 L 754,82 Q 765,82 765,67 L 765,44 L 765,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="670,17 659,21 659,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M549,17L665,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M670,17L780,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/result-column.html">result-column:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x9766d8b9' onclick='hideorshow("x9766d8b9","xbe4652fc")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xbe4652fc' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:398px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 398.054 163.08">
|
|
<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="45,17 33,21 33,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17L39,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M45,32L94,32L94,2L45,2Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="69" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
|
|
<polygon points="136,55 124,59 124,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M94,17 L 102,17 Q 109,17 109,32 L 109,40 Q 109,55 119,55 L 130,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M151,70L155,70A15 15 0 0 0 170 55L170,55A15 15 0 0 0 155 39L151,39A15 15 0 0 0 136 55L136,55A15 15 0 0 0 151 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="153" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AS</text>
|
|
<polygon points="206,55 194,59 194,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M170,55L200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M221,70L309,70A15 15 0 0 0 324 55L324,55A15 15 0 0 0 309 39L221,39A15 15 0 0 0 206 55L206,55A15 15 0 0 0 221 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="265" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">column-alias</text>
|
|
<polygon points="347,55 335,59 335,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M324,55L341,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="388,17 377,21 377,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M347,55 L 354,55 Q 362,55 362,40 L 362,32 Q 362,17 372,17 L 382,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="392" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<polygon points="153,85 141,89 141,81" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M109,39 L 109,70 Q 109,85 124,85 L 132,85 L 147,85" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M153,85 L 170,85 Q 185,85 185,70 L 185,70 Q 185,55 192,55 L 200,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M380,364L654,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="711,36 699,41 699,32" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M660,364 L 667,364 Q 675,364 675,349 L 675,51 Q 675,36 690,36 L 690,36 L 705,36" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<circle cx="715" cy="36" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M215,417A15 15 0 0 0 230 402A15 15 0 0 0 215 387A15 15 0 0 0 200 402A15 15 0 0 0 215 417Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="215" y="402" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<path d="M296,364 L 303,364 Q 311,364 311,379 L 311,387 Q 311,402 296,402 L 251,402 L 236,402" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M200,402 L 123,402 Q 108,402 108,387 L 108,379 Q 108,364 116,364 L 123,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="122,440 111,444 111,436" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M81,364 L 88,364 Q 96,364 96,379 L 96,425 Q 96,440 106,440 L 116,440" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M122,455L224,455L224,425L122,425Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="173" y="440" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">join-clause</text>
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<path d="M224,440 L 308,440 Q 323,440 323,425 L 323,379 Q 323,364 331,364 L 338,364" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><b><a href="syntax/window-defn.html">window-defn:</a></b>
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<button id='x5a375ead' onclick='hideorshow("x5a375ead","x050877ef")'>show</button></p>
|
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<div id='x050877ef' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
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<div style="max-width:479px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 479.765 380.592">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="32,17 20,21 20,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17L26,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M47,32A15 15 0 0 0 62 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 2A15 15 0 0 0 32 17A15 15 0 0 0 47 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="47" y="17" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
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<polygon points="104,44 92,48 92,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,17 L 70,17 Q 77,17 77,30 Q 77,44 88,44 L 98,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M119,59L260,59A15 15 0 0 0 275 44L275,44A15 15 0 0 0 260 29L119,29A15 15 0 0 0 104 44L104,44A15 15 0 0 0 119 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="190" y="44" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">base-window-name</text>
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<path d="M119,135L198,135A15 15 0 0 0 214 120A15 15 0 0 0 198 104L119,104A15 15 0 0 0 104 120A15 15 0 0 0 119 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="159" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">PARTITION</text>
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<polygon points="237,120 225,124 225,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M214,120L231,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M252,135L256,135A15 15 0 0 0 271 120A15 15 0 0 0 256 104L252,104A15 15 0 0 0 237 120A15 15 0 0 0 252 135Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="254" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<polygon points="307,120 295,124 295,115" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M271,120L301,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M307,135L356,135L356,104L307,104Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="332" y="120" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">expr</text>
