1252 lines
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1252 lines
52 KiB
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<html lang='en'><head><meta charset='utf-8' /><meta name='pinterest' content='nopin' /><link href='../../../../static/css/style.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><link href='../../../../static/css/print.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media='print' /><title>A Modern Space Cadet / Steve Losh</title></head><body><header><a id='logo' href='https://stevelosh.com/'>Steve Losh</a><nav><a href='../../../index.html'>Blog</a> - <a href='https://stevelosh.com/projects/'>Projects</a> - <a href='https://stevelosh.com/photography/'>Photography</a> - <a href='https://stevelosh.com/links/'>Links</a> - <a href='https://stevelosh.com/rss.xml'>Feed</a></nav></header><hr class='main-separator' /><main id='page-blog-entry'><article><h1><a href='index.html'>A Modern Space Cadet</a></h1><p class='date'>Posted on October 3rd, 2012.</p><p>I spend a lot of my time (easily over 8 hours a day) at a keyboard. As you
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might have guessed from my previous entries about <a href="https://stevelosh.com/blog/2010/09/coming-home-to-vim/">Vim</a> and <a href="../the-homely-mutt/index.html">Mutt</a> I'm not
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averse to spending a few hours to improve an environment I'm going to be
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spending tens of thousands of hours in over the next few years, so it shouldn't
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be a shock that my keyboard is something I've heavily tweaked.</p>
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<p>This post is about what I've done to make my typing experience more pleasant and
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efficient.</p>
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<p>If you scoff at customization you won't enjoy this post. What if I have to use
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someone else's machine? I can count on one hand the number of times I've had to
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use someone else's machine ever since I got an iPhone five years ago. I <em>like</em>
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customizing my machine to save me time. Yes, there may be some excessive stuff
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here, but not only does it make me type faster, it's <em>fun</em>!</p>
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<ol class="table-of-contents"><li><a href="index.html#s1-the-original">The Original</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s2-modern-hardware">Modern Hardware</a><ol><li><a href="index.html#s3-apple-wireless-keyboard">Apple Wireless Keyboard</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s4-das-silent-ultimate">Das Silent Ultimate</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s5-das-clicky-ultimate">Das Clicky Ultimate</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s6-happy-hacking-keyboard-professional-2">Happy Hacking Keyboard Professional 2</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s7-topre-realforce-103">Topre Realforce 103</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s8-verdict">Verdict</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="index.html#s9-modern-software">Modern Software</a><ol><li><a href="index.html#s10-keyboard-maestro">Keyboard Maestro</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s11-pckeyboardhack">PCKeyboardHack</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s12-keyremap4macbook">KeyRemap4MacBook</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="index.html#s13-control-escape">Control/Escape</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s14-hyper">Hyper</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s15-better-shifting">Better Shifting</a><ol><li><a href="index.html#s16-shift-key-training-wheels">Shift Key Training Wheels</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s17-shift-parentheses">Shift Parentheses</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="index.html#s18-key-layers">Key Layers</a><ol><li><a href="index.html#s19-greek">Greek</a></li><li><a href="index.html#s20-math">Math</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="index.html#s21-conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ol>
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<h2 id="s1-the-original"><a href="index.html#s1-the-original">The Original</a></h2>
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<p>There have been many, many keyboards produced in the world since the first ones
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emerged. One of the most famous, at least in programming circles, is the <a href="http://world.std.com/~jdostale/kbd/SpaceCadet.html">Space
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Cadet Keyboard</a>.</p>
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<p>Originally used on Lisp machines and some other systems, it's not a keyboard for
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the minimalist. There are four "bucky keys" (modifier keys): control, meta,
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super, and hyper (plus shift, of course). There are also special keys that let
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you type Greek letters and mathematical symbols.</p>
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<p>The Space Cadet is an example of a keyboard for someone not afraid to invest
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some time to work faster.</p>
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<p>It's also absolutely gorgeous. The color scheme and typography is beautiful.</p>
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<p>This is the keyboard I used (loosely) as inspiration when crafting my current
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setup.</p>
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<h2 id="s2-modern-hardware"><a href="index.html#s2-modern-hardware">Modern Hardware</a></h2>
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<p>I've tried a number of modern keyboards in the past few years. They're all
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high-quality and more expensive than the $20 plastic toys that come with
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desktops. But I spend 60 or more hours a week at a keyboard and maybe one hour
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a week in my car, so I'm getting pretty good use out of the dollars I've put
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into keyboards if you compare them to the cost of my car!</p>
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<p>I'll go through the keyboards I've used in chronological order. I'm not going
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to write too much about the basics of mechanical keyboards and switches. If you
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want to learn about that, <a href="http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2010/10/the-keyboard-cult.html">this post</a> and <a href="http://www.overclock.net/t/491752/mechanical-keyboard-guide">this guide</a> are good places
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to start.</p>
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<h3 id="s3-apple-wireless-keyboard"><a href="index.html#s3-apple-wireless-keyboard">Apple Wireless Keyboard</a></h3>
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<p>For a long time I used <a href="http://www.apple.com/keyboard/">Apple wireless keyboards</a>.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-apple.jpg" alt="Apple Wireless Keyboard"></p>
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<p>They're light and compact, but still feel extremely solid thanks to their metal
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construction.</p>
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<p>They also stay really clean because there gaps between keys are tiny, instead of
