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<li class="header">LEARN LISP THE HARD WAY</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="./">
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Second Draft (in-progress)
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="CHANGELOG.html">
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CHANGELOG
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TODO
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<li class="header">PREFACE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="preface.html">
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TANSTAAFL
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="preface-part-two.html">
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The Hard Way is Easier
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="preface-part-three.html">
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Who Is This Book For?
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="introduction.html">
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Lisp: A Future History
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="acknowledgements.html">
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Acknowledgements
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<li class="header">PART ONE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="1-0-0-overview.html">
<a href="1-0-0-overview.html">
Grokking Lisp
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1" data-path="1-01-00-lisp-bootcamp.html">
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Common Lisp Bootcamp
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.1" data-path="1-01-01-syntax-overview.html">
<a href="1-01-01-syntax-overview.html">
Syntax Overview in 5 Minutes
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.2" data-path="1-01-02-repl.html">
<a href="1-01-02-repl.html">
The REPL
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.3" data-path="1-01-03-expressions.html">
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Expressions, Parentheses, and Return Values
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.4" data-path="1-01-04-lists-cons-cells.html">
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Lists, Cons-Cells, and Memory
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.5" data-path="1-01-05-symbols.html">
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Symbols and Namespaces
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.6" data-path="1-01-06-prefix-notation.html">
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Prefix Notation
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.7" data-path="1-01-07-style-guide.html">
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Common Lisp Style Guide
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1.8" data-path="1-01-08-configuration.html">
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Configuring Your Development Environment
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2" data-path="1-02-00-input-output.html">
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Printing, Streams, and Strings
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.1" data-path="1-02-01-strings.html">
<a href="1-02-01-strings.html">
Strings
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.2" data-path="1-02-02-more-strings.html">
<a href="1-02-02-more-strings.html">
More Strings
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.3" data-path="1-02-03-unicode.html">
<a href="1-02-03-unicode.html">
Unicode and Strings
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.4" data-path="1-02-04-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-04-chars.html">
Characters
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.5" data-path="1-02-05-more-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-05-more-chars.html">
More Characters
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.6" data-path="1-02-06-char-codes.html">
<a href="1-02-06-char-codes.html">
Character Codes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.7" data-path="1-02-07-strings-from-chars.html">
<a href="1-02-07-strings-from-chars.html">
Strings from Chars
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.8" data-path="1-02-08-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-08-printing.html">
Printing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.9" data-path="1-02-09-more-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-09-more-printing.html">
More Printing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.10" data-path="1-02-10-prin1.html">
<a href="1-02-10-prin1.html">
Printing With prin1
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.11" data-path="1-02-11-princ.html">
<a href="1-02-11-princ.html">
Printing With princ
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.12" data-path="1-02-12-format.html">
<a href="1-02-12-format.html">
A Brief Introduction to Format
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.13" data-path="1-02-13-more-format.html">
<a href="1-02-13-more-format.html">
A Little Bit More on Format
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.14" data-path="1-02-14-pathnames.html">
<a href="1-02-14-pathnames.html">