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<path d="M332,173A15 15 0 0 0 347 157A15 15 0 0 0 332 142A15 15 0 0 0 316 157A15 15 0 0 0 332 173Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="332" y="157" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="347,157 358,153 358,162" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M356,120 L 364,120 Q 371,120 371,135 L 371,142 Q 371,157 362,157 L 352,157" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M316,157 L 295,157 Q 280,157 280,142 L 280,135 Q 280,120 288,120 L 295,120" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,17 178,21 178,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,17L184,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="190,82 201,77 201,86" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M190,17 L 298,17 Q 313,17 313,32 L 313,67 Q 313,82 298,82 L 210,82 L 195,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M298,44 L 306,44 Q 313,44 313,51 L 313,59" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M119,248L163,248A15 15 0 0 0 178 233A15 15 0 0 0 163 218L119,218A15 15 0 0 0 104 233A15 15 0 0 0 119 248Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="141" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ORDER</text>
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<polygon points="201,233 190,237 190,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M178,233L196,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M217,248L221,248A15 15 0 0 0 236 233A15 15 0 0 0 221 218L217,218A15 15 0 0 0 201 233A15 15 0 0 0 217 248Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="219" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BY</text>
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<path d="M236,233L266,233" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M272,248L402,248L402,218L272,218Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="337" y="233" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">ordering-term</text>
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<text x="337" y="271" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
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<polygon points="104,233 92,237 92,229" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,104L62,152" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,157L62,218" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M104,362L208,362L208,331L104,331Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="156" y="346" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">frame-spec</text>
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<polygon points="417,346 405,351 405,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M208,346L411,346" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M432,362A15 15 0 0 0 447 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 331A15 15 0 0 0 417 346A15 15 0 0 0 432 362Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="432" y="346" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
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<polygon points="104,346 92,351 92,342" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,218L62,265" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M62,271L62,331" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="156,374 144,378 144,369" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M62,331 L 62,359 Q 62,374 77,374 L 135,374 L 150,374" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
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</div>
|
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<p><b><a href="syntax/frame-spec.html">frame-spec:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='xc09a2f4d' onclick='hideorshow("xc09a2f4d","xea11e11d")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xea11e11d' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:1039px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 1039.65 522.72">
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="50,92 39,97 39,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,77 Q 24,92 34,92 L 45,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M66,108L120,108A15 15 0 0 0 135 92A15 15 0 0 0 120 77L66,77A15 15 0 0 0 50 92A15 15 0 0 0 66 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="93" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">GROUPS</text>
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<path d="M135,92 L 143,92 Q 150,92 150,77 L 150,32 Q 150,17 158,17 L 165,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="207,17 195,21 195,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M165,17L201,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M222,32L294,32A15 15 0 0 0 309 17A15 15 0 0 0 294 2L222,2A15 15 0 0 0 207 17A15 15 0 0 0 222 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="258" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">BETWEEN</text>
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<polygon points="351,17 339,21 339,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M309,17L345,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M366,32L467,32A15 15 0 0 0 482 17A15 15 0 0 0 467 2L366,2A15 15 0 0 0 351 17A15 15 0 0 0 366 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="417" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNBOUNDED</text>
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<path d="M515,32L603,32A15 15 0 0 0 618 17A15 15 0 0 0 603 2L515,2A15 15 0 0 0 500 17A15 15 0 0 0 515 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="559" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">PRECEDING</text>
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<polygon points="659,17 648,21 648,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M618,17L653,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M674,32L695,32A15 15 0 0 0 710 17A15 15 0 0 0 695 2L674,2A15 15 0 0 0 659 17A15 15 0 0 0 674 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="685" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">AND</text>
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<path d="M710,17 L 718,17 Q 725,17 725,32 L 725,115 Q 725,130 735,130 L 746,130" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M767,145L868,145A15 15 0 0 0 883 130A15 15 0 0 0 868 115L767,115A15 15 0 0 0 752 130A15 15 0 0 0 767 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="817" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">UNBOUNDED</text>
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<path d="M915,145L1007,145A15 15 0 0 0 1022 130A15 15 0 0 0 1007 115L915,115A15 15 0 0 0 900 130A15 15 0 0 0 915 145Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="961" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">FOLLOWING</text>
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<path d="M1022,130 L 1029,130 Q 1037,130 1037,138 L 1037,145" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="87" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">RANGE</text>