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the funnel-shaped gaps of other keyboard that send dirt straight to the bottom. </p>
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<p>They're readily available at any Apple store, and of course they're wireless
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which is great.</p>
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<p>They also feel exactly like the keyboards on Apple's laptops, so your muscle
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memory is perfectly suited to either one if you switch between them often.</p>
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<p>Unfortunately typing on them is nowhere near as nice as the rest of the
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keyboards in this list. Apple keyboards have (I think) only 2mm of travel, but
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you have to bottom-out the keys to register the keypresses.</p>
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<h3 id="s4-das-silent-ultimate"><a href="index.html#s4-das-silent-ultimate">Das Silent Ultimate</a></h3>
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<p>The first mechanical keyboard I got was the <a href="http://www.daskeyboard.com/model-s-ultimate-silent/">Das Silent Ultimate</a>.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-das.jpg" alt="Das Silent Keyboard"></p>
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<p>(This photo is actually my Das Clicky since I don't have the Silent any more,
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but they're exactly the same externally.)</p>
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<p>Compared to the Apple keyboards the switches on the Das Silent (Cherry Brown
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switches) feel far softer. You're not smashing your fingers against metal on
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every keypress.</p>
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<p>Overall the Das Silent isn't too bad. It's built like a tank so I have no doubt
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it'd last forever. It also has the option of blank keys, which I prefer.</p>
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<p>I didn't stick with this keyboard for long. First, its glossy finish looks good
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when it's in the box and terrible forever after that. It's way too easy to get
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dirty.</p>
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<p>Something also just feels "off" about the key switches to me, especially after
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I've tried the other boards in this list. They feel, for lack of a better term,
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"mushy" to me.</p>
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<h3 id="s5-das-clicky-ultimate"><a href="index.html#s5-das-clicky-ultimate">Das Clicky Ultimate</a></h3>
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<p>The next keyboard I tried was the <a href="http://www.daskeyboard.com/model-s-ultimate/">Das Clicky Ultimate</a>.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-das.jpg" alt="Das Clicky Keyboard"></p>
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<p>This is exactly the same as the Das Silent except for the switches, which are
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the "clicky" Cherry Blues. These feel <em>way</em> better to me than the browns. The
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mushiness I described for the Silent is completely gone.</p>
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<p>They are not kidding when they say it is loud. If you're typing a lot expect to
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have a constant background noise of clicks. But to me the sound is soothing,
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especially once you get into a rhythm of typing for extended periods. Your
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coworkers might disagree, so tread carefully.</p>
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<p>The Das Clicky still has that godawful glossy finish, unfortunately. After
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a while I decided to try out what I had heard people raving about: Topre
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switches.</p>
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<h3 id="s6-happy-hacking-keyboard-professional-2"><a href="index.html#s6-happy-hacking-keyboard-professional-2">Happy Hacking Keyboard Professional 2</a></h3>
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<p>The <a href="http://elitekeyboards.com/products.php?sub=pfu_keyboards,hhkbpro2&pid=pdkb400bn">Happy Hacking Keyboard</a> was my next keyboard. It's much more
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expensive than the Dases were, so it was a tough call, but I'm glad I got it.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-hhkb.jpg" alt="Happy Hacking Keyboard"></p>
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<p>The HHKB uses Topre key switches, which to me feel like Cherry Browns done
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right. There's no "click" like the Blues, but instead of the mush of the
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Browns you get a satisfying "thunk" or "sshhhunk" on each press. It's a great
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balance: you have a nice satisfying sound that's less annoying for other people.</p>
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<p>The finish on this keyboard is perfect. It is the most unassuming, elegant,
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wonderful matte finish I've seen on any keyboard. The plastic is just textured
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enough to feel solid under your fingers (not slippery like Macbook keys) but not
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enough to feel like you're typing on sandpaper.</p>
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<p>If you're short on space, or want to carry your keyboard with you, the HHKB is
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for you. It's <em>tiny</em>, but still feels solid and not flimsy at all.</p>
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<p>I have two main complaints about the HHKB. First, there's two spaces on the
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bottom row where they could have put a modifier key but didn't. The space on
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the right has the logo, which is fair enough, but the one on the left is simply
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blank for no good reason.</p>
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<p>My other complaint is the idiotic default placement of the <code>fn</code> key and the
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arrow keys. I don't mind having to use <code>fn</code> to get to the arrows as
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a concession to a compact design, but why on earth would you place them so that
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you have to chord on a <em>single hand</em> to hit them?</p>
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<p>This problem would be completely solved if the <code>fn</code> key were moved from its
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current position (right of the right shift key) down to the empty lower-left
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corner. Then you could use your left hand to hold <code>fn</code> while your right worked
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the arrow keys, no single-hand contortion required.</p>
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<p>So after a while with the HHKB I got sick of the arrow key problem. I loved the
