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173 lines
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN">
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<!Converted with LaTeX2HTML 0.6.5 (Tue Nov 15 1994) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>4.6. Type Specifiers That Abbreviate</TITLE>
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<meta name="description" value=" Type Specifiers That Abbreviate">
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<meta name="keywords" value="clm">
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<meta name="distribution" value="global">
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<P>
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<b>Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition</b>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html2127 HREF="node51.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="icons/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2125 HREF="node44.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="icons/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2119 HREF="node49.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="icons/previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2129 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="icons/contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2130 HREF="index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="icons/index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2128 HREF="node51.html"> Defining New Type </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2126 HREF="node44.html"> Type Specifiers</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2120 HREF="node49.html"> Type Specifiers That </A>
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<HR> <P>
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<H1><A NAME=SECTION00860000000000000000>4.6. Type Specifiers That Abbreviate</A></H1>
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<P>
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The following type specifiers are, for the most part,
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abbreviations for other type specifiers that would be far too
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verbose to write out explicitly (using, for example, <tt>member</tt>).
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT><tt>(integer <i>low</i> <i>high</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the integers between
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<i>low</i> and <i>high</i>. The limits <i>low</i> and <i>high</i>
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must each be an integer, a list of an integer, or unspecified.
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An integer is an inclusive limit,
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a list of an integer is an exclusive limit, and
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<tt>*</tt> means that a limit does not exist
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and so effectively denotes minus or plus infinity, respectively.
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The type <tt>fixnum</tt> is simply a name
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for <tt>(integer <i>smallest</i> <i>largest</i>)</tt> for implementation-dependent
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values of <i>smallest</i> and <i>largest</i>
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(see <tt>most-negative-fixnum</tt> and <tt>most-positive-fixnum</tt>).
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The type <tt>(integer 0 1)</tt>
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is so useful that it has the special name <tt>bit</tt>.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(mod <i>n</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the set of non-negative integers less than <i>n</i>.
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This is equivalent to <tt>(integer 0 <i>n</i>-1)</tt>
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or to <tt>(integer 0 (<i>n</i>))</tt>.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(signed-byte <i>s</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the set of integers that can be represented
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in two's-complement form in a byte of <i>s</i> bits. This is
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equivalent to
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<tt>(integer <IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="_24769_tex2html_wrap40311.gif"> <IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="_24769_tex2html_wrap40313.gif">)</tt>.
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Simply <tt>signed-byte</tt> or <tt>(signed-byte *)</tt> is the same as <tt>integer</tt>.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(unsigned-byte <i>s</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the set of non-negative integers that can be
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represented in a byte of <i>s</i> bits. This is equivalent to <tt>(mod
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<IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="_24769_tex2html_wrap40315.gif">)</tt>, that is, <tt>(integer 0 <IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="_24769_tex2html_wrap40317.gif">)</tt>.
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Simply <tt>unsigned-byte</tt> or <tt>(unsigned-byte *)</tt> is the same as
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<tt>(integer 0 *)</tt>, the set of non-negative integers.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(rational <i>low</i> <i>high</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the rationals between
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<i>low</i> and <i>high</i>. The limits <i>low</i> and <i>high</i>
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must each be a rational, a list of a rational, or unspecified.
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A rational is an inclusive limit,
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a list of a rational is an exclusive limit, and
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<tt>*</tt> means that a limit does not exist
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and so effectively denotes minus or plus infinity, respectively.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(float <i>low</i> <i>high</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the set of floating-point numbers between
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<i>low</i> and <i>high</i>. The limits <i>low</i> and <i>high</i>
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must each be a floating-point number, a list of a floating-point number,
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or unspecified; a floating-point number is an inclusive limit, a list of a
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floating-point number is an exclusive limit, and
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<tt>*</tt> means that a limit does not exist
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and so effectively denotes minus or plus infinity, respectively.
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<P>
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In a similar manner, one may use:
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<P><pre>
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(short-float <i>low</i> <i>high</i>) <BR>(single-float <i>low</i> <i>high</i>) <BR>(double-float <i>low</i> <i>high</i>) <BR>(long-float <i>low</i> <i>high</i>)
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</pre><P>
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In this case, if a limit is a floating-point
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number (or a list of one), it must be one of the appropriate format.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<img align=bottom alt="change_begin" src="gif/change_begin.gif"><br>
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X3J13 voted in March 1989 (REAL-NUMBER-TYPE) <A NAME=2555> </A> to add a list form of the <tt>real</tt>
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type specifier to denote an interval of <tt>real</tt> numbers.
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT><tt>(real <i>low</i> <i>high</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Denotes the real numbers between
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<i>low</i> and <i>high</i>. The limits <i>low</i> and <i>high</i>
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must each be a real, a list of a real, or unspecified.
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A real is an inclusive limit,
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a list of a real is an exclusive limit, and
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<tt>*</tt> means that a limit does not exist
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and so effectively denotes minus or plus infinity, respectively.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<img align=bottom alt="change_end" src="gif/change_end.gif">
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<P>
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<img align=bottom alt="old_change_begin" src="gif/old_change_begin.gif"><br>
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<DL COMPACT><DT><tt>(string <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Means the same as
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<tt>(array string-char (<i>size</i>))</tt>: the set of strings of the indicated size.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(simple-string <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Means the same
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as <tt>(simple-array string-char (<i>size</i>))</tt>: the set of simple
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strings of the indicated size.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<img align=bottom alt="old_change_end" src="gif/old_change_end.gif">
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<P>
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<img align=bottom alt="change_begin" src="gif/change_begin.gif"><br>
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X3J13 voted in March 1989 (CHARACTER-PROPOSAL) <A NAME=2577> </A>
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to eliminate the type <tt>string-char</tt> and to redefine the type
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<tt>string</tt> to be the union of one or more specialized vector
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types, the types of whose elements are subtypes of the type <tt>character</tt>.
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Similarly, the type
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<tt>simple-string</tt> is redefined to be the union of one or more specialized
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simple vector
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types, the types of whose elements are subtypes of the type <tt>character</tt>.
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT><tt>(base-string <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Means the same as
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<tt>(vector base-character <i>size</i>)</tt>: the set of base
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strings of the indicated size.
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<P>
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(simple-base-string <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Means the same
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as <tt>(simple-array base-character (<i>size</i>))</tt>: the set of simple base
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strings of the indicated size.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<img align=bottom alt="change_end" src="gif/change_end.gif">
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<P>
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<DL COMPACT><DT><tt>(bit-vector <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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Means the same as <tt>(array bit (<i>size</i>))</tt>:
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the set of bit-vectors of the indicated size.
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<P>
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<DT><tt>(simple-bit-vector <i>size</i>)</tt>
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<DD>
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This means the same as
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<tt>(simple-array bit (<i>size</i>))</tt>: the set of bit-vectors of
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the indicated size.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<BR> <HR><A NAME=tex2html2127 HREF="node51.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="icons/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2125 HREF="node44.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="icons/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2119 HREF="node49.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="icons/previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2129 HREF="node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="icons/contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html2130 HREF="index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="icons/index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2128 HREF="node51.html"> Defining New Type </A>
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<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2126 HREF="node44.html"> Type Specifiers</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html2120 HREF="node49.html"> Type Specifiers That </A>
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<HR> <P>
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<HR>
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<P><ADDRESS>
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AI.Repository@cs.cmu.edu
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</ADDRESS>
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