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<path d="M125,17L136,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="74" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">name</text>
|
|
<polygon points="165,92 153,97 153,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M102,17 L 123,17 Q 138,17 138,32 L 138,77 Q 138,92 149,92 L 159,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M180,108A15 15 0 0 0 195 92A15 15 0 0 0 180 77A15 15 0 0 0 165 92A15 15 0 0 0 180 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="180" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
|
<polygon points="212,92 201,97 201,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M195,92L207,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M212,108L350,108L350,77L212,77Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="281" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
|
|
<polygon points="367,92 356,97 356,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M350,92L362,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M382,108A15 15 0 0 0 398 92A15 15 0 0 0 382 77A15 15 0 0 0 367 92A15 15 0 0 0 382 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="382" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">,</text>
|
|
<polygon points="415,92 403,97 403,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M398,92L409,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M415,108L553,108L553,77L415,77Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="484" y="92" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
|
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<polygon points="570,92 558,97 558,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M553,92L564,92" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M585,108A15 15 0 0 0 600 92A15 15 0 0 0 585 77A15 15 0 0 0 570 92A15 15 0 0 0 585 108Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="585" y="92" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
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<polygon points="651,17 640,21 640,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M600,92 L 608,92 Q 615,92 615,77 L 615,32 Q 615,17 630,17 L 630,17 L 645,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<circle cx="655" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="165,55 153,59 153,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M102,17 L 123,17 Q 138,17 138,32 L 138,40 Q 138,55 149,55 L 159,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M180,70A15 15 0 0 0 195 55L195,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 39A15 15 0 0 0 165 55L165,55A15 15 0 0 0 180 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="180" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">(</text>
|
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<polygon points="212,55 201,59 201,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M195,55L207,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M212,70L350,70L350,39L212,39Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="281" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">signed-number</text>
|
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<polygon points="367,55 356,59 356,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M350,55L362,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M382,70A15 15 0 0 0 398 55L398,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 39A15 15 0 0 0 367 55L367,55A15 15 0 0 0 382 70Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="382" y="55" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">)</text>
|
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<polygon points="600,55 589,59 589,50" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M398,55L594,55" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M600,55 L 608,55 Q 615,55 615,47 L 615,40" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="74,47 85,43 85,51" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M102,17 L 110,17 Q 117,17 117,32 L 117,32 Q 117,47 102,47 L 94,47 L 79,47" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M74,47 L 33,47 Q 18,47 18,32 L 18,32 Q 18,17 26,17 L 33,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="382,17 371,21 371,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M102,17L377,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M382,17L630,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p><b><a href="syntax/signed-number.html">signed-number:</a></b>
|
|
<button id='x725d3852' onclick='hideorshow("x725d3852","xa38da6e2")'>show</button></p>
|
|
<div id='xa38da6e2' style='display:none;' class='imgcontainer'>
|
|
<div style="max-width:292px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 292.013 99.576">
|
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<circle cx="5" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="50,44 39,48 39,40" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,30 Q 24,44 34,44 L 45,44" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,59A15 15 0 0 0 81 44L81,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 29A15 15 0 0 0 50 44L50,44A15 15 0 0 0 66 59Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="66" y="44" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">+</text>
|
|
<polygon points="122,17 111,21 111,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M81,44 L 88,44 Q 96,44 96,30 Q 96,17 106,17 L 116,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M137,32L244,32A15 15 0 0 0 259 17A15 15 0 0 0 244 2L137,2A15 15 0 0 0 122 17A15 15 0 0 0 137 32Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<text x="191" y="17" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">numeric-literal</text>
|
|
<polygon points="282,17 271,21 271,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M259,17L276,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<circle cx="286" cy="17" r="3.6" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="50,82 39,86 39,77" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
|
<path d="M9,17 L 16,17 Q 24,17 24,32 L 24,67 Q 24,82 34,82 L 45,82" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
<path d="M66,97A15 15 0 0 0 81 82L81,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 67A15 15 0 0 0 50 82L50,82A15 15 0 0 0 66 97Z" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<text x="66" y="82" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="bold" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">-</text>
|
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<path d="M81,82 L 88,82 Q 96,82 96,67 L 96,44 L 96,29" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<polygon points="66,17 54,21 54,12" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