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Topre switches though, so the next choice was pretty obvious.</p>
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<h3 id="s7-topre-realforce-103"><a href="index.html#s7-topre-realforce-103">Topre Realforce 103</a></h3>
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<p>The Topre Realforce 103UB was my next keyboard, and is the one I'm
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still using to this day.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-realforce.jpg" alt="Topre Realforce Keyboard"></p>
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<p>I believe the model I bought is now discontinued, but it's been replaced by the
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<a href="http://elitekeyboards.com/products.php?sub=topre_keyboards,rf104&pid=xf11t0">104UB</a> which is exactly the same except for an extra key on the right
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side. If I could swap my current keyboard for one of those I would. In fact,
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if anyone wants to buy my used 103UB for a bit of a discount I'd be totally
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willing to sell it to get the 104UB.</p>
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<p>Anyway, this keyboard has a few disadvantages. First, unlike every other
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keyboard here (except the wireless Apple ones) <em>it is not a USB hub</em>. This
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isn't a huge deal (I have external USB hubs), but it did come as a big surprise.</p>
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<p>Second, it's big. Really big. If you don't have <em>plenty</em> of room on your desk
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you might want to look at the <a href="http://elitekeyboards.com/products.php?sub=topre_keyboards,rftenkeyless">tenkeyless</a> varieties which
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ditch the number pad section to save space. I have room and I love having
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a number pad, so I got the behemoth-sized model.</p>
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<p>Also for some reason I can't fathom there's no way to get blank, black keycaps
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for this keyboard. You can get blank Topre keycaps in lime green, pink, yellow,
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and lots of other colors, but not a simple black!</p>
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<p>Now for the good parts. This thing is built like a tank. If you needed to
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defend your home from an intruder, it would make an acceptable blunt weapon with
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which to do so (and you'd probably be able to plug it right back in and start
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typing again).</p>
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<p>The finish is the same as on the HHKB (gorgeous), but I have to take a point off
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for the non-blank keycaps. I don't need to look at the keys while I type, so
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why marr the luxurious finish with lettering?</p>
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<p>The Realforce also uses Topre switches, but it has another trick up its sleeve
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that makes typing on it even nicer than the HHKB. The version I have is the
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"variable-weighted" one, which means that the keys under your weaker fingers
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take less force to press than the ones under your stronger fingers. This is
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fantastic for long sessions of typing. Instead of my pinkies getting tired my
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fingers seem to all tire out at the same rate now. Topre does make a "uniform"
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version that doesn't have this trick, but I really like variable weight keys
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myself.</p>
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<h3 id="s8-verdict"><a href="index.html#s8-verdict">Verdict</a></h3>
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<p>Right now I'm using the Topre Realforce for my day to day work. I've fallen in
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love with how the Topre switches feel (I prefer them over all the others except
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<em>maybe</em> the Cherry Blues for the sound) and the Happy Hacking Keyboard is just
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too cramped. If I were short on space the HHKB would be great, but I have
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plenty of room on my desk, so why not make use of it?</p>
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<p>Here's a photo of all the keyboards (along with a 13" Macbook Air) so you can
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see the differences in size.</p>
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<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-size.jpg" alt="Keyboard Size Comparison"></p>
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<h2 id="s9-modern-software"><a href="index.html#s9-modern-software">Modern Software</a></h2>
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<p>Now that I've talked about the hardware it's time for the software. I use OS
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X exclusively, so everything I say here is OS X specific. I'm sure there are
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Windows and Linux equivalents somewhere though.</p>
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<p>I use three software programs that, together, give me just about unlimited
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flexibility in customizing how my keyboard works in OS X.</p>
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<h3 id="s10-keyboard-maestro"><a href="index.html#s10-keyboard-maestro">Keyboard Maestro</a></h3>
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<p><a href="http://www.keyboardmaestro.com/main/">Keyboard Maestro</a> is a utility for binding macros to keyboard shortcuts in OS
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X. It may not have the best user interface, but it can do a <em>lot</em>, and once you
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set up your shortcuts you never have to look at it again. It's $36.</p>
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<p>Right now I use it for application switching, with a few twists I'll cover later
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on.</p>
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<p>I switched to <a href="http://keymando.com/">Keymando</a> for a while. It was great being able to configure it
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in a programming language with a plain text file I could easily work with in
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version control, but compared to Keyboard Maestro it's far slower and far
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buggier. I'm now back to only using Keyboard Maestro.</p>
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<h3 id="s11-pckeyboardhack"><a href="index.html#s11-pckeyboardhack">PCKeyboardHack</a></h3>
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<p><a href="http://pqrs.org/macosx/keyremap4macbook/pckeyboardhack.html.en">PCKeyboardHack</a> lets you map one key on your keyboard to another at a very
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low level. For example, you can change just the right Option key to send <code>F19</code>
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instead. I use this for one single key which you'll see in the next section.