Pathnames
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.15" data-path="1-02-15-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-15-streams.html">
Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.16" data-path="1-02-16-file-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-16-file-streams.html">
File Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.17" data-path="1-02-17-binary-streams.html">
<a href="1-02-17-binary-streams.html">
Binary Streams
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.18" data-path="1-02-18-prompting-users.html">
<a href="1-02-18-prompting-users.html">
Prompting Users
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2.19" data-path="1-02-19-pretty-printing.html">
<a href="1-02-19-pretty-printing.html">
Pretty-Printing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3" data-path="1-03-0-getting-input-from-users.html">
<a href="1-03-0-getting-input-from-users.html">
Extra Credit: Getting Input from Users
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.4" data-path="1-04-0-lists.html">
<a href="1-04-0-lists.html">
Lists and List-Operations
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.5" data-path="1-05-0-lookups-trees.html">
<a href="1-05-0-lookups-trees.html">
Extra Credit: Look-up Lists and Trees
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6" data-path="1-06-0-math.html">
<a href="1-06-0-math.html">
Numbers and Math
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.1" data-path="1-06-01-integers.html">
<a href="1-06-01-integers.html">
Integers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.2" data-path="1-06-02-more-integers.html">
<a href="1-06-02-more-integers.html">
More Integers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.3" data-path="1-06-03-hexadecimal-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-03-hexadecimal-notation.html">
Hexadecimal Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.4" data-path="1-06-04-octal-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-04-octal-notation.html">
Octal Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.5" data-path="1-06-05-binary-notation.html">
<a href="1-06-05-binary-notation.html">
Binary Integer Notation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.6" data-path="1-06-06-ratios.html">
<a href="1-06-06-ratios.html">
Ratios and Rational Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.7" data-path="1-06-07-floating-point.html">
<a href="1-06-07-floating-point.html">
Floating-point Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.8" data-path="1-06-08-constants.html">
<a href="1-06-08-constants.html">
Numeric Constants
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.9" data-path="1-06-09-complex-numbers.html">
<a href="1-06-09-complex-numbers.html">
Complex Numbers
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.10" data-path="1-06-10-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-10-arithmetic.html">
Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.11" data-path="1-06-11-more-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-11-more-arithmetic.html">
More Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.12" data-path="1-06-12-even-more-arithmetic.html">
<a href="1-06-12-even-more-arithmetic.html">
Even More Arithmetic
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.13" data-path="1-06-13-exponents.html">
<a href="1-06-13-exponents.html">
Exponents
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.14" data-path="1-06-14-logarithms.html">
<a href="1-06-14-logarithms.html">
Logarithms
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.15" data-path="1-06-15-trigonometry.html">
<a href="1-06-15-trigonometry.html">
Trigonometry
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.16" data-path="1-06-16-psuedorandom-numbers.html">
<a href="1-06-16-psuedorandom-numbers.html">
Pseudo-Random Numbers
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7" data-path="1-07-0-arrays.html">
<a href="1-07-0-arrays.html">
Extra Credit: Arrays and Vectors
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8" data-path="1-08-0-variables.html">
<a href="1-08-0-variables.html">
Variables, Parameters, and Constants
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9" data-path="1-09-0-closures.html">
<a href="1-09-0-closures.html">
Extra Credit: Closures
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10" data-path="1-10-0-functions.html">
<a href="1-10-0-functions.html">
Functions and Macros
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11" data-path="1-11-0-text-adventure.html">
<a href="1-11-0-text-adventure.html">
Extra Credit: A Simple Text Adventure
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12" data-path="1-12-0-namespaces.html">
<a href="1-12-0-namespaces.html">
Namespaces, Symbols, Packages, and Systems
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.13" data-path="1-13-0-simple-web-app.html">
<a href="1-13-0-simple-web-app.html">
Extra Credit: A Simple Web Application
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.14" data-path="1-14-0-conditionals.html">
<a href="1-14-0-conditionals.html">
Conditionals
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.15" data-path="1-15-0-command-line-utility.html">