|
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<path d="M9,17L60,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
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<path d="M66,17L111,17" style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
|
|
</svg>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If a FILTER clause is provided, then only rows for which the <i>expr</i> is
|
|
true are included in the window frame. The aggregate window still returns a
|
|
value for every row, but those for which the FILTER expression evaluates to
|
|
other than true are not included in the window frame for any row. For example:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | a | b | group_concat</i>
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- one | 1 | A | A </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 2 | B | A </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 3 | C | A.C </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 4 | D | A.C.D </i>
|
|
<i>-- two | 5 | E | A.C.D </i>
|
|
<i>-- three | 6 | F | A.C.D.F </i>
|
|
<i>-- one | 7 | G | A.C.D.F.G </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT c, a, b, group_concat(b, '.') FILTER (WHERE c!='two') OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY a
|
|
) AS group_concat
|
|
FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="builtins"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="built_in_window_functions"><span>3. </span>Built-in Window Functions</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p> As well as aggregate window functions, SQLite features a set of built-in
|
|
window functions based on
|
|
<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/functions-window.html">
|
|
those supported by PostgreSQL</a>.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> Built-in window functions honor any PARTITION BY clause in the same way
|
|
as aggregate window functions - each selected row is assigned to a partition
|
|
and each partition is processed separately. The ways in which any ORDER BY
|
|
clause affects each built-in window function is described below. Some of
|
|
the window functions (rank(), dense_rank(), percent_rank() and ntile()) use
|
|
the concept of "peer groups" (rows within the same partition that have the
|
|
same values for all ORDER BY expressions). In these cases, it does not matter
|
|
whether the <span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span> specifies ROWS, GROUPS, or RANGE.
|
|
For the purposes of built-in window function processing, rows with the same values
|
|
for all ORDER BY expressions are considered peers regardless of the frame type.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> Most built-in window functions ignore the
|
|
<span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span>, the exceptions being first_value(),
|
|
last_value() and nth_value(). It is a syntax error to specify a FILTER
|
|
clause as part of a built-in window function invocation.
|
|
|
|
<a name="biwinfunc"></a>
|
|
|
|
</p><p> SQLite supports the following 11 built-in window functions:
|
|
|
|
</p><dl>
|
|
<dt><p><b>row_number()</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The number of the row within the current partition. Rows are
|
|
numbered starting from 1 in the order defined by the ORDER BY clause in
|
|
the window definition, or in arbitrary order otherwise.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>rank()</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The row_number() of the first peer in each group - the rank of the
|
|
current row with gaps. If there is no ORDER BY clause, then all rows
|
|
are considered peers and this function always returns 1.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>dense_rank()</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The number of the current row's peer group within its partition - the
|
|
rank of the current row without gaps. Rows are numbered starting
|
|
from 1 in the order defined by the ORDER BY clause in the window
|
|
definition. If there is no ORDER BY clause, then all rows are
|
|
considered peers and this function always returns 1.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>percent_rank()</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> Despite the name, this function always returns a value between 0.0
|
|
and 1.0 equal to (<i>rank</i> - 1)/(<i>partition-rows</i> - 1), where
|
|
<i>rank</i> is the value returned by built-in window function rank()
|
|
and <i>partition-rows</i> is the total number of rows in the
|
|
partition. If the partition contains only one row, this function
|
|
returns 0.0.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>cume_dist()</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The cumulative distribution. Calculated as
|
|
<i>row-number</i>/<i>partition-rows</i>, where <i>row-number</i> is
|
|
the value returned by row_number() for the last peer in the group
|
|
and <i>partition-rows</i> the number of rows in the partition.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>ntile(N)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> Argument <i>N</i> is handled as an integer. This function divides the
|
|
partition into N groups as evenly as possible and assigns an integer
|
|
between 1 and <i>N</i> to each group, in the order defined by the ORDER
|
|
BY clause, or in arbitrary order otherwise. If necessary, larger groups
|
|
occur first. This function returns the integer value assigned to the
|
|
group that the current row is a part of.
|
|
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>lag(expr)<br>lag(expr, offset)<br>lag(expr, offset, default)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The first form of the lag() function returns the result of evaluating
|
|
expression <i>expr</i> against the previous row in the partition. Or, if
|
|
there is no previous row (because the current row is the first), NULL.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> If the <i>offset</i> argument is provided, then it must be a
|
|
non-negative integer. In this case the value returned is the result
|
|
of evaluating <i>expr</i> against the row <i>offset</i> rows before the
|
|
current row within the partition. If <i>offset</i> is 0, then
|
|
<i>expr</i> is evaluated against the current row. If there is no row
|
|
<i>offset</i> rows before the current row, NULL is returned.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> If <i>default</i> is also provided, then it is returned instead of
|
|
NULL if the row identified by <i>offset</i> does not exist.