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It's free and <a href="https://github.com/tekezo/PCKeyboardHack">open source</a>.</p>
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<h3 id="s12-keyremap4macbook"><a href="index.html#s12-keyremap4macbook">KeyRemap4MacBook</a></h3>
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<p><a href="http://pqrs.org/macosx/keyremap4macbook/index.html.en">KeyRemap4MacBook</a> is how I do the bulk of my keyboard customizations. Like
|
|||
|
|
all of the other applications its user interface is horrible, but it can do damn
|
|||
|
|
near <em>anything</em> you might want. You could probably replace Keyboard Maestro
|
|||
|
|
with it, at least for the kind of stuff I do. It's also free and <a href="https://github.com/tekezo/KeyRemap4MacBook">open
|
|||
|
|
source</a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The bulk of what I describe in this post is going to use KeyRemap4MacBook. I'm
|
|||
|
|
not going to give you a tutorial in it here — read its documentation if you
|
|||
|
|
want to learn how to use the things I'm going to show.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="s13-control-escape"><a href="index.html#s13-control-escape">Control/Escape</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>These first few mappings aren't directly from the Space Cadet keyboard, but they
|
|||
|
|
were inspired by its spirit of making an efficient tool for text editing.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Capslock key on modern keyboard has become the punchline of many a joke, and
|
|||
|
|
for good reason: there's no reason to dedicate such an important key to
|
|||
|
|
a function like capslock. Many people rebind it to a more useful key like
|
|||
|
|
Control, Option, Escape, or Backspace. I rebound it to Control for a while and
|
|||
|
|
then realized that with KeyRemap4MacBook I could get even more mileage out of
|
|||
|
|
it.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The important thing I thought of one day is that it's possible to divide keys on
|
|||
|
|
the keyboard into three groups:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Keys you hold down to change how <em>other</em> keys behave, but that (usually) don't
|
|||
|
|
do anything if you use them on their own (like Shift and Control).</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Keys that you press and release but don't want to "repeat" as you hold them
|
|||
|
|
(like Escape or Insert).</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Keys that you sometimes press and release, but sometimes want to repeat (like
|
|||
|
|
holding Space to insert a bunch of spaces, or Backspace to kill a bunch of
|
|||
|
|
characters).</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Can you see where this is heading? The last group is pretty normal, but the
|
|||
|
|
first two groups are special. Specifically: there are two different ways to use
|
|||
|
|
them and they're each only useful in one of those ways.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This means that we can <em>combine</em> them onto a single key without losing any
|
|||
|
|
useful functionality!</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I'm clearly not the first one to think of this, because KR4MB includes built-in
|
|||
|
|
support for creating these kinds of mappings.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>First I've mapped Capslock to Control at the OS X level by going into the
|
|||
|
|
Keyboard preference pane in System Preferences, clicking the Modifier Keys
|
|||
|
|
button in the lower right, selecting the keyboard in the dropdown list (this is
|
|||
|
|
surprisingly easy to miss), and changing the Capslock setting:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-caps.png" alt="Changing Capslock to Control in OS X"></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Then I've selected the following premade option in KeyRemap4MacBook:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Control_L to Control_L<br>
|
|||
|
|
(+ when you type Control_L only, send Escape)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Now the Capslock key on the keyboard does the following:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>If held down and pressed with another key, it acts like Control.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>If pressed and released on its own, it acts like Escape.</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>That's two extremely important keys (at least for Vim users) on a single key in
|
|||
|
|
one of the prime locations on the keyboard! No more awkward stretches!</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you try this and want to force yourself to learn to use it, disable the
|
|||
|
|
normal escape key. You'll learn fast.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Update:</strong> I forgot to mention that if you use this (and the Shift
|
|||
|
|
improvements below) you'll probably want to change the "[Key Overlaid
|
|||
|
|
Modifier] Timeout" setting in the KR4MB preferences:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-key-overlaid.png" alt="Key Overlaid Timeout"></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This setting controls the maximum length of a keypress that will register as
|
|||
|
|
"single press". It's easier to understand with an example. The default is
|
|||
|
|
1000ms, which means that if you press and hold the Capslock key for 900ms and
|
|||
|
|
release it, it will count as Escape. If you hold it for 1001ms before
|
|||
|
|
releasing, it counts as pressing and releasing Control instead.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you're finding that you're sometimes holding Control out of habit and then
|
|||
|
|
releasing it, but it's still firing as an Escape, you may want to turn this
|
|||
|
|
setting down to a lower value. I have mine set to 300ms.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This is a lot more noticeable with the Shift mappings I'll describe shortly, so
|
|||
|
|
keep it in the back of your mind if you try those out.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="s14-hyper"><a href="index.html#s14-hyper">Hyper</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Modern OS X supports four "modifier" keys: Control, Option, Command, and Shift.
|
|||
|
|
The Space Cadet keyboard had five: Control, Meta, Super, Hyper, and Shift.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Shift and Control map to each other, and OS X's Option key is pretty much the
|
|||
|
|
same as Meta (in fact I think Emacs users usually use Alt as Meta).
