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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.8"/><title>9.7 Alternation</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">►</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">The Racket Guide</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="intro.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Welcome to Racket</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="to-scheme.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Racket Essentials</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="datatypes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Built-<wbr></wbr>In Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="scheme-forms.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Expressions and Definitions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="define-struct.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Programmer-<wbr></wbr>Defined Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="modules.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Modules</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="contracts.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="i_o.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Input and Output</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9 </td><td><a href="regexp.html" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Regular Expressions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">10 </td><td><a href="control.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Exceptions and Control</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">11 </td><td><a href="for.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Iterations and Comprehensions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">12 </td><td><a href="match.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pattern Matching</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">13 </td><td><a href="classes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Classes and Objects</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">14 </td><td><a href="units.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Units</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">15 </td><td><a href="reflection.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Reflection and Dynamic Evaluation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16 </td><td><a href="macros.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Macros</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">17 </td><td><a href="languages.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Creating Languages</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">18 </td><td><a href="concurrency.html" class="tocviewlink" d
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separating them by <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">|</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>. The <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">|</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> separates
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<a href="regexp-clusters.html#%28tech._subpattern%29" class="techoutside" data-pltdoc="x"><span class="techinside">subpatterns</span></a> in the nearest enclosing cluster (or in the entire
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pattern string if there are no enclosing parens).</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._regexp-match%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-match</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"f(ee|i|o|um)"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"a small, final fee"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'("fi" "i")</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._regexp-replace%252A%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-replace*</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"([yi])s(e[sdr]?|ing|ation)"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=strings.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._string-append%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">string-append</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"analyse an energising organisation"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">" pulsing with noisy organisms"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"\\1z\\2"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">"analyze an energizing organization pulsing with noisy organisms"</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>Note again that if you wish to use clustering merely to specify a list
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of alternate subpatterns but do not want the submatch, use
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<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">(?:</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> instead of <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">(</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>.</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._regexp-match%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-match</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"f(?:ee|i|o|um)"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"fun for all"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'("fo")</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>An important thing to note about alternation is that the leftmost
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matching alternate is picked regardless of its length. Thus, if one
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of the alternates is a prefix of a later alternate, the latter may not
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have a chance to match.</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._regexp-match%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-match</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"call|call-with-current-continuation"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"call-with-current-continuation"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'("call")</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>To allow the longer alternate to have a shot at matching, place it
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before the shorter one:</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._regexp-match%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-match</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"call-with-current-continuation|call"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"call-with-current-continuation"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'("call-with-current-continuation")</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><p>In any case, an overall match for the entire regexp is always
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preferred to an overall non-match. In the following, the longer
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alternate still wins, because its preferred shorter prefix fails to
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yield an overall match.</p><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=regexp.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._regexp-match%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">regexp-match</a></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#rx"(?:call|call-with-current-continuation) constrained"</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"call-with-current-continuation constrained"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'("call-with-current-continuation constrained")</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote><div class="navsetbottom"><span class="navleft"><form class="searchform"><input class="searchbox" id="searchbox" type="text" tabindex="1" placeholder="...search manuals..." title="Enter a search string to search the manuals" onkeypress="return DoSearchKey(event, this, "8.6", "../");"/></form> <a href="https://docs.racket-lang.org/index.html" title="up to the documentation top" data-pltdoc="x" onclick="return GotoPLTRoot("8.6");">top</a><span class="tocsettoggle"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="show/hide table of contents" onclick="TocsetToggle();">contents</a></span></span><span class="navright"> <a href="regexp-clusters.html" title="backward to "9.6 Clusters"" data-pltdoc="x">← prev</a> <a href="regexp.html" title="up to "9 Regular Expressions"" data-pltdoc="x">up</a> <a href="Backtracking.html" title="forward to "9.8 Backtracking"" data-pltdoc="x">next →</a></span> </div></div></div><div id="contextindicator"> </div></body></html>
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