|
|
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>lead(expr)<br>lead(expr, offset)<br>lead(expr, offset, default)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> The first form of the lead() function returns the result of evaluating
|
|
expression <i>expr</i> against the next row in the partition. Or, if
|
|
there is no next row (because the current row is the last), NULL.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> If the <i>offset</i> argument is provided, then it must be a
|
|
non-negative integer. In this case the value returned is the result
|
|
of evaluating <i>expr</i> against the row <i>offset</i> rows after the
|
|
current row within the partition. If <i>offset</i> is 0, then
|
|
<i>expr</i> is evaluated against the current row. If there is no row
|
|
<i>offset</i> rows after the current row, NULL is returned.
|
|
|
|
</p><p> If <i>default</i> is also provided, then it is returned instead of
|
|
NULL if the row identified by <i>offset</i> does not exist.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>first_value(expr)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> This built-in window function calculates the window frame for each
|
|
row in the same way as an aggregate window function. It returns the
|
|
value of <i>expr</i> evaluated against the first row in the window frame
|
|
for each row.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>last_value(expr)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> This built-in window function calculates the window frame for each
|
|
row in the same way as an aggregate window function. It returns the
|
|
value of <i>expr</i> evaluated against the last row in the window frame
|
|
for each row.
|
|
</p></dd><dt><p><b>nth_value(expr, N)</b>
|
|
</p></dt><dd><p> This built-in window function calculates the window frame for each
|
|
row in the same way as an aggregate window function. It returns the
|
|
value of <i>expr</i> evaluated against the row <i>N</i> of the window
|
|
frame. Rows are numbered within the window frame starting from 1 in
|
|
the order defined by the ORDER BY clause if one is present, or in
|
|
arbitrary order otherwise. If there is no <i>N</i>th row in the
|
|
partition, then NULL is returned.
|
|
</p></dd><dd>
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>The examples in this section use the
|
|
<a href="windowfunctions.html#aggwinfunc">previously defined T1 table</a>
|
|
as well as the following T2 table:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
|
|
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('a', 'one'),
|
|
('a', 'two'),
|
|
('a', 'three'),
|
|
('b', 'four'),
|
|
('c', 'five'),
|
|
('c', 'six');
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The following example illustrates the behaviour of the five ranking
|
|
functions - row_number(), rank(), dense_rank(), percent_rank() and
|
|
cume_dist().
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- a | row_number | rank | dense_rank | percent_rank | cume_dist</i>
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- a | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0.5</i>
|
|
<i>-- a | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0.5</i>
|
|
<i>-- a | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0.5</i>
|
|
<i>-- b | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.66</i>
|
|
<i>-- c | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0.8 | 1.0</i>
|
|
<i>-- c | 6 | 5 | 3 | 0.8 | 1.0</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT a AS a,
|
|
row_number() OVER win AS row_number,
|
|
rank() OVER win AS rank,
|
|
dense_rank() OVER win AS dense_rank,
|
|
percent_rank() OVER win AS percent_rank,
|
|
cume_dist() OVER win AS cume_dist
|
|
FROM t2
|
|
WINDOW win AS (ORDER BY a);
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The example below uses ntile() to divide the six rows into two groups (the
|
|
ntile(2) call) and into four groups (the ntile(4) call). For ntile(2), there
|
|
are three rows assigned to each group. For ntile(4), there are two groups of
|
|
two and two groups of one. The larger groups of two appear first.
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- a | b | ntile_2 | ntile_4</i>
|
|
----------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- a | one | 1 | 1</i>
|
|
<i>-- a | two | 1 | 1</i>
|
|
<i>-- a | three | 1 | 2</i>
|
|
<i>-- b | four | 2 | 2</i>
|
|
<i>-- c | five | 2 | 3</i>
|
|
<i>-- c | six | 2 | 4</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT a AS a,
|
|
b AS b,
|
|
ntile(2) OVER win AS ntile_2,
|
|
ntile(4) OVER win AS ntile_4
|
|
FROM t2
|
|
WINDOW win AS (ORDER BY a);
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p> The next example demonstrates lag(), lead(), first_value(), last_value()
|
|
and nth_value(). The <span class='yynonterm'>frame-spec</span> is ignored by
|
|
both lag() and lead(), but respected by first_value(), last_value()
|
|
and nth_value().