|
|||
|
|
I arbitrarily decided that Command was the OS X equivalent of Super. That left
|
|||
|
|
Hyper.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Since OS X doesn't natively support a fifth modifier key I had to come up with
|
|||
|
|
a way to fake it.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>First, I realized that because I use Capslock for Control I had no use for the
|
|||
|
|
<em>real</em> left Control key. So the first step was to remap that to something else
|
|||
|
|
distinct from the Capslock-version of Control.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This required PCKeyboardHack. I don't think there's a way to do it in
|
|||
|
|
KeyRemap4MacBook, because by the time KR4MB sees the keypress it can't tell if
|
|||
|
|
it came from the Capslock key or the real Control key (due to how they were
|
|||
|
|
changed in the previous section). PCKeyboardHack, however, <em>can</em>, so I remapped
|
|||
|
|
left Control to keycode <code>80</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-pck.png" alt="Remapping Left Control in PCKeyboardHack"></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Keycode <code>80</code> is the <code>F19</code> key. My keyboard doesn't have an <code>F19</code> key so it
|
|||
|
|
doesn't conflict with anything. Now I can simply remap <code>F19</code> in KR4MB just like
|
|||
|
|
any other key.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>To create a "pseudo-Hyper" modifier, I remapped this key to be the equivalent of
|
|||
|
|
holding down <em>all four other modifiers</em> by adding the following to my
|
|||
|
|
<code>private.xml</code> KR4MB configuration file:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code><item>
|
|||
|
|
<name>Remap Left Control to Hyper</name>
|
|||
|
|
<appendix>OS X doesn't have a Hyper. This maps Left Control to Control + Shift + Option + Command.</appendix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<identifier>space_cadet.left_control_to_hyper</identifier>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::F19,
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::COMMAND_L,
|
|||
|
|
ModifierFlag::OPTION_L | ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L | ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L
|
|||
|
|
</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
</item></code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>As far as I can tell, no keyboard shortcuts in OS X or any apps use all four
|
|||
|
|
modifier keys (how would you normally press them all, anyway?). But many
|
|||
|
|
programs, like Keyboard Maestro, let you define your own shortcuts. So now I've
|
|||
|
|
got an entire key as a "namespace" all to myself for my own shortcuts!</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This is really nice. I don't have to worry about "shadowing" existing shortcuts
|
|||
|
|
anywhere and it's only a single modifier to press.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Currently I use this "namespace" for application switching. Instead of using
|
|||
|
|
the normal <code>Command-Tab</code> switcher, I have shortcuts for each individual app
|
|||
|
|
I use frequently. For example, <code>Hyper-k</code> switches to Firefox, <code>Hyper-y</code>
|
|||
|
|
switches to Twitter, and so on. This is better than <code>Command-Tab</code>ing because
|
|||
|
|
I don't have to worry about how many times I need to press it. <code>Hyper-k</code>
|
|||
|
|
<em>always</em> goes to Firefox no matter what, so I can easily burn that into my
|
|||
|
|
muscle memory.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>There's one more little trick I use in Keyboard Maestro. It's specific to how
|
|||
|
|
I work, but I'm sure some of you will still find it handy.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I pretty much always keep two iTerm 2 windows open. The first contains
|
|||
|
|
a <a href="http://tmux.sourceforge.net/">tmux</a> session with one window split into two panes. One pane holds
|
|||
|
|
<a href="http://www.weechat.org/">weechat</a> for IRC, the other holds <a href="http://www.mutt.org/">Mutt</a> for email.
|
|||
|
|
I keep this on my laptop screen at all times while I do other things on my
|
|||
|
|
external monitor.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The second iTerm window is almost always fullscreened, and contains a tmux
|
|||
|
|
session with whatever I'm working on. The number of windows and panes varies
|
|||
|
|
wildly.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>What I wanted was a way to bind <code>Hyper-i</code> and <code>Hyper-m</code> to directly focus my IRC
|
|||
|
|
and mail panes, and <code>Hyper-j</code> to directly focus the second, "general-purpose"
|
|||
|
|
iTerm window.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The solution came in two parts. First I configured tmux so that <code>prefix N</code>
|
|||
|
|
would select the nth pane in the current window by adding the following to
|
|||
|
|
<code>~/.tmux.conf</code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>bind 1 select-pane -t 1
|
|||
|
|
bind 2 select-pane -t 2
|
|||
|
|
bind 3 select-pane -t 3
|
|||
|
|
bind 4 select-pane -t 4
|
|||
|
|
bind 5 select-pane -t 5
|
|||
|
|
bind 6 select-pane -t 6
|
|||
|
|
bind 7 select-pane -t 7
|
|||
|
|
bind 8 select-pane -t 8
|
|||
|
|
bind 9 select-pane -t 9</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>My tmux prefix is <code>Control-f</code>, so now pressing <code>Control-f 1</code> will go to pane 1,
|
|||
|
|
and so on. Then I configured Keyboard Maestro like so:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-irc.png" alt="Keyboard Maestro IRC Config"></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This binds <code>Control-Shift-Option-Command-i</code> (which is just <code>Hyper-i</code>) to do the
|
|||
|
|
following:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Focus iTerm 2.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Send a <code>Command-Option-1</code> keystroke, which will focus the first iTerm
|
|||
|
|
2 window (I simply make sure I always open my mail/irc window first).</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Send the <code>Control-f</code> keystroke.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Send the <code>1</code> keystroke, which together with the previous one tells tmux to
|
|||
|
|
switch to pane 1.</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The mail shortcut is similar, of course, and the general-purpose terminal one is
|
|||
|
|
even simpler.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>So now I've got a free modifier key that won't conflict with anything, and I've
|
|||
|
|
got some very easy-to-type shortcuts I can burn into my fingers for switching
|
|||
|
|
applications quickly. Awesome.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="s15-better-shifting"><a href="index.html#s15-better-shifting">Better Shifting</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Shift keys are another of those keys that are only useful with other keys,
|
|||
|
|
so it's only natural that they were also on the list of keys to optimize.
