emacs.d/clones/llthw.common-lisp.dev/2-13-0-compiler.html
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<title>The Compiler · Learn Lisp The Hard Way</title>
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<li class="header">LEARN LISP THE HARD WAY</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="./">
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Second Draft (in-progress)
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="CHANGELOG.html">
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CHANGELOG
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TODO
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<li class="header">PREFACE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="preface.html">
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TANSTAAFL
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="preface-part-two.html">
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The Hard Way is Easier
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="preface-part-three.html">
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Who Is This Book For?
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="introduction.html">
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Lisp: A Future History
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="acknowledgements.html">
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Acknowledgements
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<li class="header">PART ONE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="1-0-0-overview.html">
<a href="1-0-0-overview.html">
Grokking Lisp
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1" data-path="1-01-00-lisp-bootcamp.html">
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Common Lisp Bootcamp
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.1" data-path="1-01-01-syntax-overview.html">
<a href="1-01-01-syntax-overview.html">
Syntax Overview in 5 Minutes
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.2" data-path="1-01-02-repl.html">
<a href="1-01-02-repl.html">
The REPL
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.3" data-path="1-01-03-expressions.html">
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Expressions, Parentheses, and Return Values
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.4" data-path="1-01-04-lists-cons-cells.html">
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Lists, Cons-Cells, and Memory
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.5" data-path="1-01-05-symbols.html">
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Symbols and Namespaces
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.6" data-path="1-01-06-prefix-notation.html">
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Prefix Notation
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.7" data-path="1-01-07-style-guide.html">
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Common Lisp Style Guide
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.8" data-path="1-01-08-configuration.html">
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Configuring Your Development Environment
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2" data-path="1-02-00-input-output.html">
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Printing, Streams, and Strings
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.1" data-path="1-02-01-strings.html">
<a href="1-02-01-strings.html">
Strings
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.2" data-path="1-02-02-more-strings.html">
<a href="1-02-02-more-strings.html">
More Strings
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.3" data-path="1-02-03-unicode.html">
<a href="1-02-03-unicode.html">
Unicode and Strings
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.4" data-path="1-02-04-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-04-chars.html">
Characters
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.5" data-path="1-02-05-more-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-05-more-chars.html">
More Characters
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.6" data-path="1-02-06-char-codes.html">
<a href="1-02-06-char-codes.html">
Character Codes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.7" data-path="1-02-07-strings-from-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-07-strings-from-chars.html">
Strings from Chars
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.8" data-path="1-02-08-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-08-printing.html">
Printing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.9" data-path="1-02-09-more-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-09-more-printing.html">
More Printing
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.10" data-path="1-02-10-prin1.html">
<a href="1-02-10-prin1.html">
Printing With prin1
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.11" data-path="1-02-11-princ.html">
<a href="1-02-11-princ.html">
Printing With princ
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.12" data-path="1-02-12-format.html">
<a href="1-02-12-format.html">
A Brief Introduction to Format
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.13" data-path="1-02-13-more-format.html">
<a href="1-02-13-more-format.html">
A Little Bit More on Format
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.14" data-path="1-02-14-pathnames.html">
<a href="1-02-14-pathnames.html">
Pathnames
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.15" data-path="1-02-15-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-15-streams.html">
Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.16" data-path="1-02-16-file-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-16-file-streams.html">
File Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.17" data-path="1-02-17-binary-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-17-binary-streams.html">
Binary Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.18" data-path="1-02-18-prompting-users.html">
<a href="1-02-18-prompting-users.html">
Prompting Users
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.19" data-path="1-02-19-pretty-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-19-pretty-printing.html">
Pretty-Printing
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3" data-path="1-03-0-getting-input-from-users.html">
<a href="1-03-0-getting-input-from-users.html">
Extra Credit: Getting Input from Users
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.4" data-path="1-04-0-lists.html">
<a href="1-04-0-lists.html">
Lists and List-Operations
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.5" data-path="1-05-0-lookups-trees.html">
<a href="1-05-0-lookups-trees.html">
Extra Credit: Look-up Lists and Trees
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6" data-path="1-06-0-math.html">
<a href="1-06-0-math.html">
Numbers and Math
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.1" data-path="1-06-01-integers.html">
<a href="1-06-01-integers.html">