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><i>-- The following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- b | lead | lag | first_value | last_value | nth_value_3</i>
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<i>-- A | C | NULL | A | A | NULL </i>
|
|
<i>-- B | D | A | A | B | NULL </i>
|
|
<i>-- C | E | B | A | C | C </i>
|
|
<i>-- D | F | C | A | D | C </i>
|
|
<i>-- E | G | D | A | E | C </i>
|
|
<i>-- F | n/a | E | A | F | C </i>
|
|
<i>-- G | n/a | F | A | G | C </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT b AS b,
|
|
lead(b, 2, 'n/a') OVER win AS lead,
|
|
lag(b) OVER win AS lag,
|
|
first_value(b) OVER win AS first_value,
|
|
last_value(b) OVER win AS last_value,
|
|
nth_value(b, 3) OVER win AS nth_value_3
|
|
FROM t1
|
|
WINDOW win AS (ORDER BY b ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="wchaining"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="window_chaining"><span>4. </span>Window Chaining</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Window chaining is a shorthand that allows one window to be defined in terms
|
|
of another. Specifically, the shorthand allows the new window to implicitly
|
|
copy the PARTITION BY and optionally ORDER BY clauses of the base window. For
|
|
example, in the following:
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT group_concat(b, '.') OVER (
|
|
win ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
|
|
)
|
|
FROM t1
|
|
WINDOW win AS (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY c)
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
the window used by the group_concat() function is equivalent
|
|
to "PARTITION BY a ORDER BY c ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
|
|
AND CURRENT ROW". In order to use window
|
|
chaining, all of the following must be true:
|
|
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li><p>The new window definition must not include a PARTITION BY clause. The
|
|
PARTITION BY clause, if there is one, must be supplied by the base
|
|
window specification.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p>If the base window has an ORDER BY clause, it is copied into the new
|
|
window. In this case the new window must not specify an ORDER BY clause.
|
|
If the base window has no ORDER BY clause, one may be specified as part
|
|
of the new window definition.
|
|
|
|
</p></li><li><p>The base window may not specify a frame specification. The frame
|
|
specification can only be given in the new window specification.
|
|
</p></li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>The two fragments of SQL below are similar, but not entirely equivalent, as
|
|
the latter will fail if the definition of window "win" contains a frame
|
|
specification.
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>SELECT group_concat(b, '.') OVER win ...
|
|
SELECT group_concat(b, '.') OVER (win) ...
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<a name="udfwinfunc"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="user_defined_aggregate_window_functions"><span>5. </span>User-Defined Aggregate Window Functions</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p> User-defined aggregate window functions may be created using the
|
|
<a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_window_function</a>() API. Implementing an aggregate window
|
|
function is very similar to an ordinary aggregate function. Any user-defined
|
|
aggregate window function may also be used as an ordinary aggregate. To
|
|
implement a user-defined aggregate window function the application must
|
|
supply four callback functions:
|
|
|
|
</p><table striped="1" style="margin:1em auto; width:80%; border-spacing:0">
|
|
<tr style="text-align:left"><th>Callback </th><th>Description
|
|
</th></tr><tr style="text-align:left;background-color:#DDDDDD"><td>xStep </td><td>
|
|
This method is required by both window aggregate and legacy aggregate
|
|
function implementations. It is invoked to add a row to the current
|
|
window. The function arguments, if any, corresponding to the row being
|
|
added are passed to the implementation of xStep.
|
|
|
|
</td></tr><tr style="text-align:left"><td>xFinal </td><td>
|
|
This method is required by both window aggregate and legacy aggregate
|
|
function implementations. It is invoked to return the current value
|
|
of the aggregate (determined by the contents of the current window),
|
|
and to free any resources allocated by earlier calls to xStep.
|
|
|
|
</td></tr><tr style="text-align:left;background-color:#DDDDDD"><td>xValue </td><td>
|
|
This method is only required for window aggregate functions. The presence
|
|
of this method is what distinguishes a window aggregate function from a
|
|
legacy aggregate function. This method is invoked to return the current
|
|
value of the aggregate. Unlike xFinal, the implementation should not
|
|
delete any context.
|
|
|
|
</td></tr><tr style="text-align:left"><td>xInverse </td><td>
|
|
This method is only required for window aggregate functions, not legacy
|
|
aggregate function implementations. It is invoked to remove the oldest
|
|
presently aggregated result of xStep from the current window.
|
|
The function arguments, if any, are those
|
|
passed to xStep for the row being removed.
|
|
</td></tr></table>
|
|
|
|
<p> The C code below implements a simple window aggregate function named
|
|
sumint(). This works in the same way as the built-in sum() function, except
|
|
that it throws an exception if passed an argument that is not an integer
|
|
value.