|
|||
|
|
First, however, I took a detour to correct a bad habit of mine.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="s16-shift-key-training-wheels"><a href="index.html#s16-shift-key-training-wheels">Shift Key Training Wheels</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I've been typing for most of my life, but I never really learned to do it
|
|||
|
|
correctly. I can touch type, of course, but sometimes I use the wrong fingers
|
|||
|
|
for certain keys.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>My most egregious offense was that I always used the left Shift key. Even when
|
|||
|
|
typing <code>X</code> I'd hold the left Shift key with my left pinky and hit the <code>x</code> with
|
|||
|
|
my left index finger, which pulled my hand off the home row and generally felt
|
|||
|
|
awkward.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>One day I decided I was tired of doing this the wrong way and resolved to fix
|
|||
|
|
myself. The easiest way to break a bad habit is to make it harder or impossible
|
|||
|
|
to do, so I created a custom KeyRemap4MacBook setting that <em>disables</em> the
|
|||
|
|
keypress when you use the incorrect Shift key with a letter. Here it is in
|
|||
|
|
full:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code><item>
|
|||
|
|
<name>Use the correct shift keys.</name>
|
|||
|
|
<identifier>private.correct_shift_keys</identifier>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::Q, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::W, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::E, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::R, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::T, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::A, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::S, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::D, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::F, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::G, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::Z, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::X, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::C, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::V, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::Y, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::U, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::I, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::O, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::P, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::H, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::J, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::K, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::L, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::SEMICOLON, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::N, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::M, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::COMMA, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::DOT, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::QUOTE, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::VK_NONE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
</item></code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>It took me about four hours of normal computer use to unlearn over two decades
|
|||
|
|
of wrong typing. It's amazing how fast muscle memory can adjust when you simply
|
|||
|
|
<em>force</em> it to.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Once I fixed myself I disabled this setting, because it also makes you to use
|
|||
|
|
the "correct" Shift key when doing keyboard shortcuts, and sometimes those are
|
|||
|
|
easer to do with the "wrong" Shift.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you only use one Shift key I'd really encourage you to try this. It spreads
|
|||
|
|
out the wear over both pinkies and feels much better. Your hands will thank
|
|||
|
|
you.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="s17-shift-parentheses"><a href="index.html#s17-shift-parentheses">Shift Parentheses</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Now that I was using the right Shift keys, it was time to revisit mapping
|
|||
|
|
something else onto them. One pair of keys stood out as a perfect candidate: the
|
|||
|
|
left and right parentheses.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Parentheses are common in most of the programming languages in use today (some
|
|||
|
|
more than others). If you counted I bet you'd find them more common than square
|
|||
|
|
or curly brackets in the majority of your code, and yet they're shoved away in
|
|||
|
|
the horrible homes of <code>Shift-9</code> and <code>Shift-0</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I decided to try out remapping my Shift keys to work like so:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>When held while pressing other keys, act like Shift.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>When pressed and released on their own, type an opening or closing parenthesis
|
|||
|
|
(left and right shift respectively).</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This means I can type parentheses with a single, unchorded keypress. After
|
|||
|
|
using it for a while I absolutely love it. Here's the KeyRemap4MacBook setting
|
|||
|
|
for it:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code><item>
|
|||
|
|
<name>Shifts to Parentheses</name>
|
|||
|
|
<appendix>Shifts, when pressed alone, type parentheses. When used with other keys they're normal shifts.</appendix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<identifier>private.shifts_to_parens</identifier>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- This is the basic mapping. -->
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyOverlaidModifier-- KeyCode::SHIFT_R, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R | ModifierFlag::NONE, KeyCode::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::KEY_0, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyOverlaidModifier-- KeyCode::SHIFT_L, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L | ModifierFlag::NONE, KeyCode::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::KEY_9, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!--
|
|||
|
|
Remap the "rolls" of () and )( because it's too easy to hit one
|
|||
|
|
before finishing the other, and there's no other reason to be
|
|||
|
|
pressing both shift keys at once anyway
|
|||
|
|
-->
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::SHIFT_L, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::KEY_0, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::KEY_9, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::SHIFT_R, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::KEY_9, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::KEY_0, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!--
|
|||
|
|
Remap Rshift+Space to ') ', because when typing an end paren and
|
|||
|
|
then a space I tend to hit space before I let go of rshift.
