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<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.8"/><title>3.10 Hash Tables</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../scribble.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="icons.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-style.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../manual-racket.css" title="default"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../doc-site.css" title="default"/><script type="text/javascript" src="../scribble-common.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../manual-racket.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../doc-site.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-redirect.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../local-redirect/local-user-redirect.js"></script><!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">.SIEHidden { overflow: hidden; }</style><![endif]--></head><body id="doc-racket-lang-org"><div class="tocset"><div class="tocview"><div class="tocviewlist tocviewlisttopspace"><div class="tocviewtitle"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td style="width: 1em;"><a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Expand/Collapse" class="tocviewtoggle" onclick="TocviewToggle(this,"tocview_0");">►</a></td><td></td><td><a href="index.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">The Racket Guide</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="tocviewsublisttop" style="display: none;" id="tocview_0"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="right">1 </td><td><a href="intro.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Welcome to Racket</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">2 </td><td><a href="to-scheme.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Racket Essentials</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">3 </td><td><a href="datatypes.html" class="tocviewselflink" data-pltdoc="x">Built-<wbr></wbr>In Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">4 </td><td><a href="scheme-forms.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Expressions and Definitions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">5 </td><td><a href="define-struct.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Programmer-<wbr></wbr>Defined Datatypes</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">6 </td><td><a href="modules.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Modules</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">7 </td><td><a href="contracts.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Contracts</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">8 </td><td><a href="i_o.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Input and Output</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">9 </td><td><a href="regexp.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Regular Expressions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">10 </td><td><a href="control.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Exceptions and Control</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">11 </td><td><a href="for.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Iterations and Comprehensions</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">12 </td><td><a href="match.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Pattern Matching</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">13 </td><td><a href="classes.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Classes and Objects</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">14 </td><td><a href="units.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Units</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">15 </td><td><a href="reflection.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Reflection and Dynamic Evaluation</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">16 </td><td><a href="macros.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Macros</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right">17 </td><td><a href="languages.html" class="tocviewlink" data-pltdoc="x">Creating Languages</a></td></tr><tr><td align
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both keys and values can be arbitrary Racket values, and access and
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update to the table are normally constant-time operations. Keys are
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compared using <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._equal%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">equal?</a></span>, <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eqv%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eqv?</a></span>, or <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eq%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eq?</a></span>, depending on whether
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the hash table is created with <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-hash%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-hash</a></span>,
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<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-hasheqv%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-hasheqv</a></span>, or <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-hasheq%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-hasheq</a></span>.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-hash%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-hash</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2521%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">red</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">round</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2521%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"banana"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">(</span><span class="RktVal">yellow</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">long</span><span class="RktVal">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'(red round)</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="
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create immutable hash tables from an initial set of keys and values,
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in which each value is provided as an argument after its key. Immutable
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hash tables can be extended with <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set</a></span>, which produces a
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new immutable hash table in constant time.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">red</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"banana"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">yellow</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'red</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht2</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"coconut"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">'</span><span class="RktVal">brown</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"coconut"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr">hash-ref: no value found for key</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktErr"></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktErr">key: "coconut"</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-plt
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<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hash</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> (for an <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._equal%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">equal?</a></span>-based table),
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<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheqv</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> (for an <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eqv%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eqv?</a></span>-based table), or
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<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheq</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> (for an <span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=Equality.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._eq%7E3f%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">eq?</a></span>-based table). A parenthesized
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sequence must immediately follow <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hash</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheq</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>,
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or <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheqv</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, where each element is a dotted
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key–value pair. The <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hash</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, etc. forms implicitly
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<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=quote.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._quote%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">quote</a></span> their key and value sub-forms.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">#hash</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">. </span><span class="RktSym">red</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">"banana"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">. </span><span class="RktSym">yellow</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-ref%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-ref</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'red</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p><span class="imageleft"><img src="magnify.png" alt="+" width="24" height="24"/></span><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=reader.html%23%2528part._parse-hashtable%2529&version=8.6" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">Reading Hash Tables</a> in <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=8.6" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">The Racket Reference</a> documents the fine points of the syntax of hash table literals.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p>Both mutable and immutable hash tables print like immutable hash
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tables, using a quoted <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hash</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, <span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheqv</span><span class="hspace"></span></span>, or
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<span class="RktInBG"><span class="hspace"></span><span class="RktIn">#hasheq</span><span class="hspace"></span></span> form if all keys and values can be expressed with
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<span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=quote.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._quote%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">quote</a></span> or using <span class="RktRes">hash</span>, <span class="RktRes">hasheq</span>, or
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<span class="RktRes">hasheqv</span> otherwise:</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktVal">#hash</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">"apple"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">. </span><span class="RktSym">red</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktVal">"banana"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">. </span><span class="RktSym">yellow</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">'#hash(("apple" . red) ("banana" . yellow))</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=exns.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._srcloc%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">srcloc</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"file.rkt"</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">0</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">1</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=generic-numbers.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._%252B%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">+</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">4</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">4</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">(hash 1 (srcloc "file.rkt" 1 0 1 8))</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p>A mutable hash table can optionally retain its keys
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<span style="font-style: italic">weakly</span>, so each mapping is retained only so long as the key
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is retained elsewhere.</p><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-weak-hasheq%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-weak-hasheq</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2521%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=symbols.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._gensym%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">gensym</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktVal">"can you see me?"</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=garbagecollection.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._collect-garbage%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">collect-garbage</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-count%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-count</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><p><span class="RktRes">0</span></p></td></tr></table></blockquote></div></p><p>Beware that even a weak hash table retains its values strongly, as
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long as the corresponding key is accessible. This creates a catch-22
|
||
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dependency when a value refers back to its key, so that the mapping is
|
||
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retained permanently. To break the cycle, map the key to an <span style="font-style: italic">ephemeron</span>
|
||
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that pairs the value with its key (in addition to the implicit pairing
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of the hash table).</p><blockquote class="refpara"><blockquote class="refcolumn"><blockquote class="refcontent"><p><span class="imageleft"><img src="magnify.png" alt="+" width="24" height="24"/></span><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=ephemerons.html&version=8.6" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">Ephemerons</a> in <a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=index.html&version=8.6" class="Sq" data-pltdoc="x">The Racket Reference</a> documents the fine points of using ephemerons.</p></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><p><div class="SIntrapara">Examples:</div><div class="SIntrapara"><blockquote class="SCodeFlow"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=define.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fbase..rkt%2529._define%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">define</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._make-weak-hasheq%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">make-weak-hasheq</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="RktBlk"><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=let.html%23%2528form._%2528%2528lib._racket%252Fprivate%252Fletstx-scheme..rkt%2529._let%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktStxLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">let</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktPn">[</span><span class="RktSym">g</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=symbols.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._gensym%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">gensym</a></span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">]</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=hashtables.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._hash-set%2521%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">hash-set!</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">ht</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">g</span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=pairs.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._list%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">list</a></span><span class="hspace"> </span><span class="RktSym">g</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span><span class="RktPn">)</span></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><span class="stt">> </span><span class="RktPn">(</span><span class="RktSym"><a href="https://download.racket-lang.org/releases/8.6/doc/local-redirect/index.html?doc=reference&rel=garbagecollection.html%23%2528def._%2528%2528quote._%7E23%7E25kernel%2529._collect-garbage%2529%2529&version=8.6" class="RktValLink Sq" data-pltdoc="x">collect-garbage</a></span><span class="Rkt
|