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre><pre>
|
|
<i>/*</i>
|
|
<i>** xStep for sumint().</i>
|
|
<i>**</i>
|
|
<i>** Add the value of the argument to the aggregate context (an integer).</i>
|
|
<i>*/</i>
|
|
static void sumintStep(
|
|
<a href="c3ref/context.html">sqlite3_context</a> *ctx,
|
|
int nArg,
|
|
<a href="c3ref/value.html">sqlite3_value</a> *apArg[]
|
|
){
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> *pInt;
|
|
|
|
assert( nArg==1 );
|
|
if( <a href="c3ref/value_blob.html">sqlite3_value_type</a>(apArg[0])!=SQLITE_INTEGER ){
|
|
<a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_error</a>(ctx, "invalid argument", -1);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
pInt = (sqlite3_int64*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a>));
|
|
if( pInt ){
|
|
*pInt += <a href="c3ref/value_blob.html">sqlite3_value_int64</a>(apArg[0]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<i>/*</i>
|
|
<i>** xInverse for sumint().</i>
|
|
<i>**</i>
|
|
<i>** This does the opposite of xStep() - subtracts the value of the argument</i>
|
|
<i>** from the current context value. The error checking can be omitted from</i>
|
|
<i>** this function, as it is only ever called after xStep() (so the aggregate</i>
|
|
<i>** context has already been allocated) and with a value that has already</i>
|
|
<i>** been passed to xStep() without error (so it must be an integer).</i>
|
|
<i>*/</i>
|
|
static void sumintInverse(
|
|
<a href="c3ref/context.html">sqlite3_context</a> *ctx,
|
|
int nArg,
|
|
<a href="c3ref/value.html">sqlite3_value</a> *apArg[]
|
|
){
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> *pInt;
|
|
assert( <a href="c3ref/value_blob.html">sqlite3_value_type</a>(apArg[0])==SQLITE_INTEGER );
|
|
pInt = (sqlite3_int64*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a>));
|
|
*pInt -= <a href="c3ref/value_blob.html">sqlite3_value_int64</a>(apArg[0]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<i>/*</i>
|
|
<i>** xFinal for sumint().</i>
|
|
<i>**</i>
|
|
<i>** Return the current value of the aggregate window function. Because</i>
|
|
<i>** this implementation does not allocate any resources beyond the buffer</i>
|
|
<i>** returned by <a href="c3ref/aggregate_context.html">sqlite3_aggregate_context</a>, which is automatically freed</i>
|
|
<i>** by the system, there are no resources to free. And so this method is</i>
|
|
<i>** identical to xValue().</i>
|
|
<i>*/</i>
|
|
static void sumintFinal(<a href="c3ref/context.html">sqlite3_context</a> *ctx){
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> res = 0;
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> *pInt;
|
|
pInt = (sqlite3_int64*)<a href="c3ref/aggregate_context.html">sqlite3_aggregate_context</a>(ctx, 0);
|
|
if( pInt ) res = *pInt;
|
|
<a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_int64</a>(ctx, res);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<i>/*</i>
|
|
<i>** xValue for sumint().</i>
|
|
<i>**</i>
|
|
<i>** Return the current value of the aggregate window function.</i>
|
|
<i>*/</i>
|
|
static void sumintValue(<a href="c3ref/context.html">sqlite3_context</a> *ctx){
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> res = 0;
|
|
<a href="c3ref/int64.html">sqlite3_int64</a> *pInt;
|
|
pInt = (sqlite3_int64*)<a href="c3ref/aggregate_context.html">sqlite3_aggregate_context</a>(ctx, 0);
|
|
if( pInt ) res = *pInt;
|
|
<a href="c3ref/result_blob.html">sqlite3_result_int64</a>(ctx, res);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<i>/*</i>
|
|
<i>** Register sumint() window aggregate with database handle db.</i>
|
|
<i>*/</i>
|
|
int register_sumint(<a href="c3ref/sqlite3.html">sqlite3</a> *db){
|
|
return <a href="c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_window_function</a>(db, "sumint", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
|
|
sumintStep, sumintFinal, sumintValue, sumintInverse, 0
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p> The following example uses the sumint() function implemented by the above
|
|
C code. For each row, the window consists of the preceding row (if any), the current row and the following row (again, if any):