|
|||
|
|
-->
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::SPACE, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_R, KeyCode::KEY_0, ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L, KeyCode::SPACE</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
</item></code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>As you can see there's actually a bit more to the mapping, because I was finding
|
|||
|
|
some minor usability glitches in the bare setting.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Occasionally I'll accidentally type a parenthesis when meaning to do something
|
|||
|
|
else, but it happens so infrequently and the benefits are so great that I'd
|
|||
|
|
absolutely recommend this to anyone who programs a lot.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="s18-key-layers"><a href="index.html#s18-key-layers">Key Layers</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Now we're getting to things that are directly inspired by the Space Cadet
|
|||
|
|
keyboard. If you don't type a lot of mathematical characters you may not want
|
|||
|
|
to bother with these, but since I've been taking the <a href="https://www.coursera.org/course/maththink">Introduction to
|
|||
|
|
Mathematical Thinking</a> class on Coursera these bindings have made it
|
|||
|
|
very pleasant to type out my homework.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="s19-greek"><a href="index.html#s19-greek">Greek</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Space Cadet had a separate key for typing Greek letters, and I've decided to
|
|||
|
|
do the same. I don't know <em>exactly</em> how that modifier key worked, but here's
|
|||
|
|
how my version works:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Press and release the "Greek" key to go into "Greek mode" for one character.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Type the appropriate Latin letter to get the Greek character for that key
|
|||
|
|
(capital letters and lowercase are distinct).</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>For example, typing <code>Greek</code>, then <code>w</code> results in ω (omega), while <code>Greek</code>, then
|
|||
|
|
<code>W</code> results in Ω (capital omega).</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you want to actually type out full Greek words, this isn't ideal because you
|
|||
|
|
have to press the <code>Greek</code> key between every letter. But for my purposes
|
|||
|
|
(variables in math) it's perfect.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>There are two parts to implementing this in KeyRemap4MacBook. First I needed to
|
|||
|
|
pick a <code>Greek</code> key. I never use the Command, Option, and Control keys to the
|
|||
|
|
right of Space (another bad habit I should probably fix one day), so I chose the
|
|||
|
|
right Option key for this.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you <em>do</em> use the modifiers on the right you might prefer to pick a different
|
|||
|
|
key for this, like <code>Insert</code> or <code>Print Screen</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Also, since I'm using the Realforce which is a PC keyboard, that key is actually
|
|||
|
|
called the <code>PC Application</code> key. I'm sure you can figure out how to adjust the
|
|||
|
|
mapping if necessary.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Here's the first part of the mapping, which binds the <code>Greek</code> key:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code><item>
|
|||
|
|
<name>Greek Layer</name>
|
|||
|
|
<appendix>Right PC Application key activates the Greek key layer.</appendix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<identifier>space_cadet.greek_layer</identifier>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::PC_APPLICATION,
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::VK_STICKY_EXTRA4
|
|||
|
|
</autogen></code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I use the virtual modifier key <code>EXTRA4</code>. This key is only intelligible inside
|
|||
|
|
of KR4MB, but that's not a problem since I do all of the rest of the Greek
|
|||
|
|
mapping inside there too.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I wrote a little <a href="https://github.com/sjl/dotfiles/blob/master/keyremap4macbook/cadet.py">Python script</a> to generate the rest of the mapping
|
|||
|
|
for me. Here's the Greek layer mapping in its entirety:
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://gist.github.com/3824106">https://gist.github.com/3824106</a></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>What are all those <code>Option</code> modifiers doing in there? Well there's one more
|
|||
|
|
step to making this work. In order to use this mapping you need to switch your
|
|||
|
|
keyboard layout in OS X to the "Unicode Hex Input" layout under System
|
|||
|
|
Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><img src="../../../../static/images/blog/2012/10/kb-hex.png" alt="Switching to Unicode Hex Input"></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>As far as I can tell this is exactly like QWERTY except that it also allows you
|
|||
|
|
to type in Unicode characters directly by holding <code>Option</code> and typing in their
|
|||
|
|
Unicode code point's hex value. That's how the mapping inserts the Unicode
|
|||
|
|
characters for the Greek letters.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you want to do this with another keyboard layout I'm not sure how you could
|
|||
|
|
do it. If you find a way let me know and I'll post it here.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>However, there's a problem. The Unicode Hex Input keyboard layout disables OS
|
|||
|
|
X's <code>Option-Left</code> and <code>Option-Right</code> keyboard shortcuts for some reason I don't
|
|||
|
|
even want to try to guess. Luckily they can be restored with another mapping:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code><item>
|
|||
|
|
<name>Restore [Shift-]Opt-(Left/Right)</name>
|
|||
|
|
<appendix>The Unicode Hex Input keyboard layout disables these keys for some reason.</appendix>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<identifier>space_cadet.fix_opt_arrows</identifier>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::CURSOR_LEFT, VK_OPTION | VK_SHIFT,
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::B,
|
|||
|
|
ModifierFlag::OPTION_L | ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L | ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L
|
|||
|
|
</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::CURSOR_LEFT, VK_OPTION,
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::B,
|
|||
|
|
ModifierFlag::OPTION_L | ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L
|
|||
|
|
</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::CURSOR_RIGHT, VK_OPTION | VK_SHIFT,
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::F,
|
|||
|
|
ModifierFlag::OPTION_L | ModifierFlag::SHIFT_L | ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L
|
|||
|
|
</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
<autogen>
|
|||
|
|
--KeyToKey--
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::CURSOR_RIGHT, VK_OPTION,
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
KeyCode::F,
|
|||
|
|
ModifierFlag::OPTION_L | ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L
|
|||
|
|
</autogen>
|
|||
|
|
</item></code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p><code>Option-Delete</code> is also broken by Unicode Hex Input. I haven't figured out how
|
|||
|
|
to fix this, but I don't really care about it because I have the following in my
|
|||
|
|
<code>~/Library/KeyBindings/DefaultKeyBinding.dict</code> file which lets me use
|
|||
|
|
<code>Control-w</code> just like at the command line:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>{
|
|||
|
|
"^w"="deleteWordBackward:";
|
|||
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Welcome to the fiddly rabbit hole of keybinding customization!</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Greek layer in my mapping pretty much matches the original Space Cadet
|
|||
|
|
mapping as far as I can tell. Here's a table of the keys and their Greek
|
|||
|
|
counterparts:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<table>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Key</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Alone</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Shifted</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Notes</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>a</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>α</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Α</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Alpha</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>b</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>β</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Β</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Beta</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>c</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>χ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Χ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Chi</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>d</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>δ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Δ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Delta</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>e</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ε</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ε</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Epsilon</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>f</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>φ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Φ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Phi (p was taken and the ph sounds like an f)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>g</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>γ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Γ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Gamma</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>h</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>η</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Η</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Eta</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>i</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ι</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ι</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Iota</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>j</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ϑ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Θ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Theta (with one of the lowercase variants)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>k</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>κ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Κ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Kappa</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>l</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>λ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Λ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Lambda (Lisp users rejoice!)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>m</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>μ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Μ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Mu</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>n</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ν</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ν</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Nu</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>o</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ο</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ο</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Omicron</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>p</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>π</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Π</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Pi</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>q</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>θ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Θ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Theta (with the other lowercase variant)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>r</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ρ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ρ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Rho</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>s</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>σ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Σ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Sigma (with one of the lowercase variants)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>t</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>τ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Τ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Tau</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>u</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>υ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Υ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Upsilon</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>v</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ς</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Σ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Sigma (with the other lowercase variant)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>w</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ω</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ω</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Omega (o was taken and the lowercase kind of looks like a w)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>x</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ξ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ξ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Xi</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>y</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ψ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ψ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Psi (p was taken and it looks a bit like a y)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>z</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ζ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Ζ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Zeta</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="s20-math"><a href="index.html#s20-math">Math</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The Space Cadet also had a <code>Top</code> key for typing the symbols on the top of the