<a href="1-15-0-command-line-utility.html">
Extra Credit: Command-Line Utilities
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.16" data-path="1-16-0-map-loop.html">
<a href="1-16-0-map-loop.html">
Mapping and Looping
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.17" data-path="1-17-0-iterate.html">
<a href="1-17-0-iterate.html">
Extra Credit: Revisiting Loops with Iterate
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.18" data-path="1-18-0-format.html">
<a href="1-18-0-format.html">
Format Strings
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.19" data-path="1-19-0-dsl.html">
<a href="1-19-0-dsl.html">
Extra Credit: Domain Specific Languages
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.20" data-path="1-20-0-review.html">
<a href="1-20-0-review.html">
Part One in Review
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">PART TWO</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="2-0-0-overview.html">
<a href="2-0-0-overview.html">
The Suffusion of Blue
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="2-01-0-programming-paradigms.html">
<a href="2-01-0-programming-paradigms.html">
Programming Paradigms
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="2-02-0-regex.html">
<a href="2-02-0-regex.html">
Extra Credit: Regular Expressions
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="2-03-0-objects-control.html">
<a href="2-03-0-objects-control.html">
Objects and Control Structures
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="2-04-0-data-persistence.html">
<a href="2-04-0-data-persistence.html">
Extra Credit: Persistence and Databases
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.5" data-path="2-05-0-extended-types.html">
<a href="2-05-0-extended-types.html">
Extended Types
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.6" data-path="2-06-0-threads-memos-parallel.html">
<a href="2-06-0-threads-memos-parallel.html">
Extra Credit: Concurrency and Memoization
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.7" data-path="2-07-0-logic-and-more-math.html">
<a href="2-07-0-logic-and-more-math.html">
Logic and Advanced Math
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.8" data-path="2-08-0-number-theory.html">
<a href="2-08-0-number-theory.html">
Extra Credit: Number Theory
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.9" data-path="2-09-0-binary-octets-bits.html">
<a href="2-09-0-binary-octets-bits.html">
Binary Streams, Octet-Vectors, and Bit-Vectors
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.10" data-path="2-10-0-improved-text-adventure-engine.html">
<a href="2-10-0-improved-text-adventure-engine.html">
Extra Credit: An Improved Text Adventure Engine
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.11" data-path="2-11-0-conditions.html">
<a href="2-11-0-conditions.html">
Conditions and Error Handling
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.12" data-path="2-12-0-2d-game.html">
<a href="2-12-0-2d-game.html">
Extra Credit: Write a 2D Game
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.13" data-path="2-13-0-compiler.html">
<a href="2-13-0-compiler.html">
The Compiler
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.14" data-path="2-14-0-tree-shaker.html">
<a href="2-14-0-tree-shaker.html">
Extra Credit: Write a Tree-Shaker
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.15" data-path="2-15-0-docs-and-inspection.html">
<a href="2-15-0-docs-and-inspection.html">
Documentation and Inspection
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.16" data-path="2-16-0-foreign-libs.html">
<a href="2-16-0-foreign-libs.html">
Extra Credit: Foreign Libraries in Lisp
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.17" data-path="2-17-0-debugging-testing.html">
<a href="2-17-0-debugging-testing.html">
Debugging and Unit Testing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.18" data-path="2-18-0-ffi.html">
<a href="2-18-0-ffi.html">
Extra Credit: Write a Foreign Function Interface
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.19" data-path="2-19-0-essential-libs.html">
<a href="2-19-0-essential-libs.html">
Essential Lisp Libraries
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.20" data-path="2-20-0-packaging-libs.html">
<a href="2-20-0-packaging-libs.html">
Extra Credit: Packaging Lisp Libraries
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.21" data-path="2-21-0-review.html">
<a href="2-21-0-review.html">
Detailed Syntax Review
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">PART THREE</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="3-00-00-overview.html">
<a href="3-00-00-overview.html">
Lisp So(u)rcery
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter active" data-level="5.1.1" data-path="3-01-00-web-apps.html">
<a href="3-01-00-web-apps.html">
Real-world Web Apps
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.2" data-path="3-02-00-typesetting.html">
<a href="3-02-00-typesetting.html">
Typesetting
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.3" data-path="3-03-00-mobile.html">
<a href="3-03-00-mobile.html">
Native Mobile Applications
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.4" data-path="3-04-00-gui.html">
<a href="3-04-00-gui.html">
Cross-platform Desktop Applications