|
|
|
|
</p><div class="codeblock"><pre>CREATE TABLE t3(x, y);
|
|
INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('a', 4),
|
|
('b', 5),
|
|
('c', 3),
|
|
('d', 8),
|
|
('e', 1);
|
|
|
|
<i>-- Assuming the database is populated using the above script, the </i>
|
|
<i>-- following SELECT statement returns:</i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
<i>-- x | sum_y</i>
|
|
--------------
|
|
<i>-- a | 9 </i>
|
|
<i>-- b | 12 </i>
|
|
<i>-- c | 16 </i>
|
|
<i>-- d | 12 </i>
|
|
<i>-- e | 9 </i>
|
|
<i>-- </i>
|
|
SELECT x, sumint(y) OVER (
|
|
ORDER BY x ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING
|
|
) AS sum_y
|
|
FROM t3 ORDER BY x;
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>In processing the query above, SQLite invokes the sumint callbacks as
|
|
follows:
|
|
|
|
</p><p>
|
|
</p><ol>
|
|
<li> <b>xStep(4)</b> - add "4" to the current window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xStep(5)</b> - add "5" to the current window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xValue()</b> - invoke xValue() to obtain the value of sumint() for
|
|
the row with (x='a'). The window currently consists of values 4 and 5,
|
|
and so the result is 9.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xStep(3)</b> - add "3" to the current window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xValue()</b> - invoke xValue() to obtain the value of sumint() for
|
|
the row with (x='b'). The window currently consists of values 4, 5 and
|
|
3, and so the result is 12.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xInverse(4)</b> - remove "4" from the window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xStep(8)</b> - add "8" to the current window. The window now consists
|
|
of values 5, 3 and 8.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xValue()</b> - invoked to obtain the value for the row with (x='c').
|
|
In this case, 16.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xInverse(5)</b> - remove value "5" from the window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xStep(1)</b> - add value "1" to the window.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xValue()</b> - invoked to obtain the value for row (x='d').
|
|
</li><li> <b>xInverse(3)</b> - remove value "3" from the window. The window now
|
|
contains values 8 and 1 only.
|
|
</li><li> <b>xFinal()</b> - invoked to reclaim any allocated resources and to
|
|
obtain the value for row (x='e'). 9. .
|
|
</li></ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>If the user were to abandon query execution by calling sqlite3_reset() or
|
|
sqlite3_finalize() on the statement handle before SQLite has called xFinal(),
|
|
then xFinal() is called automatically from within the sqlite3_reset() or
|
|
sqlite3_finalize() call in order to reclaim any allocated resources, even
|
|
though the value is not required. In this case any error returned by the xFinal
|
|
implementation is silently discarded.
|
|
|
|
</p><h1 id="history"><span>6. </span>History</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>Window function support was first added to SQLite with release
|
|
<a href="releaselog/3_25_0.html">version 3.25.0</a> (2018-09-15). The SQLite developers used
|
|
the <a href="http://www.postgresql.org">PostgreSQL</a> window function
|
|
documentation as their primary reference for how window functions
|
|
ought to behave. Many test cases have been run against PostgreSQL
|
|
to ensure that window functions operate the same way in both
|
|
SQLite and PostgreSQL.
|
|
|
|
</p><p>In SQLite <a href="releaselog/3_28_0.html">version 3.28.0</a> (2019-04-16),
|
|
windows function support was extended to include the EXCLUDE clause,
|
|
GROUPS frame types, window chaining, and support for
|
|
"<expr> PRECEDING" and "<expr> FOLLOWING" boundaries
|
|
in RANGE frames.
|
|
</p><p align="center"><small><i>This page last modified on <a href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/honeypot" id="mtimelink" data-href="https://sqlite.org/docsrc/finfo/pages/windowfunctions.in?m=9647771778">2023-10-24 18:19:19</a> UTC </small></i></p>
|
|
|