|
|||
|
|
keys, which were (I think) used in APL. I don't use APL, but when typing out
|
|||
|
|
mathematical text it would be nice to have some symbols easily available.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I've added a Math layer that functions similarly to the Greek layer. I chose
|
|||
|
|
the right <code>Control</code> key to activate it. I won't go into detail about how it
|
|||
|
|
works because it's the same as the Greek layer. Here's the code for it if you
|
|||
|
|
want to use it yourself: <a href="https://gist.github.com/3824109">https://gist.github.com/3824109</a></p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>I've currently only filled in the Math layer with keys I find useful, so there
|
|||
|
|
are a lot of empty keys at the moment. I plan to add new ones as I discover
|
|||
|
|
I want them.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<table>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Key</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Alone</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Shifted</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Notes</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>a</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∧</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ℵ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>And, Aleph</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>b</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>c</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∘</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ℂ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Composition, Complex numbers</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>d</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>e</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∈</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∉</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Element of, Not element of</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>f</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∫</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Integral (i was taken and it looks like an f)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>g</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>h</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>i</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∩</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∞</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Intersection, Infinity</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>j</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>k</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>l</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>m</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>n</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ℕ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Natural numbers</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>o</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∨</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Or</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>p</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>q</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>r</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>√</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ℝ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Root, Real numbers</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>s</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>t</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>u</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∪</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Union</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>v</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>w</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>x</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊻</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Xor</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>y</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>z</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>ℤ</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Integers</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>-</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>¬</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Not (looks like a minus)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>=</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>≠</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>±</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Not equal, Plus or minus (<code>Shift-=</code> is normally +)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>/</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>÷</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Division</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>,</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>≤</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Less than or equal to (<code>Shift-,</code> is normally <)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>.</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>≥</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Greater than or equal to (<code>Shift-.</code> is normally >)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>1</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>2</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>3</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>4</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>5</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>6</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>7</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>8</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>×</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Times or cross product (<code>Shift-8</code> is normally *)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>9</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>0</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>∅</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Null set</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>`</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>≈</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Approximately equal to (<code>Shift-`</code> is normally ~)</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>[</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊂</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊄</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Proper subset of, Not proper subset of</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>]</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊃</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊅</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Proper superset of, Not proper superset of</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Left</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>←</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>↚</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Right</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>→</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>↛</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Up/Down</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>↔</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>↮</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>In addition, the last five rows also support the <code>Control</code> key for more
|
|||
|
|
variants:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<table>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Key</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Ctrl</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Ctrl-Shifted</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th>Notes</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>[</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊆</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊈</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Subset of, Not subset of</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>]</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊇</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⊉</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Superset of, Not superset of</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Left</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇐</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇍</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Right</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇒</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇏</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr>
|
|||
|
|
<td>Up/Down</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇔</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td>⇎</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="s21-conclusion"><a href="index.html#s21-conclusion">Conclusion</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you want my full KeyRemap4MacBook configuration you can always get <a href="https://github.com/sjl/dotfiles/blob/master/keyremap4macbook/private.xml">the
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latest version from my dotfiles</a>.</p>
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<p>I've done some crazy, fiddly things to my machine. Undoubtedly lots of people
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on Hacker News will scoff and brag about how they only use the defaults.
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I don't really care. Given that I spend 60 hours or more a week at the keyboard
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if these things only save me 0.01% of my time they'll pay for themselves in
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a year or two. Not to mention all the finger pain they'll prevent. Plus,
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tinkering around and seeing how far you can push things is fun (sometimes)!</p>
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<p>I'm pretty satisfied with my hardware and layout. My dream would be to get
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a custom keycap set with my key labels and the Space Cadet colors/typography
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that would fit on a white Realforce. It would be absolutely beautiful, but I'm
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sure it'd be far too expensive to make a single custom set. Oh well, maybe some
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day!</p>
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</article></main><hr class='main-separator' /><footer><nav><a href='https://github.com/sjl/'>GitHub</a> ・ <a href='https://twitter.com/stevelosh/'>Twitter</a> ・ <a href='https://instagram.com/thirtytwobirds/'>Instagram</a> ・ <a href='https://hg.stevelosh.com/.plan/'>.plan</a></nav></footer></body></html>
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