Integers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.2" data-path="1-06-02-more-integers.html">
<a href="1-06-02-more-integers.html">
More Integers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.3" data-path="1-06-03-hexadecimal-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-03-hexadecimal-notation.html">
Hexadecimal Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.4" data-path="1-06-04-octal-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-04-octal-notation.html">
Octal Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.5" data-path="1-06-05-binary-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-05-binary-notation.html">
Binary Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.6" data-path="1-06-06-ratios.html">
<a href="1-06-06-ratios.html">
Ratios and Rational Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.7" data-path="1-06-07-floating-point.html">
<a href="1-06-07-floating-point.html">
Floating-point Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.8" data-path="1-06-08-constants.html">
<a href="1-06-08-constants.html">
Numeric Constants
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.9" data-path="1-06-09-complex-numbers.html">
<a href="1-06-09-complex-numbers.html">
Complex Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.10" data-path="1-06-10-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-10-arithmetic.html">
Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.11" data-path="1-06-11-more-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-11-more-arithmetic.html">
More Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.12" data-path="1-06-12-even-more-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-12-even-more-arithmetic.html">
Even More Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.13" data-path="1-06-13-exponents.html">
<a href="1-06-13-exponents.html">
Exponents
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.14" data-path="1-06-14-logarithms.html">
<a href="1-06-14-logarithms.html">
Logarithms
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.15" data-path="1-06-15-trigonometry.html">
<a href="1-06-15-trigonometry.html">
Trigonometry
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.16" data-path="1-06-16-psuedorandom-numbers.html">
<a href="1-06-16-psuedorandom-numbers.html">
Pseudo-Random Numbers
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7" data-path="1-07-0-arrays.html">
<a href="1-07-0-arrays.html">
Extra Credit: Arrays and Vectors
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8" data-path="1-08-0-variables.html">
<a href="1-08-0-variables.html">
Variables, Parameters, and Constants
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9" data-path="1-09-0-closures.html">
<a href="1-09-0-closures.html">
Extra Credit: Closures
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10" data-path="1-10-0-functions.html">
<a href="1-10-0-functions.html">
Functions and Macros
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11" data-path="1-11-0-text-adventure.html">
<a href="1-11-0-text-adventure.html">
Extra Credit: A Simple Text Adventure
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12" data-path="1-12-0-namespaces.html">
<a href="1-12-0-namespaces.html">
Namespaces, Symbols, Packages, and Systems
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.13" data-path="1-13-0-simple-web-app.html">
<a href="1-13-0-simple-web-app.html">
Extra Credit: A Simple Web Application
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.14" data-path="1-14-0-conditionals.html">
<a href="1-14-0-conditionals.html">
Conditionals
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.15" data-path="1-15-0-command-line-utility.html">
<a href="1-15-0-command-line-utility.html">
Extra Credit: Command-Line Utilities
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.16" data-path="1-16-0-map-loop.html">
<a href="1-16-0-map-loop.html">
Mapping and Looping
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.17" data-path="1-17-0-iterate.html">
<a href="1-17-0-iterate.html">
Extra Credit: Revisiting Loops with Iterate
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.18" data-path="1-18-0-format.html">
<a href="1-18-0-format.html">
Format Strings
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.19" data-path="1-19-0-dsl.html">
<a href="1-19-0-dsl.html">
Extra Credit: Domain Specific Languages
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.20" data-path="1-20-0-review.html">
<a href="1-20-0-review.html">
Part One in Review
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">PART TWO</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="2-0-0-overview.html">
<a href="2-0-0-overview.html">
The Suffusion of Blue
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="2-01-0-programming-paradigms.html">
<a href="2-01-0-programming-paradigms.html">
Programming Paradigms
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="2-02-0-regex.html">
<a href="2-02-0-regex.html">
Extra Credit: Regular Expressions
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="2-03-0-objects-control.html">
<a href="2-03-0-objects-control.html">
Objects and Control Structures
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="2-04-0-data-persistence.html">
<a href="2-04-0-data-persistence.html">
Extra Credit: Persistence and Databases
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.5" data-path="2-05-0-extended-types.html">
<a href="2-05-0-extended-types.html">
Extended Types
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.6" data-path="2-06-0-threads-memos-parallel.html">
<a href="2-06-0-threads-memos-parallel.html">
Extra Credit: Concurrency and Memoization
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.7" data-path="2-07-0-logic-and-more-math.html">
<a href="2-07-0-logic-and-more-math.html">
Logic and Advanced Math
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.8" data-path="2-08-0-number-theory.html">
<a href="2-08-0-number-theory.html">
Extra Credit: Number Theory
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.9" data-path="2-09-0-binary-octets-bits.html">
<a href="2-09-0-binary-octets-bits.html">
Binary Streams, Octet-Vectors, and Bit-Vectors
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.10" data-path="2-10-0-improved-text-adventure-engine.html">
<a href="2-10-0-improved-text-adventure-engine.html">
Extra Credit: An Improved Text Adventure Engine
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.11" data-path="2-11-0-conditions.html">
<a href="2-11-0-conditions.html">
Conditions and Error Handling
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.12" data-path="2-12-0-2d-game.html">
<a href="2-12-0-2d-game.html">
Extra Credit: Write a 2D Game
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="4.1.13" data-path="2-13-0-compiler.html">
<a href="2-13-0-compiler.html">
The Compiler
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.14" data-path="2-14-0-tree-shaker.html">
<a href="2-14-0-tree-shaker.html">
Extra Credit: Write a Tree-Shaker