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.5" data-path="3-05-00-system-utils.html">
<a href="3-05-00-system-utils.html">
Drivers, Daemons, and System-Utilities
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.6" data-path="3-06-00-reverse-engineering.html">
<a href="3-06-00-reverse-engineering.html">
Reverse Engineering
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.7" data-path="3-07-00-graphics.html">
<a href="3-07-00-graphics.html">
Graphics Rendering
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.8" data-path="3-08-00-gaming.html">
<a href="3-08-00-gaming.html">
OpenGL, SDL, and 3D Game Development
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.9" data-path="3-09-00-audio.html">
<a href="3-09-00-audio.html">
Audio Generation and Manipulation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.10" data-path="3-10-00-data.html">
<a href="3-10-00-data.html">
Data Aggregation and Analysis
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.11" data-path="3-11-00-cryptosec.html">
<a href="3-11-00-cryptosec.html">
Cryptography and Security
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.12" data-path="3-12-00-fintech.html">
<a href="3-12-00-fintech.html">
Financial Software and Crypto-Currencies
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1.13" data-path="3-13-00-scientific-computing.html">
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<h1 id="chapter-31">Chapter 3.1</h1>
<h2 id="real-world-web-applications">Real-World Web Applications</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;Free will is a golden thread running through the frozen matrix of fixed events.&quot;</p>
<footer>Robert A. Heinlein, <em>The Rolling Stones</em></footer>
</blockquote>
<p>There is no other problem-domain more complicated than the Web. To be a successful web developer these days, you have to wear a lot of hats---you need to be a programmer, a graphic designer, a system administrator, a DBA, a security expert, you have to know the quirks of every platform and browser, mobile or desktop, you have to keep abreast of the cutting edge. It&apos;s an endless journey, and you&apos;ll always find the need to be better than you are.</p>
<p>One of the biggest problems with the Web is just how many languages you need to know to create a straightforward web application. It&apos;s not just HTML, CSS, a splattering of JavaScript, and your choice of PHP, Python, or Perl anymore. Now you need to learn a web framework, the language it&apos;s written in to write the server-side logic, an arbitrary templating language to create your interfaces, and new protocols like Comet or Websockets for real-time two-way communication between the server and client.</p>
<p>Lisp solves all these issues, and will give you an edge over the competition. You only need to know Lisp, and you can run a web server on any platform, generate your HTML, CSS, JavaScript front-end interfaces, JSON or XML data feeds, and communicate with your clients over AJAX, Comet, REST, or Websockets. Using a sensible front-end library, you can also ensure a graceful experience for all your users on every platform. And never have to write a single line of any other language.</p>
<hr>
<p>Extend upon the material covered earlier for building simple web apps; cover the feature and security requirements of web applications, REST endpoints, websockets, etc.</p>
<p>Review web frameworks in Lisp: Weblocks, RESTAS, Clack/Caveman, Anti-Web, REDSHIFTNET; refresher on underlying servers, Hunchentoot, Wookie, IOLib, teepeedee2, etc., database libraries, crane, postmodern, etc., and other web-related libraries, cl-who, cl-css, parenscript, etc.</p>
<p>Web app should be a live-updating feed, pulling from some standard data source in JSON.</p>
<p>Focus on 100% Lisp to generate/parse web languages.</p>
<p>Also, include an exercise that shows how to set up a secure load-balanced cloud lisp web application.</p>
<h3 id="exercise-311">Exercise 3.1.1</h3>
<p><strong>Full Featured Web Apps</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-312">Exercise 3.1.2</h3>
<p><strong>Clack and Caveman</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-313">Exercise 3.1.3</h3>
<p><strong>Wookie</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-314">Exercise 3.1.4</h3>
<p><strong>CL-ASYNC</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-315">Exercise 3.1.5</h3>
<p><strong>IOLib</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-316">Exercise 3.1.6</h3>
<p><strong>IOLib</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-317">Exercise 3.1.7</h3>
<p><strong>Websockets</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-318">Exercise 3.1.8</h3>
<p><strong>Databases and ORMs for the Web</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-319">Exercise 3.1.9</h3>
<p><strong>Serializing Data to JSON</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="project-3110">Project 3.1.10</h3>
<p><strong>An All-in-One Asynchronous Web Framework</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
<h3 id="exercise-3111">Exercise 3.1.11</h3>
<p><strong>Deploying a Secure, Distributed Lisp Web Application in the Cloud</strong></p>
<pre><code class="lang-lisp">
</code></pre>
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