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.15" data-path="2-15-0-docs-and-inspection.html">
<a href="2-15-0-docs-and-inspection.html">
Documentation and Inspection
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.16" data-path="2-16-0-foreign-libs.html">
<a href="2-16-0-foreign-libs.html">
Extra Credit: Foreign Libraries in Lisp
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.17" data-path="2-17-0-debugging-testing.html">
<a href="2-17-0-debugging-testing.html">
Debugging and Unit Testing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.18" data-path="2-18-0-ffi.html">
<a href="2-18-0-ffi.html">
Extra Credit: Write a Foreign Function Interface
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.19" data-path="2-19-0-essential-libs.html">
<a href="2-19-0-essential-libs.html">
Essential Lisp Libraries
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.20" data-path="2-20-0-packaging-libs.html">
<a href="2-20-0-packaging-libs.html">
Extra Credit: Packaging Lisp Libraries
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.21" data-path="2-21-0-review.html">
<a href="2-21-0-review.html">
Detailed Syntax Review
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">PART THREE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="3-00-00-overview.html">
<a href="3-00-00-overview.html">
Lisp So(u)rcery
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.1" data-path="3-01-00-web-apps.html">
<a href="3-01-00-web-apps.html">
Real-world Web Apps
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.2" data-path="3-02-00-typesetting.html">
<a href="3-02-00-typesetting.html">
Typesetting
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.3" data-path="3-03-00-mobile.html">
<a href="3-03-00-mobile.html">
Native Mobile Applications
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.4" data-path="3-04-00-gui.html">
<a href="3-04-00-gui.html">
Cross-platform Desktop Applications
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.5" data-path="3-05-00-system-utils.html">
<a href="3-05-00-system-utils.html">
Drivers, Daemons, and System-Utilities
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.6" data-path="3-06-00-reverse-engineering.html">
<a href="3-06-00-reverse-engineering.html">
Reverse Engineering
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.7" data-path="3-07-00-graphics.html">
<a href="3-07-00-graphics.html">
Graphics Rendering
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.8" data-path="3-08-00-gaming.html">
<a href="3-08-00-gaming.html">
OpenGL, SDL, and 3D Game Development
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.9" data-path="3-09-00-audio.html">
<a href="3-09-00-audio.html">
Audio Generation and Manipulation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.10" data-path="3-10-00-data.html">
<a href="3-10-00-data.html">
Data Aggregation and Analysis
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.11" data-path="3-11-00-cryptosec.html">
<a href="3-11-00-cryptosec.html">
Cryptography and Security
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.12" data-path="3-12-00-fintech.html">
<a href="3-12-00-fintech.html">
Financial Software and Crypto-Currencies
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.13" data-path="3-13-00-scientific-computing.html">
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<a href="index.html" >The Compiler</a>
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<h1 id="chapter-213">Chapter 2.13</h1>
<h2 id="the-compiler">The Compiler</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;I will accept the rules that you feel necessary to your freedom. I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerate them; if I find them too obnoxious, I break them. I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do.&quot;</p>
<footer>Robert A. Heinlein, <em>The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress</em></footer>
</blockquote>
<p>One of the great things about Lisp is that you can write a full application with clean, straightforward, simple, dynamic code that always gives you exactly what you mean---and in fact, that&apos;s what we&apos;ve been doing so far; full-scale applications written this way won&apos;t be particularly performant and they&apos;ll be memory-hogs, but they will work, without you needing to worry about such things as Garbage Collection, static type declarations, memory allocation and deallocation, so on and so forth. But at this stage of development, your application isn&apos;t <em>done</em>. It&apos;s just a prototype.</p>
<p>Another great thing about Lisp is that you can also optimize your applications to the point of absurdity, achieving twice the performance as heavily optimized C code---such as was done with the CL-PPCRE library. That&apos;s what we&apos;ll be covering here---all the tools that the Common Lisp compiler offers that you&apos;ll need to milk your computer for every last GHz.</p>
<p>We will also be covering relevant techniques for profiling the performance of your code-base, minimizing extraneous consing, reviewing the disassembly of your compiled code, and static type declarations. And from here on out, we&apos;ll adopt all these techniques for subsequent exercises.</p>
<h3 id="exercise-2131">Exercise 2.13.1</h3>
<p><strong>TIME</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2132">Exercise 2.13.2</h3>
<p><strong>Profiling with SB-PROFILE</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2133">Exercise 2.13.3</h3>
<p><strong>Profiling with SB-SPROF</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2134">Exercise 2.13.4</h3>
<p><strong>Consing</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2135">Exercise 2.13.5</h3>
<p><strong>Less Consing</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2136">Exercise 2.13.6</h3>
<p><strong>Even Less Consing</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2137">Exercise 2.13.7</h3>
<p><strong>Static Typing</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2138">Exercise 2.13.8</h3>
<p><strong>DECLARE</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-2139">Exercise 2.13.9</h3>
<p><strong>PROCLAIM</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21310">Exercise 2.13.10</h3>
<p><strong>DECLAIM</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21311">Exercise 2.13.11</h3>
<p><strong>EVAL-WHEN</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21312">Exercise 2.13.12</h3>
<p><strong>DISASSEMBLE</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21313">Exercise 2.13.13</h3>
<p><strong>Garbage Collection</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21314">Exercise 2.13.14</h3>
<p><strong>More Garbage Collection</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21315">Exercise 2.13.15</h3>
<p><strong>Even More Garbage Collection</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-21316">Exercise 2.13.16</h3>
<p><strong>Purifying Lisp Images</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
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